Optimization of Streptococcus agalactiae Biofilm Culture in a Continuous Flow System for Photoinactivation Studies

Michal K. Pieranski; Michal Rychlowski; Mariusz Grinholc

doi:10.3390/pathogens10091212

Optimization of Streptococcus agalactiae Biofilm Culture in a Continuous Flow System for Photoinactivation Studies

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10091212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1212

Author(s):

Michal K. Pieranski ◽

Michal Rychlowski ◽

Mariusz Grinholc

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Human Keratinocytes ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Vaginal Fluid ◽

Flow Conditions ◽

Biofilm Growth ◽

Microtiter Plates ◽

Biofilm Production

Streptococcus agalactiae is a relevant cause of neonatal mortality. It can be transferred to infants via the vaginal tract and cause meningitis, pneumonia, arthritis, or sepsis, among other diseases. The cause of therapy ineffectiveness and infection recurrence is the growth of bacteria as biofilms. To date, several research teams have attempted to find a suitable medium for the cultivation of S. agalactiae biofilms. Among others, simulated vaginal fluid has been used; however, biofilm production in this medium has been found to be lower than that in tryptic soy broth. We have previously shown that S. agalactiae can be successfully eradicated by photoinactivation in planktonic culture, but there have been no studies on biofilms. The aim of this study was to optimize S. agalactiae biofilm culture conditions to be used in photoinactivation studies. We compared biofilm production by four strains representing the most common serotypes in four different broth media with crystal violet staining. Then, we evaluated stationary biofilm culture in microtiter plates and biofilm growth in a CDC Biofilm Reactor® (BioSurface Technologies, Bozeman, MT, USA) under continuous flow conditions. Subsequently, we applied Rose Bengal-mediated photoinactivation to both biofilm models. We have shown that photoinactivation is efficient in biofilm eradication and is not cyto/phototoxic to human keratinocytes. We found conditions allowing for stable and repetitive S. agalactiae biofilm growth in continuous flow conditions, which can be successfully utilized in photoinactivation assays and potentially in all other antibacterial studies.

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Degradation of chlorophenols by biofilms on semi-permeable membranes in two types of fixed bed reactors

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0299 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

pp. 205-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. Wobus ◽

S. Ulrich ◽

I. Röske

Keyword(s):

Continuous Flow ◽

Plug Flow ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Flow Conditions ◽

Concentration Gradients ◽

Batch Mode ◽

Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽

Fixed Bed Reactors ◽

Protozoan Community

Two identical fixed bed reactors containing gas-permeable tubings as carrier material were compared for the elimination of chlorophenols. Under plug flow conditions, the continuous flow operation resulted in a stratification of biomass due to concentration gradients. To achieve a homogeneous colonization, the sequencing batch mode has been applicated to one biofilm reactor (Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor - SBBR). Concentration gradients after filling, probably due to sorption phenomena, caused an uneven distribution of biomass in the SBBR. However, the colonization of the SBBR was more homogeneous as compared to the continuously operated reactor (CFBR). As to the elimination of a trichlorophenol (2,4,5-trichlorophenol - TCP), no significant differences between the SBBR and the CFBR were observed with regard to its sensitivity against load surges. It is to be supposed that sorption to the biofilm was included in the elimination of chlorophenols. A higher diversity of protozoan community and meiofauna is obviously to be attributed to continuous flow.

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Carbon tetrachloride biodegradation in a fixed-biofilm reactor and its kinetic study

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0802 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (8-9) ◽

pp. 155-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. Jin ◽

A. J. Englande

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Model Comparison ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Pseudomonas Cepacia ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Biphasic Model ◽

Providencia Stuartii ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Fixed Biofilm

Kinetics of Carbon Tetrachloride biodegradation are evaluated in a continuous-flow fixed-biofilm reactor with controlled initial redox potential. The column was seeded with a mixed culture of indigenous microorganisms Pseudomonas cepacia and Providencia stuartii. The fixed biofilm reactor exhibited 98%–99.9% biodegradation of CT introduced into the reactor at an initial concentration of about 200 μg/l for retention times of 1 to 4 days respectively. Four models were employed to evaluate the kinetics of CT biodegradation. These included: Eckenfelder (1989), Arvin (1991), Bouwer and McCarty (1985) and a biphasic model. Comparison of calculated results with observed results between these models agreed very closely to each other (0.968 < R2 < 0.999). Predicted performance was best described by the model of Bouwer and McCarty (1985). However, the biphasic and Eckenfelder models provided excellent correlations and were much simpler to apply. The biphasic model yielded very good correlations of the data for all detention times evaluated; whereas, the Eckenfelder model effected comparable results only at the longer retention times studied.

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Generation and Use of Pyrylium Tetrafluoroborates in Polymerization under Continuous-Flow Conditions

Synfacts ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1720492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (05) ◽

pp. 0593

Keyword(s):

Continuous Flow ◽

Flow Conditions

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Metal–organic frameworks for the removal of the emerging contaminant atenolol under real conditions

Dalton Transactions ◽

10.1039/d0dt03637d ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (7) ◽

pp. 2493-2500

Author(s):

Sara Rojas ◽

Jorge A. R. Navarro ◽

Patricia Horcajada

Keyword(s):

Continuous Flow ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Emerging Contaminant ◽

Flow Conditions ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Fixed Bed System

A defective Metal-Organic Frameworks as an improved material for the construction of a fixed-bed system working under continuous flow conditions for the removal of the emerging contaminant atenolol.

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Formation and Utility of Reactive Ketene Intermediates Under Continuous Flow Conditions

Tetrahedron ◽

10.1016/j.tet.2021.132305 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 132305

Author(s):

Harry R. Smallman ◽

Jamie A. Leitch ◽

Tom McBride ◽

Steven V. Ley ◽

Duncan L. Browne

Keyword(s):

Continuous Flow ◽

Flow Conditions

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Achieving selectivity in porphyrin bromination through a DoE-driven optimization under continuous flow conditions

Journal of Flow Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s41981-020-00131-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Paolo Zardi ◽

Michele Maggini ◽

Tommaso Carofiglio

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Design Of Experiment ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Optimization Process ◽

Porphyrin Ring ◽

Flow Conditions ◽

Reaction Parameters ◽

Synthetic Procedure ◽

Relevant Factors ◽

Post Functionalization

AbstractThe post-functionalization of porphyrins through the bromination in β position of the pyrrolic rings is a relevant transformation because the resulting bromoderivatives are useful synthons to covalently link a variety of chemical architectures to a porphyrin ring. However, single bromination of porphyrins is a challenging reaction for the abundancy of reactive β-pyrrolic positions in the aromatic macrocycle. We herein report a synthetic procedure for the efficient preparation of 2-bromo-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (1) under continuous flow conditions. The use of flow technology allows to reach an accurate control over critical reaction parameters such as temperature and reaction time. Furthermore, by performing the optimization process through a statistical DoE (Design of Experiment) approach, these parameters could be properly adjusted with a limited number of experiments. This process led us to a better understanding of the relevant factors that govern porphyrins monobromination and to obtain compound 1 with an unprecedent 80% yield.

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High organic removal of landfill leachate using a continuous flow sequencing batch biofilm reactor (CF-SBBR) with different biocarriers

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147680 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147680

Author(s):

Nguyen Hong Dan ◽

Tran Le Luu

Keyword(s):

Landfill Leachate ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽

Organic Removal

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Comparison of the kinetics of methanol adsorption in static and continuous flow conditions on activated carbons with different burn-off degree

Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects ◽

10.1016/j.colsurfa.2003.10.025 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 232 (2-3) ◽

pp. 175-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G. Finqueneisel ◽

C. Vagner ◽

T. Zimny ◽

J.V. Weber

Keyword(s):

Continuous Flow ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Flow Conditions ◽

Methanol Adsorption ◽

Kinetics Of

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Ammonium formate as a green hydrogen source for clean semi-continuous enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of (+/−)-α-methylbenzylamine

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c4ra00462k ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (26) ◽

pp. 13620-13625 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Amanda S. de Miranda ◽

Rodrigo O. M. A. de Souza ◽

Leandro S. M. Miranda

Keyword(s):

Continuous Flow ◽

Kinetic Resolution ◽

Ammonium Formate ◽

Flow Conditions ◽

Dynamic Kinetic Resolution

The chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of (+/−)-α-methylbenzylamine under continuous flow conditions in the presence of Pd/BaSO4as racemization catalyst and ammonium formate as reductant is described.

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