scholarly journals First Report of Blood Fluke Pathogens with Potential Risk for Emerging Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) Aquaculture on the Chilean Coast, with Descriptions of Two New Species of Paradeontacylix (Aporocotylidae)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Fabiola A. Sepúlveda ◽  
Luis A. Ñacari ◽  
Maria Teresa González
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Blood Fluke ◽  
Blood Flukes ◽  
Southeastern Pacific ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Yellowtail Kingfish ◽  
Seriola Lalandi

Blood flukes are digeneans that infect wild and farmed fish that can cause a severe and potentially lethal disease in farmed fish. These parasites are undetectable in the larval stage based on macroscopic observations in the definitive host with the infection becoming evident when eggs accumulate in the branchial vessels. There are nine known species of the genus Paradeontacylix and seven exclusively parasitize Seriola spp. from several geographical areas. Seriola lalandi aquaculture farms are emerging at various localities in northern Chile. Here, we report, for the first time, two blood fluke species parasitizing S. lalandi in the Southeastern Pacific (Chile). In the laboratory, the gills and heart of fish were removed. The retained blood flukes were separated according to the infection site, fixed in 70% or 95% ethanol for taxonomic and molecular analysis, respectively. Morphometrical differences among the fluke species were evaluated with a principal component analysis (PCA) using proportional body measurements. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on 28S rDNA, cox1 mDNA using Bayesian inference (BI), and maximum likelihood (ML). Based on morphology, morphometry, and molecular analyses, two new species are proposed: P. humboldti n. sp. from the gills and P. olivai n. sp. from the heart of S. lalandi. Both were clearly distinguished from other species of Paradeontacylix by a combination of morphologic features (posterior tegumental spines, testes arrangement, body size). The genetic distance (based on cox1) among species was >10%. P. humboldti n. sp. and P. olivai n. sp. are sister species (with a common ancestor) independent of P. godfreyi from S. lalandi in Australia. The newly identified parasites may pose a risk to farmed S. lalandi as aporocotylids have been the cause of diseases in farmed fish from other geographical areas. In addition, some cages of S. lalandi are currently maintained in an open circulating system, which could favor the transmission of these parasites (if involved hosts are present in the environment).

scholarly journals Antibiotic-induced alterations and repopulation dynamics of yellowtail kingfish microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Philippe Raymond Albert Legrand ◽  
Sarah R. Catalano ◽  
Melissa L. Wos-Oxley ◽  
James W. Wynne ◽  
Laura S. Weyrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Infection Treatment ◽  
Yellowtail Kingfish ◽  
Seriola Lalandi ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Background The use of antibiotics in aquaculture is a common infection treatment and is increasing in some sectors and jurisdictions. While antibiotic treatment can negatively shift gut bacterial communities, recovery and examination of these communities in fish of commercial importance is not well documented. Examining the impacts of antibiotics on farmed fish microbiota is fundamental for improving our understanding and management of healthy farmed fish. This work assessed yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) skin and gut bacterial communities after an oral antibiotic combination therapy in poor performing fish that displayed signs of enteritis over an 18-day period. In an attempt to promote improved bacterial re-establishment after antibiotic treatment, faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was also administered via gavage or in the surrounding seawater, and its affect was evaluated over 15 days post-delivery. Results Antibiotic treatment greatly perturbed the global gut bacterial communities of poor-performing fish – an effect that lasted for up to 18 days post treatment. This perturbation was marked by a significant decrease in species diversity and evenness, as well as a concomitant increase in particular taxa like an uncultured Mycoplasmataceae sp., which persisted and dominated antibiotic-treated fish for the entire 18-day period. The skin-associated bacterial communities were also perturbed by the antibiotic treatment, notably within the first 3 days; however, this was unlike the gut, as skin microbiota appeared to shift towards a more ‘normal’ (though disparate) state after 5 days post antibiotic treatment. FMT was only able to modulate the impacts of antibiotics in some individuals for a short time period, as the magnitude of change varied substantially between individuals. Some fish maintained certain transplanted gut taxa (i.e. present in the FMT inoculum; namely various Aliivibrio related ASVs) at Day 2 post FMT, although these were lost by Day 8 post FMT. Conclusion As we observed notable, prolonged perturbations induced by antibiotics on the gut bacterial assemblages, further work is required to better understand the processes/dynamics of their re-establishment following antibiotic exposure. In this regard, procedures like FMT represent a novel approach for promoting improved microbial recovery, although their efficacy and the factors that support their success requires further investigation.

Two new species of lizards from the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Patagonia

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3120 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA FLORENCIA BREITMAN ◽  
MICAELA PARRA ◽  
CRISTIAN HERNÁN FULVIO PÉREZ ◽  
JACK WALTER SITES, JR.
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Southern Patagonia ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Genetic Characters

Two new species of the lineomaculatus clade of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section are described from southern Patagonia in Argentina. Liolaemus morandae sp. nov. is found in S Chubut province and Liolaemus avilae sp. nov. inhabits NW Santa Cruz province. Several tests were performed to diagnose these new species as distinct lineages. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant function analysis (DFA), non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance (NPMANOVA), as well as a genetic characterization through molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA) were performed; genetic distances between described and these new species are reported. The new Liolaemus species differ from other members of the lineomaculatus group in morphometric, meristic, qualitative and genetic characters; moreover they inhabit different phytogeographical provinces and districts. With these descriptions, the number of species now recognized in the lineomaculatus section is twenty one (including one more description that is in press).

scholarly journals Microendemicity in the northern Hajar Mountains of Oman and the United Arab Emirates with the description of two new species of geckos of the genusAsaccus(Squamata: Phyllodactylidae)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Carranza ◽  
Marc Simó-Riudalbas ◽  
Sithum Jayasinghe ◽  
Thomas Wilms ◽  
Johannes Els
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Haplotype Networks ◽  
Two New Species

BackgroundThe Hajar Mountains of Oman and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is the highest mountain range in Eastern Arabia. As a result of their old geological origin, geographical isolation, complex topography and local climate, these mountains provide an important refuge for endemic and relict species of plants and animals with strong Indo-Iranian affinities. Among vertebrates, the rock climbing nocturnal geckos of the genusAsaccusrepresent the genus with the highest number of endemic species in the Hajar Mountains. Recent taxonomic studies on the Zagros populations ofAsaccushave shown that this genus is much richer than it was previously thought and preliminary morphological and molecular data suggest that its diversity in Arabia may also be underestimated.MethodsA total of 83 specimens originally classified asAsaccus caudivolvulus(including specimens of the two new species described herein), six otherAsaccusspecies from the Hajar and the Zagros Mountains and two representatives of the genusHaemodraconwere sequenced for up to 2,311 base pairs including the mitochondrial12Sandcytband the nuclearc-mos,MC1RandACM4genes. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using both Bayesian and maximum-likelihood approaches and the former method was also used to calibrate the phylogenetic tree. Haplotype networks and phylogenetic trees were inferred from the phased nuclear genes only. Sixty-one alcohol-preserved adult specimens originally classified asAsaccus caudivolvulusfrom the northern Hajar Mountains were examined for 13 morphometric and the five meristic variables using multivariate methods and were also used to diagnose and describe the two new species.ResultsThe results of the molecular and morphological analyses indicate that the species originally classified asAsaccus caudivolvulusis, in fact, an assemblage of three different species that started diversifying during the Mid-Miocene. The molecular phylogenies consistently recovered the Hajar endemicA. montanusas sister taxon to all the otherAsaccusspecies included in the analyses, rendering the Arabian species ofAsaccuspolyphyletic.DiscussionUsing this integrative approach we have uncovered a very old diversification event that has resulted in a case of microendemicity, where three morphologically and ecologically similar medium-sized lizard species coexist in a very short and narrow mountain stretch.Asaccus caudivolvulusis restricted to a small coastal area of the UAE and at risk from heavy development, while the two new species described herein are widely distributed across the northern tip of the Hajar Mountains and seem to segregate in altitude when found in close proximity in the Musandam Peninsula (Oman). Similarly to other integrative analyses of Hajar reptiles, this study highlights the high level of diversity and endemicity of this arid mountain range, underscoring its status as one of the top hotspots of reptile diversity in Arabia.

scholarly journals Two novel species of subgenus Russula crown clade (Russulales, Basidiomycota) from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 15-33
Author(s):  
Yu Song ◽  
Xiu-Chao Xie ◽  
Bart Buyck
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Two New Species

Two novel species of Russula (Russulaceae, Russulales), R. coronaspora Y.Song sp. nov.and R. minor Y.Song sp. nov. belonging to subgenus Russula crown clade, are described based onboth morphological and phylogenetic evidence. In morphology, R. coronaspora sp. nov. is mainlycharacterized by its distinct spores ornamented with sparse, cylindrical and isolated spines, whichresemble coronavirus, and gelatinized pileipellis with pileocystidia mostly septate and sometimesbranched; R. minor sp. nov. possesses a very small basidiocarp with pileus less than 2.5 cm in diameter.,small basidia, easily peeling and gelatinized pileipellis with slender terminal cells and abundant SV+pileocystidia. Positions of the two new species in both phylogenetic trees based on ITS and 5-locussequences (nLSU, mtSSU, rpb1, rpb2 and tef1) confirm their distinct taxonomic status.

scholarly journals Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau: a mycological hotspot

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 523 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
NALIN N. WIJAYAWARDENE ◽  
LAKMALI S. DISSANAYAKE ◽  
DONG-QI DAI ◽  
QI-RUI LI ◽  
YUANPIN XIAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
New Records ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Guizhou Plateau

Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces (Yungui Plateau) in Southwestern China are well known as biodiversity hotspots. We introduce two new species in this study viz., Mucispora hydei (in Fuscosporellaceae, Fuscosporellales, Sordariomycetes) and Tolypocladium cucullae (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes) and six new records based on morpho-molecular analyses. Full descriptions, color photographs and phylogenetic trees to indicate the placements of new species are provided.

Two new species in the annelid genus Stygocapitella (Orbiniida, Parergodrilidae) with comments on their biogeography

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4286 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
TORSTEN H. STRUCK ◽  
JENS KOCZULA ◽  
DAVE STATECZNY ◽  
CHRISTIAN MEYER ◽  
GÜNTER PURSCHKE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
European Population ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Limited Dispersal

Many interstitial species with limited dispersal capacity are in fact complexes of cryptic species showing a seemingly cosmopolitan distribution. The interstitial annelid Stygocapitella subterranea (Orbiniida, Parergodrilidae) is such a complex with populations in Northern America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand and a tropical distribution gap. Herein we present new records of Stygocapitella from South Africa, which is morphologically substantially different from S. subterranea. Additionally, using specimens from both hemispheres and morphological, nuclear and mitochondrial data as well as principal component analyses and a newly developed measurement for morphological disparity we show furthermore that the cryptic species complex of S. subterranea is not as cryptic as assumed as the Australian populations are morphologically and genetically different from the European population. Hence, we herein describe two new species, S. minuta and S. australis, within this complex from the Southern hemisphere. Additionally, we assigned a neotype for S. subterranea. This increases numbers of species known for Stygocapitella from one to three and for Parergodrilidae from two to four. Moreover, our results support an origin of this species complex on the Southern hemisphere and that both the split of S. minuta from the other two and S. subterranea from S. australis was several tens of millions years ago. Hence, the distribution of this complex was not driven by recent events, but rather it represents a strong case of decelerated morphological evolution as only slight differences in the morphology could be observed after all. 

Species of Agaricus section Agaricus from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 452 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
AN-QI LIU ◽  
RONG-CHUN DAI ◽  
MING-ZHE ZHANG ◽  
BIN CAO ◽  
YA-LI XI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Two New Species

Agaricus section Agaricus is generally recognized as a monophyletic group. In this study, 28 specimens of this section were collected from five provinces of China. Phylogenetic trees were produced based on the ITS sequences using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Based on this phylogenetic approach combined with their morphological examination, five species are identified including two new species named as A. jilinensis and A. zhangyensis, and three new recorded species from China, A. aristocratus, A. griseicephalus and A. argenteus. All species were described and illustrated in detail.

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