scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Bovine Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II DRB3 Alleles for Perinatal Transmission of Bovine Leukemia Virus

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Liushiqi Borjigin ◽  
Chieh-Wen Lo ◽  
Lanlan Bai ◽  
Rania Hamada ◽  
Hirotaka Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Transmission Frequency ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Cattle Herds

Perinatal transmission plays a critical role in the spread of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in cattle herds. In the Holstein breed, we previously identified BLV resistant and susceptible bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 alleles, including BoLA-DRB3*009:02 and *014:01:01 with a low BLV proviral load (PVL), and *015:01 and *012:01 with a high PVL. Here, we evaluated the perinatal BLV transmission risk in dams with different BoLA-DRB3 alleles. BoLA-DRB3 alleles of 120 dam-calf pairs from five dairy farms in Japan were identified; their PVL was quantified using the BLV-Coordination of Common Motifs (CoCoMo)-qPCR-2 assay. Ninety-six dams were BLV-positive, and 29 gave birth to BLV-infected calves. Perinatal transmission frequency was 19% in dams with resistant alleles suppressed to a low PVL level, and 38% and 25% in dams with susceptible and neutral alleles that maintained high PVL levels, respectively. Notably, all calves with resistant alleles were BLV free, whereas 30% of calves with susceptible genes were infected. Thus, vertical transmission risk was extremely lower for dams and calves with resistant alleles compared to those with susceptible alleles. Our results can inform the development of effective BLV eradication programs under field conditions by providing necessary data to allow for optimal selection of dams for breeding.

scholarly journals El componente racial influencia la resistencia a la infección con el virus de la leucosis bovina

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Úsuga-Monroy ◽  
José Julian Echeverri ◽  
Albeiro López-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

The bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that primarily affects dairy cattle, reducing milk production between 2.5 and 5%. The Colombian Blanco Orejinegro (BON) is a well-adapted, rustic, creole breed resistant to in vitro infections of Foot-and-mouth disease virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, as well as to Brucella abortus. This study aimed to determine if the crossing of BON and Holstein breeds is resistant to infection by BLV. Blood samples of 124 individuals (59 Holstein, 40 BON, and 25 BON x HOL) of the same herd were taken. The DNA was extracted, and a nested PCR was performed related to a region of the env gene of BLV. A fragment of 444 bp was obtained for positives animals. The molecular in-herd prevalence was 33% for BLV. A significant difference for BLV infection was found among the groups (p<0.05). The infection rate for the Holstein group was 55.9%, for BON cattle 5%, and for BON x HOL cattle 24%. The latter showed a reduction in the infection rate of 32% to the Holstein breed, which can be attributed to the presence of resistance genes in the BON breed. It was found that the level of infection is lower in BON x HOL cattle in contrast with Holstein dairy cows.

Vertical transmission of bovine leukemia virus and bovine immunodeficiency virus in dairy cattle herds

2002 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sothy Meas ◽  
Tatsufumi Usui ◽  
Kazuhiko Ohashi ◽  
Chihiro Sugimoto ◽  
Misao Onuma
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cattle Herds

scholarly journals Implication of the cellular factor CTCF in the regulation of Bovine Leukemia Virus latency and tridimensional chromatin organization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Rodari ◽  
Maxime Bellefroid ◽  
Mathilde Galais ◽  
Peter H.L. Krijger ◽  
Lorena Nestola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Integration Site ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chromatin Organization ◽  
Ctcf Binding ◽  
Virus Latency ◽  
Ltr Promoter

ABSTRACTBovine Leukemia Virus (BLV)-induced tumoral development is a multifactorial phenomenon which remains largely unelucidated. Here, we highlighted the critical role of the cellular CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) both in the regulation of BLV transcriptional activities and in the deregulation of the tridimensional (3D) chromatin architecture surrounding the BLV integration site. We demonstrated the in vivo recruitment of CTCF to three conserved CTCF binding motifs along the BLV provirus. Next, we showed a critical role for CTCF in delimitating the epigenetic landscape along the BLV provirus as well as to repress the 5’Long Terminal Repeat (LTR) promoter activity, thereby contributing to viral latency, while favoring the 3’LTR promoter activity. Finally, we demonstrated that BLV integration deregulated host cellular 3D chromatin organization through the formation of abnormal viral/host chromatin loops. Altogether, our results highlight CTCF as a new critical effector of BLV transcriptional regulation and BLV-induced physiopathology.

Identification of bovine leukocyte antigen class II haplotypes associated with variations in bovine leukemia virus proviral load in Japanese Black cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Miyasaka ◽  
S.-n. Takeshima ◽  
M. Jimba ◽  
Y. Matsumoto ◽  
N. Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Proviral Load ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Japanese Black Cattle ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen

scholarly journals Suppression of Viral Gene Expression in Bovine Leukemia Virus-Associated B-Cell Malignancy: Interplay of Epigenetic Modifications Leading to Chromatin with a Repressive Histone Code

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 5929-5939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makram Merimi ◽  
Pavel Klener ◽  
Maud Szynal ◽  
Yvette Cleuter ◽  
Pierre Kerkhofs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Trichostatin A ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Viral Expression

ABSTRACT Ovine leukemia/lymphoma resulting from bovine leukemia virus infection of sheep offers a large animal model for studying mechanisms underlying leukemogenesis. Silencing of viral information including Tax, the major contributor to the oncogenic potential of the virus, is critical if not mandatory for tumor progression. In this study, we have identified epigenetic mechanisms that govern the complete suppression of viral expression, using a lymphoma-derived B-cell clone carrying a silent provirus. Silencing was not relieved by injection of the malignant B cells into sheep. However, exogenous expression of Tax or treatment with either the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5′azacytidine or the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A rescued viral expression, as demonstrated by in vivo infectivity trials. Comparing silent and reactivated provirus, we found mechanistic connections between chromatin conformation and tumor-associated transcriptional repression. Silencing is associated with DNA methylation and decreased accessibility of promoter sequences. HDAC1 and the transcriptional corepressor mSin3A are associated with the inactive but not the reactivated promoter. Silencing correlates with a repressed chromatin structure marked by histone H3 and H4 hypoacetylation, a loss of methylation at H3 lysine 4, and an increase of H3 lysine 9 methylation. These observations point to the critical role of epigenetic mechanisms in tumor-specific virus/oncogene silencing, a potential strategy to evade immune response and favor the propagation of the transformed cell.

scholarly journals The role of neighboring infected cattle in bovine leukemia virus transmission risk

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 861-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sota KOBAYASHI ◽  
Toshiyuki TSUTSUI ◽  
Takehisa YAMAMOTO ◽  
Yoko HAYAMA ◽  
Norihiko MUROGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Infected Cattle

scholarly journals Phenotypic Selection of Dairy Cattle Infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus Demonstrates Immunogenetic Resilience through NGS-Based Genotyping of BoLA MHC Class II Genes

Pathogens ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Chaelynne E. Lohr ◽  
Kelly R. B. Sporer ◽  
Kelsey A. Brigham ◽  
Laura A. Pavliscak ◽  
Matelyn M. Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Mhc Class Ii ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Proviral Load ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Study Population

Characterization of the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) DRB3 gene has shown that specific alleles associate with susceptibility or resilience to the progression of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), measured by proviral load (PVL). Through surveillance of multi-farm BLV eradication field trials, we observed differential phenotypes within seropositive cows that persist from months to years. We sought to develop a multiplex next-generation sequencing workflow (NGS-SBT) capable of genotyping 384 samples per run to assess the relationship between BLV phenotype and two BoLA genes. We utilized longitudinal results from milk ELISA screening and subsequent blood collections on seropositive cows for PVL determination using a novel BLV proviral load multiplex qPCR assay to phenotype the cows. Repeated diagnostic observations defined two distinct phenotypes in our study population, ELISA-positive cows that do not harbor detectable levels of provirus and those who do have persistent proviral loads. In total, 565 cows from nine Midwest dairy farms were selected for NGS-SBT, with 558 cows: 168 BLV susceptible (ELISA-positive/PVL-positive) and 390 BLV resilient (ELISA-positive/PVL-negative) successfully genotyped. Three BoLA-DRB3 alleles, including one novel allele, were shown to associate with disease resilience, *009:02, *044:01, and *048:02 were found at rates of 97.5%, 86.5%, and 90.3%, respectively, within the phenotypically resilient population. Alternatively, DRB3*015:01 and *027:03, both known to associate with disease progression, were found at rates of 81.1% and 92.3%, respectively, within the susceptible population. This study helps solidify the immunogenetic relationship between BoLA-DRB3 alleles and BLV infection status of these two phenotypic groupings of US dairy cattle.

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