scholarly journals Immune-Modulatory Effects upon Oral Application of Cumin-Essential-Oil to Mice Suffering from Acute Campylobacteriosis

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Soraya Mousavi ◽  
Dennis Weschka ◽  
Stefan Bereswill ◽  
Markus Heimesaat
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Human Campylobacteriosis

Human campylobacteriosis, commonly caused by Campylobacter jejuni, is a food-borne infection with rising prevalence causing significant health and socioeconomic burdens worldwide. Given the threat from emerging antimicrobial resistances, the treatment of infectious diseases with antibiotics-independent natural compounds is utmost appreciated. Since the health-beneficial effects of cumin-essential-oil (EO) have been known for centuries, its potential anti-pathogenic and immune-modulatory effects during acute experimental campylobacteriosis were addressed in the present study. Therefore, C. jejuni-challenged secondary abiotic IL-10-/- mice were treated perorally with either cumin-EO or placebo starting on day 2 post-infection. On day 6 post-infection, cumin-EO treated mice harbored lower ileal pathogen numbers and exhibited a better clinical outcome when compared to placebo controls. Furthermore, cumin-EO treatment alleviated enteropathogen-induced apoptotic cell responses in colonic epithelia. Whereas, on day 6 post-infection, a dampened secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide and IFN-γ to basal levels, could be assessed in mesenteric lymph nodes of cumin-EO treated mice, systemic MCP-1 concentrations were elevated in placebo counterparts only. In conclusion, our preclinical intervention study provides first evidence for promising immune-modulatory effects of cumin-EO in the combat of human campylobacteriosis. Future studies should address antimicrobial and immune-modulatory effects of natural compounds as adjunct antibiotics-independent treatment option for infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Peroral Clove Essential Oil Treatment Ameliorates Acute Campylobacteriosis—Results from a Preclinical Murine Intervention Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Stefan Bereswill ◽  
Soraya Mousavi ◽  
Dennis Weschka ◽  
Agnes Buczkowski ◽  
Sebastian Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Intestinal Pathogen ◽  
Clove Essential Oil ◽  
Placebo Cohort

Campylobacter (C.) jejuni infections pose progressively emerging threats to human health worldwide. Given the rise in antibiotic resistance, antibiotics-independent options are required to fight campylobacteriosis. Since the health-beneficial effects of clove have been known for long, we here analyzed the antimicrobial and immune-modulatory effects of clove essential oil (EO) during acute experimental campylobacteriosis. Therefore, microbiota-depleted interleukin-10 deficient (IL-10−/−) mice were perorally infected with C. jejuni and treated with clove EO via drinking water starting on day 2 post-infection. On day 6 post-infection, lower small- and large-intestinal pathogen loads could be assessed in clove EO as compared to placebo treated mice. Although placebo mice suffered from severe campylobacteriosis as indicated by wasting and bloody diarrhea, clove EO treatment resulted in a better clinical outcome and in less severe colonic histopathological and apoptotic cell responses in C. jejuni infected mice. Furthermore, lower colonic numbers of macrophages, monocytes, and T lymphocytes were detected in mice from the verum versus the placebo cohort that were accompanied by lower intestinal, extra-intestinal, and even systemic proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. In conclusion, our preclinical intervention study provides first evidence that the natural compound clove EO constitutes a promising antibiotics-independent treatment option of acute campylobacteriosis in humans.

scholarly journals Precursor abundance influences divergent antigen specific CD8+ T cell responses after Yersinia pseudotuberculosis foodborne infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Zhijuan Qiu ◽  
Brian Sheridan ◽  
James B. Bliska
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Foodborne Infection

Primary infection of C57BL/6 mice with the bacterial pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis elicits an unusually large H-2Kb-restricted CD8+ T cell response to the endogenous and protective bacterial epitope YopE69-77. To better understand the basis for this large response, the model OVA257-264 epitope was inserted into YopE in Y. pseudotuberculosis and antigen specific CD8+ T cells in mice were characterized after foodborne infection with the resulting strain. The epitope YopE69-77 elicited significantly larger CD8+ T cell populations in the small intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), spleen and liver between 7- and 30-days post infection, despite residing in the same protein and having a similar affinity for H-2Kb as OVA257-264. YopE-specific CD8+ T cell precursors were ~4.6 times as abundant as OVA-specific precursors in the MLNs, spleen and other lymph nodes of naïve mice, explaining the dominance of YopE69-77 over OVA257-264 at early infection times. However, other factors contributed to this dominance as the ratio of YopE-specific to OVA-specific CD8+ T cells increased between 7- and 30-days post infection. We also compared the YopE-specific and OVA-specific CD8+ T cells generated during infection for effector and memory phenotypes. Significantly higher percentages of YopE-specific cells were characterized as short short-lived effectors while higher percentages of OVA-specific cells were memory precursor effectors at day 30 post infection in spleen and liver. Our results suggest that a large precursor number contributes to the dominance and effector and memory functions of CD8+ T cells generated to the protective YopE69-77 epitope during Y. pseudotuberculosis infection of C57BL/6 mice.

scholarly journals Precursor abundance influences divergent antigen specific CD8+ T cell responses after Yersinia pseudotuberculosis foodborne infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Zhijuan Qiu ◽  
Brian S. Sheridan ◽  
James B. Bliska
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Foodborne Infection

Primary infection of C57BL/6 mice with the bacterial pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis elicits an unusually large H-2Kb-restricted CD8+ T cell response to the endogenous and protective bacterial epitope YopE69-77. To better understand the basis for this large response, the model OVA257-264 epitope was inserted into YopE in Y. pseudotuberculosis and antigen specific CD8+ T cells in mice were characterized after foodborne infection with the resulting strain. The epitope YopE69-77 elicited significantly larger CD8+ T cell populations in the small intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), spleen and liver between 7- and 30-days post infection, despite residing in the same protein and having a similar affinity for H-2Kb as OVA257-264. YopE-specific CD8+ T cell precursors were ∼4.6 times as abundant as OVA-specific precursors in the MLNs, spleen and other lymph nodes of naïve mice, explaining the dominance of YopE69-77 over OVA257-264 at early infection times. However, other factors contributed to this dominance as the ratio of YopE-specific to OVA-specific CD8+ T cells increased between 7- and 30-days post infection. We also compared the YopE-specific and OVA-specific CD8+ T cells generated during infection for effector and memory phenotypes. Significantly higher percentages of YopE-specific cells were characterized as short short-lived effectors while higher percentages of OVA-specific cells were memory precursor effectors at day 30 post infection in spleen and liver. Our results suggest that a large precursor number contributes to the dominance and effector and memory functions of CD8+ T cells generated to the protective YopE69-77 epitope during Y. pseudotuberculosis infection of C57BL/6 mice.

Beneficial effects of natural compounds on experimental liver ischemia-reperfusion injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Dossi ◽  
Romina Vargas ◽  
Rodrigo Valenzuela ◽  
Luis Videla
Keyword(s):  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Liver Ischemia ◽  
Hepatic Surgery ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Liver

Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a phenomenon inherent to hepatic surgery that severely compromises the organ functionality, whose underlying mechanisms involve cellular and molecular interrelated processes leading to the development...

scholarly journals The Effects of Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Natural Compounds on Homocysteine

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3081
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Atazadegan ◽  
Mohammad Bagherniya ◽  
Gholamreza Askari ◽  
Aida Tasbandi ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Background: Among non-communicable diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in global communities. By 2030, CVD-related deaths are projected to reach a global rise of 25 million. Obesity, smoking, alcohol, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hyperhomocysteinemia are several known risk factors for CVDs. Elevated homocysteine is tightly related to CVDs through multiple mechanisms, including inflammation of the vascular endothelium. The strategies for appropriate management of CVDs are constantly evolving; medicinal plants have received remarkable attention in recent researches, since these natural products have promising effects on the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases. The effects of nutraceuticals and herbal products on CVD/dyslipidemia have been previously studied. However, to our knowledge, the association between herbal bioactive compounds and homocysteine has not been reviewed in details. Thus, the main objective of this study is to review the efficacy of bioactive natural compounds on homocysteine levels according to clinical trials and animal studies. Results: Based on animal studies, black and green tea, cinnamon, resveratrol, curcumin, garlic extract, ginger, and soy significantly reduced the homocysteine levels. According to the clinical trials, curcumin and resveratrol showed favorable effects on serum homocysteine. In conclusion, this review highlighted the beneficial effects of medicinal plants as natural, inexpensive, and accessible agents on homocysteine levels based on animal studies. Nevertheless, the results of the clinical trials were not uniform, suggesting that more well-designed trials are warranted.

scholarly journals The Effects of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction, Cynara cardunculus, and Olea europea L. Extract on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2158
Author(s):  
Jessica Maiuolo ◽  
Irene Bava ◽  
Cristina Carresi ◽  
Micaela Gliozzi ◽  
Vincenzo Musolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Protein Response

Doxorubicin is an anthracycline that is commonly used as a chemotherapy drug due to its cytotoxic effects. The clinical use of doxorubicin is limited due to its known cardiotoxic effects. Treatment with anthracyclines causes heart failure in 15–17% of patients, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, intracellular calcium dysregulation, the deterioration of the cardiomyocyte structure, and apoptotic cell death. Polyphenols have a wide range of beneficial properties, and particular importance is given to Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction; Oleuropein, one of the main polyphenolic compounds of olive oil; and Cynara cardunculus extract. These natural compounds have particular beneficial characteristics, owing to their high polyphenol contents. Among these, their antioxidant and antoproliferative properties are the most important. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of these three plant derivatives using an in vitro model of cardiotoxicity induced by the treatment of rat embryonic cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) with doxorubicin. The biological mechanisms involved and the crosstalk existing between the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum were examined. Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction, Oleuropein, and Cynara cardunculus extract were able to decrease the damage induced by exposure to doxorubicin. In particular, these natural compounds were found to reduce cell mortality and oxidative damage, increase the lipid content, and decrease the concentration of calcium ions that escaped from the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, the direct involvement of this cellular organelle was demonstrated by silencing the ATF6 arm of the Unfolded Protein Response, which was activated after treatment with doxorubicin.

Prevalence of Linguatula sp., a food-borne zoonotic aberrant arthropod, in river buffaloes slaughtered at Tabriz slaughterhouse, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Hajipour ◽  
Jennifer Ketzis ◽  
Parviz Hassanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Significant Statistical Association ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Canids and herbivores are the definitive and intermediate hosts of Linguatula sp., respectively. Methods Mesenteric lymph nodes (n=32 525) were randomly collected from 7585 buffaloes from July 2016 to July 2019 and examined macroscopically. Results Results showed that 388 (5.11%) buffaloes were infected. The intensity of infection was determined to be 3.07±0.07. Significant statistical association was identified between infection rate and age and sex. Although there were no significant differences in the infection rate over different seasons, the highest infection rate was observed in autumn. Conclusions These data highlight the importance of inspection at slaughter.

Cytotoxic T Cell Responses against Mesothelioma by Apoptotic Cell-pulsed Dendritic Cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 169 (12) ◽  
pp. 1322-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Ebstein ◽  
Carole Sapede ◽  
Pierre-Joseph Royer ◽  
Marie Marcq ◽  
Catherine Ligeza-Poisson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell Responses
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