scholarly journals Advances in SIV/SHIV Non-Human Primate Models of NeuroAIDS

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Sonia Moretti ◽  
Sara Virtuoso ◽  
Leonardo Sernicola ◽  
Stefania Farcomeni ◽  
Maria Teresa Maggiorella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Relevant Model ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapies ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Human Primate

Non-human primates (NHPs) are the most relevant model of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and neuroAIDS, being of great importance in explaining the pathogenesis of HIV-induced nervous system damage. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)/ Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV)-infected monkeys have provided evidence of complex interactions between the virus and host that include host immune response, viral genetic diversity, and genetic susceptibility, which may explain virus-associated central nervous system (CNS) pathology and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). In this article, we review the recent progress contributions obtained using monkey models of HIV infection of the CNS, neuropathogenesis and SIV encephalitis (SIVE), with an emphasis on pharmacologic therapies and dependable markers that predict development of CNS AIDS.

Gastric Toxoplasmosis in a Patient With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 732-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Ganji ◽  
Ailyn Tan ◽  
Michael I. Maitar ◽  
C. Michael Weldon-Linne ◽  
Elliot Weisenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Gastric Biopsy ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract Toxoplasmosis is a common opportunistic pathogen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It usually presents with ocular, central nervous system, or pulmonary disease. Gastric toxoplasmosis is uncommon in AIDS patients, especially in the absence of central nervous system manifestations. In the few reported cases, patients have presented with abdominal pain and other digestive complaints that usually are attributed to the more common gastrointestinal manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection. We describe a 49-year-old man with AIDS who presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea, dry cough, and systemic symptoms and was diagnosed with toxoplasmosis by a gastric biopsy.

scholarly journals Lectins as Promising Therapeutics for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV and Other Potential Coinfections

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Mazalovska ◽  
J. Calvin Kouokam
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Global Health Problem

Human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a global health problem. Current therapeutics specifically target the viral pathogen at various stages of its life cycle, although complex interactions between HIV and other pathogenic organisms are evident. Targeting HIV and concomitant infectious pathogens simultaneously, both by therapeutic regimens and in prevention strategies, would help contain the AIDS pandemic. Lectins, a ubiquitous group of proteins that specifically bind glycosylated molecules, are interesting compounds that could be used for this purpose, with demonstrated anti-HIV properties. In addition, potential coinfecting pathogens, including other enveloped viruses, bacteria, yeasts and fungi, and protozoa, display sugar-coated macromolecules on their surfaces, making them potential targets of lectins. This review summarizes the currently available findings suggesting that lectins should be further developed to simultaneously fight the AIDS pandemic and concomitant infections in HIV infected individuals.

Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Tentang Hiv/Aids Di Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nur Syamsi NL
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) adalah syndrom yang timbul akibat adanya virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia. HIV/AIDS dapat menular melalui darah, sperma, cairan vagina, dan ASI (Air Susu Ibu). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar yang terletak di jalan Bung lorong 2, Kelurahan Tamalanrea, Kecamatan Tamalanrea Jaya, Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Besarnya sampel yang digunakan adalah 30 responden dari 600 populasi yang dipilih secara Total Sampling. Di mana dalam pengambilan data digunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden. Dari keseluruhan responden didapatkan tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar yang diteliti didapat 15 mahasiswa (50%) yang tingkat pengetahuan baik tentang HIV/AIDS dan terdapat 14 mahasiswa (46,7%) yang tingkat pengetahuan cukup tentang HIV/AID dan terdapat 1 mahasiswa (3,3%) yang tingkat pengetahuan kurang tentang HIV/AIDS

Bacillary Angiomatosis: A Unique Cutaneous Complication of Hiv Infection

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Joan Lipa ◽  
Walter Peters ◽  
Victor Fornasier ◽  
Benjamin Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Bacillary Angiomatosis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Erythromycin Therapy

As the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases, so does the recognition of unusual manifestations of this syndrome. This study describes two patients who presented with a unique, rare, cutaneous manifestion of HIV infection. One patient developed an aggressive atypical cellulitis and ascending lymphangitis of the hand, which failed to improve following multiple courses of several different antibiotics. The other patient presented with multiple, vascular, nodular lesions, clinically resembling Kaposi's sarcoma. Routine biopsies and wound cultures were not helpful for diagnosis. A definitive diagnosis of bacillary angiomatosis (BA) was made using a special silver-staining (Warthin-Starry) histological technique and electron microscopy. Both patients responded completely to oral erythromycin therapy. BA is a newly recognized bacterial infection caused by bacteria of the genus Bartonella. It is seen primarily in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and less commonly in patients with other immunosuppressed conditions. The term BA describes the lesion's pathogenesis (infective-bacillary) and clinico-histology (angiomatosis). The causal organism cannot be cultured reliably and is resistant to most antibiotics. This study reviews these two patients, the differential diagnosis of BA, specific confirmatory tests used in diagnosis, and the treatment outcome of this condition. It is important for the plastic surgeon to understand BA, because it can resemble other common presentations, but it can also be associated with internal involvement leading to mortality. However, when recognized, it can usually be cured by oral erythromycin therapy (500 mg qid) for several weeks.

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