scholarly journals First Molecular Evidence of Pathogens in Fleas Collected from Dogs in Northern Vietnam

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1185
Author(s):  
Thom Do ◽  
Tawin Inpankaew ◽  
Duc Hieu Duong ◽  
Khanh Linh Bui
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Rickettsia Felis ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Mycoplasma Wenyonii ◽  
Wide Range

Fleas are considered as hosts for a wide range of pathogens that cause emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases worldwide. Data on fleas and flea-borne pathogens (FBPs) in the international literature are limited in Vietnam. This study aimed to investigate the species of fleas and the presence of pathogens of interest in fleas in northern Vietnam using PCR and sequence analysis. Out of 200 dogs enrolled in this study, 20% were infested by the flea species Ctenocephalides felis felis. In total, 62 fleas (35 females and 27 males) collected from domestic dogs were molecularly screened for the detection of pathogens. Out of the screened fleas, 39 were positive for Rickettsia felis (62.9%), 9 for Candidatus Mycoplasma hemobos (14.52%), and 6 for Mycoplasma wenyonii (9.68%). This study shows the first molecular detection of the above-mentioned pathogens in fleas collected from the studied areas and the potential risk of infection with examined FBPs in northern Vietnam.

scholarly journals Molecular characterisation of Leptospira strains in Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-421
Author(s):  
Muhammad Luqman Sohail ◽  
Muhammad Sarwar Khan ◽  
Muhammad Avais ◽  
Muhammad Yasir Zahoor ◽  
Irfan Khattak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Intermediate Species ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Serological Studies

Abstract Introduction: Leptospirosis affects a wide range of mammals, humans, and even a few poikilothermic animal species. In Pakistan, serological studies of equine leptospirosis have reported a prevalence of over 40%, but no study has ever been conducted towards molecular detection of Leptospira in horses. Material and Methods: Blood samples from 128 horses were screened using ELISA and 41 positive samples were examined for the presence of leptospiral DNA using specific primers for 16S rRNA gene. Results: Out of 41 tested samples, 20 samples were found to be PCR-positive, revealing a fragment of 306 bp after gel electrophoresis. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of positive samples revealed circulation of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in Pakistani horses. No evidence of circulation of intermediate species was found in this study. Conclusion: This study reports the first molecular evidence of equine leptospirosis in Pakistan and lays ground for further research in this area. It also confirms the efficiency of 16S rRNA for the diagnosis of equine leptospirosis.

scholarly journals Molecular evidence of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys and the association of infections with hematological responses in naturally infected dogs in Kalasin, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supawadee Piratae ◽  
Priyakorn Senawong ◽  
Pornchalerm Chalermchat ◽  
Warissara Harnarsa ◽  
Benjawan Sae-chue
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Anaplasma Platys ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Tick-borne bacteria, Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis are well recognized as the etiology of anemia and thrombocytopenia in dogs. The clinical signs of anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis range from asymptomatic to severe symptoms. There are insufficient studies about epidemiological surveys of these blood parasites, also the association of infections with the hematological study. Aim: This study aimed to screen A. platys and E. canis in naturally infected dogs and the effects of the infection on the levels of packed cell volume (PCV) and platelet count. Materials and Methods: A total of 68 blood samples were collected from free-roaming dogs at Nong Kung Sri district, Kalasin Province, Thailand, and examined for A. platys and E. canis infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and measured PCV levels and platelet count. Results: Using nested PCR, 42.65% of dogs were infected with one or two pathogens. The molecular detection of anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis in this population was 29.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.98-41.71) and 25% (95% CI: 14.4-35.3), respectively. Coinfection occurred at 11.8% (95% CI: 5.22-21.87). Infection with E. canis and coinfection showed significant association with PCV levels (p<0.05) while A. platys infection showed no statistical relationship. Infection with A. platys, E. canis, and coinfection had a non-significant correlation with platelet count (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study provides data of anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis in free-roaming dogs which indicated that these zoonotic diseases are widespread and require for disease frequency determination, especially in Kalasin Province of Thailand where data of tick-borne infections in dogs have not been reported.

scholarly journals A Single Adaptive Mutation in Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide Induced by Hepadnaviruses Determines Virus Species Specificity

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko S. Takeuchi ◽  
Kento Fukano ◽  
Masashi Iwamoto ◽  
Senko Tsukuda ◽  
Ryosuke Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Positive Selection ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Adaptive Mutation ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Adaptive Mutations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coevolutionary Arms Race

ABSTRACTHepatitis B virus (HBV) and its hepadnavirus relatives infect a wide range of vertebrates, from fish to human. Hepadnaviruses and their hosts have a long history of acquiring adaptive mutations. However, there are no reports providing direct molecular evidence for such a coevolutionary “arms race” between hepadnaviruses and their hosts. Here, we present evidence suggesting that the adaptive evolution of the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), an HBV receptor, has been influenced by virus infection. Evolutionary analysis of the NTCP-encoding genes from 20 mammals showed that most NTCP residues are highly conserved among species, exhibiting evolution under negative selection (dN/dSratio [ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous evolutionary changes] of <1); this observation implies that the evolution of NTCP is restricted by maintaining its original protein function. However, 0.7% of NTCP amino acid residues exhibit rapid evolution under positive selection (dN/dSratio of >1). Notably, a substitution at amino acid (aa) 158, a positively selected residue, converting the human NTCP to a monkey-type sequence abrogated the capacity to support HBV infection; conversely, a substitution at this residue converting the monkey Ntcp to the human sequence was sufficient to confer HBV susceptibility. Together, these observations suggested a close association of the aa 158 positive selection with the pressure by virus infection. Moreover, the aa 158 sequence determined attachment of the HBV envelope protein to the host cell, demonstrating the mechanism whereby HBV infection would create positive selection at this NTCP residue. In summary, we provide the first evidence in agreement with the function of hepadnavirus as a driver for inducing adaptive mutation in host receptor.IMPORTANCEHBV and its hepadnavirus relatives infect a wide range of vertebrates, with a long infectious history (hundreds of millions of years). Such a long history generally allows adaptive mutations in hosts to escape from infection while simultaneously allowing adaptive mutations in viruses to overcome host barriers. However, there is no published molecular evidence for such a coevolutionary arms race between hepadnaviruses and hosts. In the present study, we performed coevolutionary phylogenetic analysis between hepadnaviruses and the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), an HBV receptor, combined with virological experimental assays for investigating the biological significance of NTCP sequence variation. Our data provide the first molecular evidence supporting that HBV-related hepadnaviruses drive adaptive evolution in the NTCP sequence, including a mechanistic explanation of how NTCP mutations determine host viral susceptibility. Our novel insights enhance our understanding of how hepadnaviruses evolved with their hosts, permitting the acquisition of strong species specificity.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Eurasian Badgers (Meles meles) from the United Kingdom

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Lisa Guardone ◽  
Valentina Virginia Ebani ◽  
Ranieri Verin ◽  
Simona Nardoni ◽  
Antonio Consolazione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Meles Meles ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Domestic Carnivores

Arthropod-borne diseases (ABD) are of increasing interest in veterinary and public health. Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) are known to harbor a wide range of pathogens, but information on their role as ABD reservoirs and their potential epidemiological relevance is limited. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of arthropod-borne pathogens, specifically piroplasmids and the bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis and Bartonella spp., in badgers from Great Britain (GB). Blood and heart samples from 18 badgers were examined using PCR and sequencing. A neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogram was also produced. Nine animals tested positive for Babesia sp., while none of the samples was positive for the investigated bacteria. The sequences obtained clustered with other sequences of Babesia sp. from badgers from GB and elsewhere, including China, Hungary, Spain and Italy, showing a widespread distribution of this parasite in badgers. Badger-associated Babesia DNA was also found recently in a wild cat in Bosnia Herzegovina, in a wolf in Italy and in dogs in Hungary. Further investigations are needed to understand the epidemiology of this putative pathogen and its impact on the health of wild and domestic carnivores.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of Canine Filaria and Its Wolbachia Endosymbionts in Domestic Dogs Collected from Two Animal University Hospitals in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hathaithip Satjawongvanit ◽  
Atchara Phumee ◽  
Sonthaya Tiawsirisup ◽  
Sivapong Sungpradit ◽  
Narisa Brownell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
World Health ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Filarial Nematodes

Canine filariasis is caused by several nematode species, such as Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens, Brugia pahangi, Brugia malayi, and Acanthocheilonema reconditum. Zoonotic filariasis is one of the world’s neglected tropical diseases. Since 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) has promoted a global filarial eradication program to eliminate filariasis by 2020. Apart from vector control strategies, the infection control of reservoir hosts is necessary for more effective filariasis control. In addition, many studies have reported that Wolbachia is necessary for the development, reproduction, and survival of the filarial nematode. Consequently, the use of antibiotics to kill Wolbachia in nematodes has now become an alternative strategy to control filariasis. Previously, a case of subconjunctival dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria spp. has been reported in a woman who resides in the center of Bangkok, Thailand. Therefore, our study aimed to principally demonstrate the presence of filarial nematodes and Wolbachia bacteria in blood collected from domestic dogs from the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand. A total of 57 blood samples from dogs with suspected dirofilariasis who had visited veterinary clinics in Bangkok were collected. The investigations for the presence of microfilaria were carried out by using both microscopic and molecular examinations. PCR was used as the molecular detection method for the filarial nematodes based on the COI and ITS1 regions. The demonstration of Wolbachia was performed using PCR to amplify the FtsZ gene. All positive samples by PCR were then cloned and sequenced. The results showed that the filarial nematodes were detected in 16 samples (28.07%) using microscopic examinations. The molecular detection of filarial species using COI-PCR revealed that 50 samples (87.72%) were positive; these consisted of 33 (57.89%), 13 (22.81%), and 4 (7.02%) samples for D. immitis, B. pahangi, and B. malayi, respectively. While the ITS1-PCR showed that 41 samples (71.93%) were positive—30 samples (52.63%) were identified as containing D. immitis and 11 samples (19.30%) were identified to have B. pahangi, whereas B. malayi was not detected. Forty-seven samples (82.45%) were positive for Wolbachia DNA and the phylogenetic tree of all positive Wolbachia was classified into the supergroup C clade. This study has established fundamental data on filariasis associated with Wolbachia infection in domestic dogs in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. An extensive survey of dog blood samples would provide valuable epidemiologic data on potential zoonotic filariasis in Thailand. In addition, this information could be used for the future development of more effective prevention and control strategies for canine filariasis in Thailand.

Zoonoses

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
John S Mackenzie ◽  
David Williams
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Ancient Mesopotamia ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of papers included in this issue of Microbiology Australia present a broad brush of zoonotic diseases, from those known or described in ancient times such as rabies, first described in the Eshnunna cuneiform law tablets from ancient Mesopotamia dating back to the 18th–19th centuries BC, and glanders, thought to be first described in donkeys by Aristotle in Ancient Greece in 420–450 BC and subsequently by the Romans, to some discovered or recognised as zoonotic within the past 30 years, such as the recently described zoonotic bat-borne pathogens in Australia, and Clostridium difficile, only recently recognised as a zoonotic pathogen. The selection of papers also demonstrates the wide range of zoonotic origins, including arthropod-borne viruses and potentially seafood-borne parasites.

scholarly journals Use of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Flagellin Gene Typing in Identifying Clonal Groups ofCampylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Farm and Clinical Environments

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1429-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collette Fitzgerald ◽  
Karen Stanley ◽  
Sarah Andrew ◽  
Keith Jones
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Flagellin Gene ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gene Typing ◽  
Ofcampylobacter Jejuni

ABSTRACT Although campylobacters have been isolated from a wide range of animal hosts, the association between campylobacters isolated from humans and animals in the farm environment is unclear. We used flagellin gene typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to investigate the genetic diversity among isolates from animals (cattle, sheep, and turkey) in farm environments and sporadic cases of campylobacteriosis in the same geographical area. Forty-eight combinedfla types were seen among the 315 Campylobacterisolates studied. Six were found in isolates from all four hosts and represented 50% of the total number of isolates. Seventy-one differentSmaI PFGE macrorestriction profiles (mrps) were observed, with 86% of isolates assigned to one of 29 different mrps. Fifty-seven isolates from diverse hosts, times, and sources had an identicalSmaI mrp and combined fla type. Conversely, a number of genotypes were unique to a particular host. We provide molecular evidence which suggests a link between campylobacters in the farm environment with those causing disease in the community.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Rickettsia felis in Different Flea Species from Caldas, Colombia

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ramírez-Hernández ◽  
Gustavo Valbuena ◽  
Carolina Vélez ◽  
Viviana Montoya ◽  
Alejandra Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Flea Species ◽  
Rickettsia Felis

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Hepatozoon canis and Babesia canis vogeli in domestic dogs from Cuiabá, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Granziera Spolidorio ◽  
Mariana de Medeiros Torres ◽  
Wilma Neres da Silva Campos ◽  
Andréia Lima Tomé Melo ◽  
Michelle Igarashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Babesia Spp

The objective of this study was to report for the first time infection by Hepatozoon spp. and Babesia spp. in 10 dogs from the city of Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, central-western Brazil. A pair of primers that amplifies a 574 bp fragment of the 18S rRNA of Hepatozoon spp., and a pair of primers that amplifies a 551 bp fragment of the gene 18S rRNA for Babesia spp. were used. Six dogs were positive for Babesia spp., and 9 were positive for Hepatozoon spp. Co-infection of Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp. was seen in 5 dogs. Sequenced samples revealed 100% identity with B. canis vogeli, and H. canis. This is the first molecular detection of H. canis in domestic dogs from Cuiabá. Additionally, it is described for the first time the presence of B. canis vogeli circulating among dogs in Cuiabá.

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