scholarly journals Rhipicephalus sanguineus Complex in the Americas: Systematic, Genetic Diversity, and Geographic Insights

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1118
Author(s):  
Sokani Sánchez-Montes ◽  
Beatriz Salceda-Sánchez ◽  
Sergio E. Bermúdez ◽  
Gabriela Aguilar-Tipacamú ◽  
Gerardo G. Ballados-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Morphological Variants ◽  
Wide Geographic Distribution ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Group ◽  
Vectorial Competence

The Rhipicephalus sanguineus group encompasses at least 12 validated species of Palearctic and Afrotropical hard ticks, which are relevant in veterinary medicine and public health. The taxonomy of R. sanguineus s.s., has been particularly intensely debated, due to its wide geographic distribution, morphological variants, parasite-host associations, and its capacity and vectorial competence for the transmission of several pathogens. By sequencing mitochondrial markers, it was possible to identify the existence of multiple lineages, among which the Tropical and the Temperate lineages stand out, particularly in America. However, the northern limit between these lineages is not clear due to the lack of extensive sampling across Mexico. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to determine the genetic diversity and structure of the R. sanguineus group in Mexico and to compare it with the populations reported in the Americas, in order to propose the northern limit of the R. sanguineus Tropical lineage and the potential regions of sympatry with R. sanguineus s.s. The findings of this study now confirm the presence of R. sanguineus s.s. in Mexico, showing a subtle genetic structure and high genetic diversity throughout its distribution in the Americas. In contrast, the Tropical lineage seems to be genetically less diverse in its overall distribution in the Americas. The genetic diversity of these two independent lineages could have important epidemiological implications in the transmission of tick pathogens.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Structure of Latvian Tilia cordata Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Dainis Edgars Ruņģis ◽  
Baiba Krivmane
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Broadleaf Tree ◽  
Broadleaf Species

Abstract Changing climatic conditions are transforming the ecological and silvicultural roles of broadleaf tree species in northern Europe. Small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) is distributed throughout most of Europe, and is a common broadleaf species in Latvia. This species can tolerate a broad range of environmental and ecological conditions, including temperature, water availability, and soil types. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity and differentiation of Latvian T. cordata populations using nuclear microsatellite markers developed for Tilia platyphyllos. After testing of 15 microsatellite markers, Latvian T. cordata samples were genotyped at 14 micro-satellite loci. Latvian T. cordata populations had high genetic diversity, and were not overly isolated from each other, with moderate gene flow between populations. No highly differentiated populations were identified. Vegetative reproduction was identified in most analysed populations, and almost one-third of analysed individuals are of clonal origin. T. cordata has high timber production potential under the current climatic and growth conditions in Latvia, and therefore this species has potential for use in forestry, as well as playing a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and other ecosystem services.

Genetic Diversity and Structure of Iranian Horses' Population Based on Mitochondrial Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Nemat Hedayat Evrigh ◽  
Mostafa Omri ◽  
Azadeh Boustan ◽  
Reza Seyedsharifi ◽  
Vahid Vahedi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

scholarly journals Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA to Assess Genetic Diversity and Structure of NaturalCalophyllum brasiliense(Clusiaceae) Populations in Riparian Forests

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Evânia Galvão Mendonça ◽  
Anderson Marcos de Souza ◽  
Fábio de Almeida Vieira ◽  
Regiane Abjaud Estopa ◽  
Cristiane Aparecida Fioravante Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Kinship Coefficients

The objective of this study was to assess the genetic variability in two natural populations ofCalophyllum brasilienselocated along two different rivers in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, using RAPD molecular markers. Eighty-two polymorphic fragments were amplified using 27 primers. The values obtained for Shannon index (I) were 0.513 and 0.530 for the populations located on the margins of the Rio Grande and Rio das Mortes, respectively, demonstrating the high genetic diversity in the studied populations. Nei’s genetic diversity (He) was 0.341 for the Rio Grande population and 0.357 for the Rio das Mortes population. These results were not significantly different between populations and suggest a large proportion of heterozygote individuals within both populations. AMOVA showed that 70.42% of the genetic variability is found within populations and 29.58% is found among populations (ФST=0.2958). The analysis of kinship coefficients detected the existence of family structures in both populations. Average kinship coefficients between neighboring individuals were 0.053 (P<0.001) in Rio das Mortes and 0.040 (P<0.001) in Rio Grande. This could be due to restricted pollen and seed dispersal and the history of anthropogenic disturbance in the area. These factors are likely to contribute to the relatedness observed among these genotypes.

scholarly journals Population genetics of the freshwater fish Prochilodus magdalenae (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae), using species-specific microsatellite loci

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10327
Author(s):  
Ricardo M. Landínez-García ◽  
Juan Carlos Narváez ◽  
Edna J. Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Genetic Stocks ◽  
Species Specific

Prochilodus magdalenae is a freshwater fish endemic to the Colombian Magdalena-Cauca and Caribbean hydrographic basins. The genetic structure patterns of populations of different members of Prochilodus and the historic restocking of its depleted natural populations suggest that P. magdalenae exhibits genetic stocks that coexist and co-migrate throughout the rivers Magdalena, Cauca, Cesar, Sinú and Atrato. To test this hypothesis and explore the levels of genetic diversity and population demography of 725 samples of P. magdalenae from the studied rivers, we developed a set of 11 species-specific microsatellite loci using next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics, and experimental tests of the levels of diversity of the microsatellite loci. The results evidenced that P. magdalenae exhibits high genetic diversity, significant inbreeding coefficient ranging from 0.162 to 0.202, and signs of erosion of the genetic pool. Additionally, the population genetic structure constitutes a mixture of genetic stocks heterogeneously distributed along the studied rivers, and moreover, a highly divergent genetic stock was detected in Chucurí, Puerto Berrío and Palagua that may result from restocking practices. This study provides molecular tools and a wide framework regarding the genetic diversity and structure of P. magdalenae, which is crucial to complement its baseline information, diagnosis and monitoring of populations, and to support the implementation of adequate regulation, management, and conservation policies.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Structure in RegionalCercospora beticolaPopulations fromBeta vulgarissubsp.vulgarisSuggest Two Clusters of Separate Origin

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1280-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel L. Knight ◽  
Niloofar Vaghefi ◽  
Julie R. Kikkert ◽  
Melvin D. Bolton ◽  
Gary A. Secor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New York ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Population Origin ◽  
Geographic Regions

Cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora beticola, is a highly destructive disease of Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris worldwide. C. beticola populations are usually characterized by high genetic diversity, but little is known of the relationships among populations from different production regions around the world. This information would be informative of population origin and potential pathways for pathogen movement. For the current study, the genetic diversity, differentiation, and relationships among 948 C. beticola isolates in 28 populations across eight geographic regions were investigated using 12 microsatellite markers. Genotypic diversity, as measured by Simpson’s complement index, ranged from 0.18 to 1.00, while pairwise index of differentiation values ranged from 0.02 to 0.42, with the greatest differentiation detected between two New York populations. In these populations, evidence for recent expansion was detected. Assessment of population structure identified two major clusters: the first associated with New York, and the second with Canada, Chile, Eurasia, Hawaii, Michigan, North Dakota, and one population from New York. Inferences of gene flow among these regions suggested that the source for one cluster likely is Eurasia, whereas the source for the other cluster is not known. These results suggest a shared origin of C. beticola populations across regions, except for part of New York, where population divergence has occurred. These findings support the hypothesis that dispersal of C. beticola occurs over long distances.

scholarly journals Estimating the genetic diversity and structure of Quercus trojana Webb populations in Italy by SSRs: implications for management and conservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Carabeo ◽  
Marco Cosimo Simeone ◽  
Marcello Cherubini ◽  
Chiara Mattia ◽  
Francesca Chiocchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Fragmented Distribution ◽  
Management And Conservation

Studying the genetic diversity and structure of the current forest populations is essential for evaluating the ability to survive future biotic and abiotic changes and planning conservation strategies. Quercus trojana Webb is an eastern Mediterranean tree species with a fragmented distribution range, and its westernmost outposts are located in southern Italy. The demand for timber and cropland over the centuries has severely reduced its occurrence in this part of the range. We assessed the genetic diversity and structure of the extant Italian populations of Q. trojana and derived conservation guidelines. A total of 322 samples were genotyped with six polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers. A high genetic diversity in all populations, two main gene pools, and a highly divergent single population were observed. Based on the allelic richness and heterozygosity estimation, we identified populations that can be considered as valuable source material for conservation programs and those requiring adequate measures to reestablish gene flow and reduce fragmentation. Finally, a comparison with a set of eastern Mediterranean samples indicated a relationship between the Italian and the Greek gene pools. The need to protect these marginal, disjunct populations was further reinforced.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity ofEchinococcus granulosusin Southwest China Determined by the Mitochondrial NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 Gene

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahai Wang ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Dandan Hu ◽  
Xiuqin Zhong ◽  
Shuxian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

We evaluated genetic diversity and structure ofEchinococcus granulosusby analyzing the complete mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene in 51 isolates ofE. granulosus sensu strictometacestodes collected at three locations in this region. We detected 19 haplotypes, which formed a distinct clade with the standard sheep strain (G1). Hence, all 51 isolates were identified asE. granulosus sensu stricto(G1–G3). Genetic relationships among haplotypes were not associated with geographical divisions, and fixation indices (Fst) among sampling localities were low. Hence, regional populations ofE. granulosusin the southwest China are not differentiated, as gene flow among them remains high. This information is important for formulating unified region-wide prevention and control measures. We found large negative Fu’s Fs and Tajima’sDvalues and a unimodal mismatch distribution, indicating that the population has undergone a demographic expansion. We observed high genetic diversity among theE. granulosus s. s.isolates, indicating that the parasite population in this important bioregion is genetically robust and likely to survive and spread. The data from this study will prove valuable for future studies focusing on improving diagnosis and prevention methods and developing robust control strategies.

scholarly journals The Chilean Strawberry [Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch.]: Genetic Diversity and Structure

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basilio Carrasco ◽  
Marcelo Garcés ◽  
Pamela Rojas ◽  
Guillermo Saud ◽  
Raúl Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
The Impact

The chilean strawberry displays high fruit quality and tolerance to abiotic and biotic factors. Additionally, this species has a rich cultural history going back for at least several thousand years in association with aboriginal people activities and continues at a reduced level today. After its introduction to Europe during the 18th century, it formed an interspecific hybrid to become the maternal species of the commercial strawberry, Fragaria ×ananassa Duch. The objectives of the current investigation were to determine the level and patterns of partitioning of intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) diversity. ISSR markers were used to assess the genetic diversity in 216 accessions of F. chiloensis, which represented the two botanical forms present in Chile [F. chiloensis ssp. chiloensis f. chiloensis and F. chiloensis ssp. chiloensis f. patagonica (L.) Duch.]. Our results showed high genetic diversity at the species level [polymorphic ISSR loci (P) = 89.6%, gene diversity (h) = 0.24 ± 0.17, Shannon's index (S) = 0.37 ± 0.24] and a lower genetic diversity in f. chiloensis than f. patagonica. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed a moderate genetic differentiation among accessions (φst = 14.9%). No geographic patterns for ISSR diversity were observed. AMOVA, structure, and discriminant analysis indicated that accessions tend to group by botanical form. The impact of domestication on the genetic structure of chilean strawberry and its application to breeding and conservation are discussed.

scholarly journals Brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) high genetic diversity around the Tyrrhenian Sea as revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial markers

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 826 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Berrebi ◽  
V. Caputo Barucchi ◽  
A. Splendiani ◽  
S. Muracciole ◽  
A. Sabatini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta
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