scholarly journals Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis sp. in Diarrheic Pigs in Southern China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1189
Author(s):  
Pei Wang ◽  
Sen Li ◽  
Yang Zou ◽  
Zhao-Wei Hong ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Blastocystis Sp ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Fattening Pigs

Blastocystis sp. is a common pathogen that infects the intestines of humans and animals, causing a threat to public health. However, little information on the prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis sp. in diarrheic pigs in China is available. Herein, 1254 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic pigs in 37 intensive pig farms in Hunan, Jiangxi, and Fujian provinces in southern China, and the prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis sp. were investigated. Blastocystis sp. was detected by PCR assay, which amplified the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene. Overall prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was 31.4% (394/1254), including 21.5% (66/307), 33.1% (99/299), 58.9% (56/95), and 31.3% (173/553) in suckling piglets, weaned piglets, fattening pigs, and sows, respectively. Moreover, age and region factors were significantly related to prevalence of Blastocystis sp. (p < 0.05). Four Blastocystis sp. subtypes were identified, including ST1, ST3, ST5, and ST14. The preponderant subtype was ST5 (76.9%, 303/394). To our knowledge, ST14 was firstly found in pigs in China. The human-pathogenic subtypes (ST1, ST3, ST5, and ST14) that were observed in this study indicate a potential threat to public health. These findings provided a new sight for studying the genetic structure of Blastocystis sp.

The molecular evidence of Babesia microti infection in small mammals collected in Slovenia

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. DUH ◽  
M. PETROVEC ◽  
T. TRILAR ◽  
T. AVSIC-ZUPANC
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene ◽  
Yellow Necked Mouse

In Europe, the zoonotic cycle of Babesia microti has not been determined so far. Recently, B. microti was detected in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Slovenia by using molecular methods. In order to investigate the mammalian hosts of B. microti in Slovenia we collected 261 small mammals representing 11 species. They were tested for the presence of babesial parasites with a PCR assay based on the nuclear small subunit rRNA gene (nss-rDNA). The bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) and yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) were infected with B. microti. The prevalence rate was 15·9% for C. glareolus and 11·8% for A. flavicollis. Nucleotide sequences of amplified portions of B. microti nss-rDNA from C. glareolus and A. flavicollis were indistinguishable from each other and identical with those previously described in I. ricinus ticks collected in Slovenia. The results of this study represent molecular evidence of B. microti in small mammals in Europe.

scholarly journals Parabirojimia multinucleata spec. nov. and Anteholosticha scutellum (Cohn, 1866) Berger, 2003, marine ciliates (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida) from tropical waters in southern China, with notes on their small-subunit rRNA gene sequences

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangrui Chen ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
Weibo Song ◽  
Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid ◽  
Alan Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene ◽  
New Information ◽  
Modern Methods

Few studies using modern methods have been carried out on ciliated protozoa in tropical marine waters. In the present work, two hypotrichs, Parabirojimia multinucleata spec. nov. and Anteholosticha scutellum (Cohn, 1866) Berger, 2003, collected from Daya Bay in southern China, were investigated morphologically. P. multinucleata is distinguished by the following combination of characters: slender body, without a snout-like protrusion in the frontal field, and about 50 macronuclear nodules. The poorly known A. scutellum has never been investigated using modern methods; hence, a redescription is needed. During the present study, observations of specimens in vivo and following protargol impregnation revealed new information concerning structures such as the cortical granules and the infraciliature. A redescription and improved diagnosis are supplied based on the China population. The small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was sequenced for both organisms and comparisons with those of similar congeners clearly support the findings based on morphological studies.

scholarly journals Panfungal PCR Assay for Detection of Fungal Infection in Human Blood Specimens

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1169-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo-Anne Van Burik ◽  
David Myerson ◽  
Randall W. Schreckhise ◽  
Raleigh A. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Panfungal Pcr

A novel panfungal PCR assay which detects the small-subunit rRNA gene sequence of the two major fungal organism groups was used to test whole-blood specimens obtained from a series of blood or bone marrow transplant recipients. The 580-bp PCR product was identified after amplification by panfungal primers and hybridization to a 245-bp digoxigenin-labeled probe. The lower limit of detection of the assay was approximately four organisms per milliliter of blood. Multiple whole-blood specimens from five patients without fungal infection or colonization had negative PCR results. Specimens from 11 infected patients had positive PCR results. Blood from three patients with pulmonary aspergillosis had positive PCR results: one patient’s blood specimen obtained in the week prior to the diagnosis of infection by a positive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture result was positive by PCR, and blood specimens obtained from two patients 1 to 2 days after lung biopsy and which were sterile by culture were positive by PCR. The blood of four patients with candidemia, three patients with mixed fungal infections, and one patient with fusariosis also had positive PCR signals. The panfungal PCR assay can detect multiple fungal genera and may be used as an adjunct to conventional methods for the detection of fungal infection or for describing the natural history of fungal infection. Further studies are needed to define the sensitivity and specificity of this assay for the diagnosis of fungal infection prior to the existence of other clinical or laboratory indications of invasive fungal infection.

scholarly journals Development and Application of a Most-Probable-Number–PCR Assay To Quantify Flagellate Populations in Soil Samples

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1613-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Fredslund ◽  
Flemming Ekelund ◽  
Carsten Suhr Jacobsen ◽  
Kaare Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Heterotrophic Flagellates ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Soil Protozoa

ABSTRACT This paper reports on the first successful molecular detection and quantification of soil protozoa. Quantification of heterotrophic flagellates and naked amoebae in soil has traditionally relied on dilution culturing techniques, followed by most-probable-number (MPN) calculations. Such methods are biased by differences in the culturability of soil protozoa and are unable to quantify specific taxonomic groups, and the results are highly dependent on the choice of media and the skills of the microscopists. Successful detection of protozoa in soil by DNA techniques requires (i) the development and validation of DNA extraction and quantification protocols and (ii) the collection of sufficient sequence data to find specific protozoan 18S ribosomal DNA sequences. This paper describes the development of an MPN-PCR assay for detection of the common soil flagellate Heteromita globosa, using primers targeting a 700-bp sequence of the small-subunit rRNA gene. The method was tested by use of gnotobiotic laboratory microcosms with sterile tar-contaminated soil inoculated with the bacterium Pseudomonas putida OUS82 UCB55 as prey. There was satisfactory overall agreement between H. globosa population estimates obtained by the PCR assay and a conventional MPN assay in the three soils tested.

Taxonomy, morphology and phylogeny of three new oligotrich ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Oligotrichia) from southern China

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_12) ◽  
pp. 4805-4817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Zhenzhen Yi ◽  
Jiqiu Li ◽  
Alan Warren ◽  
Saleh A. Al-Farraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene ◽  
Protozoa Ciliophora

Oligotrich ciliates are common members of marine microplankton. However, their biodiversity is not well documented. In this study, the morphology and phylogenetic positions of three new oligotrich species, Spirostrombidium apourceolare spec. nov., Spirostrombidium subtropicum spec. nov. and Parallelostrombidium conicum spec. nov., collected from coastal habitats of southern China, were investigated. Spirostrombidium apourceolare is characterized by the girdle kinety which encircles the cell twice as two dextrally oriented whorls with some undulations and by the presence of several macronuclear nodules. Spirostrombidium subtropicum is recognized by the girdle kinety encircling the cell as two dextrally oriented whorls and extrusomes arranged in a stripe along the girdle kinety. Parallelostrombidium conicum differs from its congeners by the obconic body shape and the posterior portion of the girdle kinety extending downwards on the left ventral side to reach the posterior pole. In small-subunit rRNA gene trees, S. subtropicum clusters with Omegastrombidium elegans and Varistrombidium kielum, and Parallelostrombidium conicum is sister to the clade containing Novistrombidium sinicum, Novistrombidium orientale and Parallelostrombidium sp.

Two novel marine Frontonia species, Frontonia mengi spec. nov. and Frontonia magna spec. nov. (Protozoa; Ciliophora), with notes on their phylogeny based on small-subunit rRNA gene sequence data

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1476-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinpeng Fan ◽  
Xiangrui Chen ◽  
Weibo Song ◽  
Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid ◽  
Alan Warren
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene ◽  
Protozoa Ciliophora

The morphology and infraciliature of two novel marine ciliates, Frontonia mengi spec. nov. and Frontonia magna spec. nov., isolated from coastal waters in northern and southern China, respectively, were investigated using living observation and silver impregnation methods. Frontonia mengi spec. nov. is characterized by its slender body shape, with a length-to-width ratio of about 5 : 1, about 52 somatic kineties and the structure of its buccal apparatus. Frontonia magna spec. nov. can be recognized by the combination of huge body size, about 200 somatic kineties, five or six vestibular kineties and four-rowed peniculi 1–3. Phylogenetic trees based on small-subunit rRNA gene sequences were constructed by means of Bayesian inference and maximum-parsimony. Results showed that F. mengi and F. magna are sister to each other within the ‘core’ clade of Frontonia that also includes Frontonia lynni and Frontonia tchibisovae and that the genus Frontonia may be polyphyletic, because one species, Frontonia didieri, always groups with Paramecium and Apofrontonia.

Morphology, morphogenesis and small-subunit rRNA gene sequence of the novel brackish-water ciliate Strongylidium orientale sp. nov. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_3) ◽  
pp. 1155-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xumiao Chen ◽  
Miao Miao ◽  
Honggang Ma ◽  
Chen Shao ◽  
Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene

A novel stichotrich ciliate, Strongylidium orientale sp. nov., was discovered from a mangrove river in Hong Kong, southern China, and its morphology was investigated through observations in vivo and after protargol impregnation. Cells are 80–120×35–50 µm in vivo and fusiform in shape, with rounded anterior and tapered posterior ends. It is characterized by its brackish habitat and by the presence of two types of cortical granules arranged irregularly throughout the cortex. Morphogenetic events of cell division and physiological reorganization are described. The main ontogenetic features were: (i) only the posterior portion of the parental adoral zone of membranelles was renewed by dedifferentiation of the old structures; (ii) the oral primordium in the opisthe occurred apokinetally; (iii) the left and right ventral rows originated intrakinetally and the final left ventral row was spliced from two cirri from the frontoventral cirral anlage, a short cirral row from the anlage for the right ventral row and a long cirral row which was formed from the whole anlage of the left ventral row; (iv) the marginal rows developed intrakinetally; (v) the dorsal kineties replicated entirely de novo and did not fragment; and (vi) the two macronuclear nodules fused into a mass and then divided. Based on small-subunit rRNA gene sequences, phylogenetic analyses showed a close relationship with its congener Strongylidium pseudocrassum and with the genus Pseudouroleptus.

scholarly journals Sequence Variation in the Small-Subunit rRNA Gene of Plasmodium malariae and Prevalence of Isolates with the Variant Sequence in Sichuan, China

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 3378-3381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Liu ◽  
Shenghua Zhu ◽  
Sahoko Mizuno ◽  
Masatsugu Kimura ◽  
Peina Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Plasmodium Malariae ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Variant Form ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene

By two PCR-based diagnostic methods, Plasmodium malariae infections have been rediscovered at two foci in the Sichuan province of China, a region where no cases of P. malariae have been officially reported for the last 2 decades. In addition, a variant form of P. malariae which has a deletion of 19 bp and seven substitutions of base pairs in the target sequence of the small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was detected with high frequency. Alignment analysis of Plasmodium sp. SSU rRNA gene sequences revealed that the 5′ region of the variant sequence is identical to that of P. vivax or P. knowlesi and its 3′ region is identical to that of P. malariae. The same sequence variations were also found inP. malariae isolates collected along the Thai-Myanmar border, suggesting a wide distribution of this variant form from southern China to Southeast Asia.

scholarly journals Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing and Informatics as an Effective Tool to Establish the Composition of Bovine Piroplasm Populations in Endemic Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghafar ◽  
Anson V. Koehler ◽  
Ross S. Hall ◽  
Charles G. Gauci ◽  
Robin B. Gasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Tropical Theileriosis ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Protists of the genera Babesia and Theileria (piroplasms) cause some of the most prevalent and debilitating diseases for bovines worldwide. In this study, we established and used a next-generation sequencing-informatic approach to explore the composition of Babesia and Theileria populations in cattle and water buffalo in a country (Pakistan) endemic for these pathogens. We collected individual blood samples from cattle (n = 212) and water buffalo (n = 154), extracted genomic DNAs, PCR-amplified the V4 hypervariable region of 18S small subunit rRNA gene from piroplasms, sequenced amplicons using Illumina technology, and then analysed data using bioinformatic platforms. The results revealed piroplasms in 68.9% (252/366) samples, with overall occurrence being markedly higher in cattle (85.8%) than in water buffaloes (45.5%). Babesia (B.) occultans and Theileria (T.) lestoquardi-like species were recorded for the first time in Pakistan, and, overall, T. annulata was most commonly detected (65.8%) followed by B. bovis (7.1%), B. bigemina (4.4%), and T. orientalis (0.5%), with the genetic variability within B. bovis being pronounced. The occurrence and composition of piroplasm species varied markedly across different agro-ecological zones. The high detection of T. annulata in asymptomatic animals suggested a relatively high level of endemic stability of tropical theileriosis in the bovine population.

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