scholarly journals First Evidence of Ehrlichia minasensis Infection in Horses from Brazil

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia S. Muraro ◽  
Aneliza de O. Souza ◽  
Tamyres N. S. Leite ◽  
Stefhano L. Cândido ◽  
Andréia L. T. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hematological Manifestations ◽  
Veterinary Hospital ◽  
Serological Diagnostics

The genus Ehrlichia includes tick-borne bacterial pathogens affecting humans, domestic and wild mammals. Ehrlichia minasensis has been identified in different animal species and geographical locations, suggesting that this is a widely distributed and generalist Ehrlichia. In the present study, we evaluated Ehrlichial infection in 148 Equidae presented to the Medical Clinic Department of a Veterinary Hospital from a midwestern region of Brazil. Blood samples and ticks collected from the animals were tested by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the presence of Ehrlichia spp. A multigenic approach including Anaplasmataceae-specific (i.e., 16S rRNA, groEL, gltA) and Ehrlichia-specific (i.e., dsb and trp36) genes was used for accurate bacteria identification. Sera samples were also collected and evaluated for the detection of anti-Ehrlichia antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA). Possible associations between molecular and serological diagnostics and clinical and hematological manifestations were tested using chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests. Sequence analysis of the dsb fragment revealed that three horses (2.03%) were exposed to E. minasensis. Sixty-one (41.2%) Equidae (58 equines and three mules), were seropositive for Ehrlichia spp., with antibody titers ranging between 40 and 2560. Seropositivity to ehrlichial antigens was statistically associated with tick infestation, rural origin, hypoalbuminemia and hyperproteinemia (p ≤ 0.05). The present study reports the first evidence of natural infection by E. minasensis in horses from Brazil.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test for Diagnosis of Genital Herpes

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 053-056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vrushali Patwardhan ◽  
Preena Bhalla ◽  
Deepti Rawat ◽  
Vijay Kumar Garg ◽  
Kabir Sardana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genital Herpes ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Genital Ulcer ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Direct Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Simplex Virus

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare laboratory tests that can simultaneously detect and type herpes simplex virus (HSV) directly from the genital ulcer specimens in clinically suspected cases of genital herpes. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted over 10 months and 44 adult male and female patients clinically suspected with genital herpes were recruited. Genital ulcer swab specimens were subjected to glycoprotein-G gene-based conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and commercially available direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test and the results were compared. Results: PCR for HSV was positive in 82% (36/44) cases. DFA was positive in 68.2% (30/44) cases. There was 100% agreement between HSV types detected by DFA and PCR. The strength of agreement between the results was better in primary genital herpes than recurrent cases. Conclusion: PCR was found to be better in the detection of HSV in recurrent genital herpes patients. It is a better modality, especially when genital herpes clinically presents with ulcerative or crusted lesions, and is also a cheaper alternative as compared to DFA.

scholarly journals Detection of Neospora caninum Infection in Aborted Equine Fetuses in Israel

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz ◽  
Lea Mimoun ◽  
Gili Schvartz ◽  
Sharon Tirosh-Levy ◽  
Igor Savitzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Parasite Detection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Equine Abortion

In horses, Neospora caninum and Neospora hughesi have been associated with fetal loss, and neurological disease, respectively. This study investigated the role of Neospora spp. infection in equine abortion in Israel. The presence of anti-Neospora spp. antibodies was evaluated in 31 aborting mares by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and the presence of parasite DNA in their aborted fetuses was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using two target loci (ITS1 and Nc5). The seroprevalence found in aborting mares was 70.9% and the prevalence by DNA detection in the aborted fetuses was 41.9%. Transplacental transmission from positive mares to their fetuses was 45.4% (10/22), while 33.3% (3/9) of fetuses of seronegative mares also tested positive for Neospora. The use of two PCR targets improved the sensitivity of parasite detection, and positive samples were identified by sequence analyses as N. caninum. These finding suggest that N. caninum could be a significant cause of abortion in horses, and that transplacental transmission in horses is an important way of transmission of N.caninum. The results presented here demonstrated the necessity to use several tests concurrently, including serological and molecular assays in order to confirm the involvement of Neospora in mare abortions.

scholarly journals Hematological values associated to the serological and molecular diagnostic in cats suspected of Ehrlichia canisinfection

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
ísis Assis Braga ◽  
Luana Gabriela Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Andréia Lima Tomé Melo ◽  
Felipe Wolf Jaune ◽  
Thaysa Felfili Ziliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Veterinary Hospital ◽  
Hematological Alterations

The literature contains several studies on feline ehrlichiosis. However, information about the characteristics of Ehrlichiainfection in cats is still scanty. This study evaluated the association between Ehrlichia spp. infection and the hematologic data of 93 cats treated at the Federal University of Mato Grosso Veterinary Hospital in Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The presence of or exposure to Ehrlichia spp. infection was evaluated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the dsb and 16S rRNA gene of Ehrlichia, and by detection of anti-Ehrlichia canis IgG antibodies in Indirect Fluorescence Assay (IFA), respectively. Eight (8.6%) cats tested positive by PCR and the partial DNA sequence obtained from PCR products was a 100% match to E. canis. Forty-two (45.1%) cats showed antibody reactivity against Ehrlichia spp. Hematological alterations such as low erythrocyte count, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia and monocytosis were observed in PCR positive cats. Among them, low erythrocyte counts were associated with IgG antibody titers of 40 to 640 and five cats also tested positive by PCR. Furthermore, PCR-positive cats showed a tendency to be lymphopenic. No correlation was found between age and sex, and no ticks were observed in any of the examined cats.

scholarly journals Sporadic case of bat rabies in the United Kingdom

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Fooks ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Sporadic Case ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Myotis Daubentonii ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Communicable Disease Report ◽  
Bat Rabies

On 28 September 2002 a sporadic case of a lyssavirus in a Daubenton’s bat (Myotis daubentonii) was detected in the United Kingdom (UK) using the fluorescent antibody test, as reported in this week’s Communicable Disease Report (1). Further tests on the bat sample were performed, including a rabies tissue culture inoculation test and pan lyssavirus polymerase chain reaction. These confirmed the presence of a lyssavirus.

scholarly journals An Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test for the Detection of Antibody to Swine Infertility and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Swine Sera

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
In J. Yoon ◽  
Han S. Joo ◽  
William T. Christianson ◽  
Hyun S. Kim ◽  
James E. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Time Of Infection

An indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test was developed and standardized to detect and quantitate antibody for swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS) virus in swine sera. Test results were evaluated using sera of pigs infected both experimentally and naturally with SIRS virus. The IFA test used swine alveolar macrophage (SAM) monolayers prepared in 96-well microplates and infected with SIRS virus. The monolayers were incubated with test sera, washed, and stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled rabbit anti-swine IgG. After another wash step, the monolayers were examined under a fluorescent microscope. A noninfected SAM control well was included for each sample. The antibody titers for each serum sample were recorded as the highest serum dilutions with specific cytoplasmic fluorescence but no fluorescence in the control wells. To evaluate the test, sera of 4 6-week-old pigs that had been infected with SIRS virus, 2 contact pigs, and 13 experimentally infected sows were used. In the experimentally infected pigs, antibody was first detected at 7 days postexposure (PE) and peaked (1:256–1,024) between 11 and 21 days PE. All 13 sow sera were negative at time of infection but were positive (1:64-> 1: 1,024) at 14–26 days PE. Seven hundred twenty sera collected from 25 different swine farms with or without a history of SIRS were also tested. Of 344 sera from 15 swine farms with a clinical history of SIRS, 257 (74.7%) sera had IFA titers ≥ 1:4, whereas 371 (98.7%) of 376 sera from herds with no history of SIRS were negative. The present results indicate that the IFA is a useful test for the detection and quantitation of SIRS virus antibody in swine sera.

scholarly journals Occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul R. Ribeiro ◽  
Manoel E. Silva ◽  
Sydnei M. Silva ◽  
Gustavo O. Fulgêncio ◽  
Hilda F.J. Pena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Chagasi ◽  
Clinical Forms ◽  
Antibody Titers

Uninfected dogs and those naturally infected with Leishmania chagasi exhibiting different clinical forms of disease were evaluated for the presence of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Blood samples were collected from 110 mongrel dogs. Sera were tested using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), and the animals with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) (n=60) were classified clinically. Out of the 110 sera investigated, 5 (4.5%) were positive for N. caninum (IFAT>50) and 36 (32.7%) for T. gondii (IFAT>16). Anti-L. chagasi antibody titers in asymptomatic dogs (n=10) were found to be significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in oligosymptomatic ones (n=22), which were in turn significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in symptomatic ones (n=28). No association between Leishmania and N. caninum infections was observed. Among dogs infected with L. chagasi, a tendency (P=0.053) towards an association between the infection with T. gondii and the appearance of VL symptoms was observed, suggesting that the clinical manifestation of VL in dogs may enhance their susceptibility to T. gondii. The possible influence of the immunosuppressive status of canine leishmaniasis in the different clinical forms of the disease is discussed.

scholarly journals Neospora caninum in properties in the west region of Paraná, Brazil: prevalence and risk factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Snak ◽  
Felipe Gustavo Garcia ◽  
Arielle Aparecida Lara ◽  
Hilda Fátima Jesus Pena ◽  
Silvia Cristina Osaki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Region ◽  
Bovine Fetuses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Neospora caninum is a heteroxenous protozoa, whose definitive hosts are canids and intermediate hosts are herbivores, and is of great importance in cattle. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of N. caninum in dairy cattle and dogs, to detect the presence of the protozoa at the molecular level in aborted fetuses, and to identify the risk factors associated with infection in properties in the western region of the state of Paraná. For this study, 600 bovine serum samples from 60 properties, 163 canine serum samples from 52 properties and 17 bovine fetuses from nine properties were collected. Data were collected using an epidemiological questionnaire to verify the risk factors. Serum samples were analyzed using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Fetal tissues were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction and subsequent DNA sequencing. Of the bovine samples, 23.67% were positive for N. caninum. Among the canine samples, 11.66% were positive for N. caninum. Risk factors in cattle were history of abortion, low milk production, extensive breeding, and Jersey breed (p<0.05). Protozoan DNA was detected in 52.94% of the 17 fetuses and the sequencing presented high similarity with N. caninum.

scholarly journals Experimental infection with Neospora caninum in pregnant bitches

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guacyara Tenorio Cavalcante ◽  
Rodrigo Martins Soares ◽  
Sandra Mayumi Nishi ◽  
Stéfano Carlo Filippo Hagen ◽  
Camila Infantoni Vannucchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In this study, transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in bitches at different stages of pregnancy was evaluated. Three bitches were inoculated in the 3rd week and three in the 6th week of gestation with 10(8) tachyzoites of N. caninum (Nc-1 strain). All the infected bitches and at least one of their offspring presented anti-N. caninum antibodies according to the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT > 400). The pups and their mothers were sacrificed and tissues from the central nervous system (CNS), popliteal lymph nodes, skeletal muscle, brain, lungs, heart and liver were analyzed for the presence of N. caninum using the nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The parasite was found in the pups in lymph node, CNS, heart and liver tissues using nested PCR. There was no difference in perinatal mortality between the offspring from bitches infected in the 3rd week of gestation (60%) and in the 6th week (53.8%).

scholarly journals Detection of multiple strains of rabies virus RNA using primers designed to target Mexican vampire bat variants

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. LOZA-RUBIO ◽  
E. ROJAS-ANAYA ◽  
V. M. BANDA-RUÍZ ◽  
S. A. NADIN-DAVIS ◽  
B. CORTEZ-GARCÍA
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Vampire Bat

A reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), that uses primers specifically designed to amplify a portion of the N gene of vampire bat strains of rabies that circulate in Mexico, but also recognizing most of the rabies variants circulating in endemic areas, was established. This standardized PCR assay was able to detect viral RNA in tenfold serial dilutions up to a 107 dilution using stock virus at an original titre of 107·5 LD50. The assay was highly specific for rabies virus. Forty different rabies isolates recovered from different species and geographical regions in the country were diagnosed as positive and negative by the fluorescent antibody test (FAT). These same samples were re-examined by both PCR and the mouse inoculation test (MIT). Compared with MIT the PCR exhibited an epidemiological sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 91% while its positive predictive value was 96%.

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