scholarly journals Microbiota and Drug Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Martina Franzin ◽  
Katja Stefančič ◽  
Marianna Lucafò ◽  
Giuliana Decorti ◽  
Gabriele Stocco
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Biologic Drugs ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

A mutualistic relationship between the composition, function and activity of the gut microbiota (GM) and the host exists, and the alteration of GM, sometimes referred as dysbiosis, is involved in various immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accumulating evidence suggests that the GM is able to influence the efficacy of the pharmacological therapy of IBD and to predict whether individuals will respond to treatment. Additionally, the drugs used to treat IBD can modualate the microbial composition. The review aims to investigate the impact of the GM on the pharmacological therapy of IBD and vice versa. The GM resulted in an increase or decrease in therapeutic responses to treatment, but also to biotransform drugs to toxic metabolites. In particular, the baseline GM composition can help to predict if patients will respond to the IBD treatment with biologic drugs. On the other hand, drugs can affect the GM by incrementing or reducing its diversity and richness. Therefore, the relationship between the GM and drugs used in the treatment of IBD can be either beneficial or disadvantageous.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Role of ACE2, the Binding Receptor for SARS-CoV-2, in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1787-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Ferreira-Duarte ◽  
Maria Manuela Estevinho ◽  
Margarida Duarte-Araújo ◽  
Fernando Magro ◽  
Manuela Morato
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Biologic Drugs ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Expression Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been highlighted for its role as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. This review summarizes current knowledge about ACE2 as a multifunctional protein, focusing on its relevance in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As an enzyme, ACE2 may be protective in IBD because it favors the counter-regulatory arm of the renin-angiotensin system or deleterious because it metabolizes other anti-inflammatory/repairing elements. Meanwhile, as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, the impact of ACE2 expression/activity on infection is still under debate because no direct evidence has been reported and, again, both protective and deleterious pathways are possible. Research has shown that ACE2 regulates the expression of the neutral amino acid transporter B0AT1, controlling tryptophan-associated intestinal inflammation and nutritional status. Finally, intact membrane-bound or shed soluble ACE2 can also trigger integrin signaling, modulating the response to anti-integrin biologic drugs used to treat IBD (such as vedolizumab) and fibrosis, a long-term complication of IBD. As such, future studies on ACE2 expression/activity in IBD can improve monitoring of the disease and explore an alternative pharmacological target.

scholarly journals The Impact of Human Herpesviruses in Clinical Practice of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Era of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1870
Author(s):  
Shuhei Hosomi ◽  
Yu Nishida ◽  
Yasuhiro Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Human Herpesviruses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hsv 1

Human herpesviruses (HHVs): herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8, are known to be part of a family of DNA viruses that cause several diseases in humans. In clinical practice of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the complication of CMV enterocolitis, which is caused by CMV reactivation under disruption of intestinal barrier function, inflammation, or strong immunosuppressive therapy, is well known to affect the prognosis of disease. However, the relationship between other HHVs and IBD remains unclear. In the transplantation field, reactivation of other viruses, such as HHV-6, could cause colitis under immunosuppressed condition. Recent research revealed that combined infection of some HHVs could be a risk factor for colectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis. This suggests that it would be important to clarify HHV behavior in the treatment for patients with IBD, especially in those under immunosuppressive therapies. Looking at the relationship with recently emerged novel coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2), there are reports describe that SARS-CoV-2 might induce reactivation of HSV-1, EBV, VZV (herpes zoster), and HHV-6/7. If SARS-CoV-2 infection becomes common, vigilance against HHV reactivation may become more crucial. In this review, we discuss the impact of HHVs in clinical practice of inflammatory bowel diseases, especially during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

scholarly journals OP10 IgA coating of intestinal microbiota is associated with inflammatory bowel disease in twin pairs discordant for inflammatory bowel disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S010-S011
Author(s):  
E Brand ◽  
Y Laenen ◽  
F van Wijk ◽  
M de Zoete ◽  
B Oldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to result from an interplay between microbiota, the immune system and the environment in genetically susceptible hosts. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) produced by the immune system can be specifically directed against bacteria. The IgA-coating pattern of intestinal bacteria thus reflects interactions between the immune system and specific bacteria. Studying IBD in twins, concordant and discordant for IBD, reduces the impact of genetic predisposition and childhood exposures and therefore offers the unique opportunity to focus on other factors such as intestinal microbiota composition and immune-interactions in IBD. Methods Faecal samples from twin pairs discordant for Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were collected. Employing fluorescence-activated cell sorting, IgA+ and IgA− bacteria from the intestinal microbiota were sorted. Subsequently, (1) the total, (2) IgA+ and (3) IgA− microbial composition was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing (IgA-SEQ). We estimated the relative IgA coating per bacterial species by dividing the abundance of that species in the IgA+ fraction over the abundance in the IgA- fraction, representing the IgA coating index. Linear discriminant analyses were performed with LefSE. Results We included 31 twin pairs (62 individuals) discordant for IBD (CD: 15, UC: 16). 15/32 twin pairs were monozygotic, 43/62 of participants were female, the median age was 47 years (interquartile range: 34–58.5). Of 31 participants with IBD, 7 had signs of active inflammation based on endoscopy, Harvey–Bradshaw index or short clinical colitis activity index. Differences (log-linear discriminant analysis score >3) in the microbial composition of IgA-coated bacteria were observed between CD patients and their twin-siblings not affected by IBD: Dorea formicigenerans (increased in IgA coating), Parabacteroides sp., Christensenellaceae sp., Clostridium sp. and Mollicutes RF39 sp. (decreased in IgA coating). In ulcerative colitis patients, an increase in IgA-coating was observed for Ruminococcus gnavus and Dorea formicigenerans, while Turicibacter sp., Barnesiellaceae sp. and an unclassified Clostridiales sp. were decreased in IgA-coating compared with their twin-siblings not affected by IBD. Conclusion In twins affected by IBD, the pattern of IgA-coated bacteria differs between IBD and non-IBD affected individuals. These data on immune-bacteria interactions could serve as a starting point for the elucidation of the immune-responses triggered by specific bacteria in IBD.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Marine-Derived Robust Biological Molecules to Manage Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Leonardo Vieira Nunes ◽  
Marco Thúlio Saviatto Duarte ◽  
Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira ◽  
Renato Nery Soriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Biological Entities ◽  
The Impact

Naturally occurring biological entities with extractable and tunable structural and functional characteristics, along with therapeutic attributes, are of supreme interest for strengthening the twenty-first-century biomedical settings. Irrespective of ongoing technological and clinical advancement, traditional medicinal practices to address and manage inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are inefficient and the effect of the administered therapeutic cues is limited. The reasonable immune response or invasion should also be circumvented for successful clinical translation of engineered cues as highly efficient and robust bioactive entities. In this context, research is underway worldwide, and researchers have redirected or regained their interests in valorizing the naturally occurring biological entities/resources, for example, algal biome so-called “treasure of untouched or underexploited sources”. Algal biome from the marine environment is an immense source of excellence that has also been demonstrated as a source of bioactive compounds with unique chemical, structural, and functional features. Moreover, the molecular modeling and synthesis of new drugs based on marine-derived therapeutic and biological cues can show greater efficacy and specificity for the therapeutics. Herein, an effort has been made to cover the existing literature gap on the exploitation of naturally occurring biological entities/resources to address and efficiently manage IBD. Following a brief background study, a focus was given to design characteristics, performance evaluation of engineered cues, and point-of-care IBD therapeutics of diverse bioactive compounds from the algal biome. Noteworthy potentialities of marine-derived biologically active compounds have also been spotlighted to underlying the impact role of bio-active elements with the related pathways. The current review is also focused on the applied standpoint and clinical translation of marine-derived bioactive compounds. Furthermore, a detailed overview of clinical applications and future perspectives are also given in this review.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis, assessment and management of children with inflammatory bowel disease in the UK: implications for practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000786
Author(s):  
Abbie Maclean ◽  
James J Ashton ◽  
Vikki Garrick ◽  
R Mark Beattie ◽  
Richard Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
The Impact

The assessment and management of patients with known, or suspected, paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has been hugely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although current evidence of the impact of COVID-19 infection in children with PIBD has provided a degree of reassurance, there continues to be the potential for significant secondary harm caused by the changes to normal working practices and reorganisation of services.Disruption to the normal running of diagnostic and assessment procedures, such as endoscopy, has resulted in the potential for secondary harm to patients including delayed diagnosis and delay in treatment. Difficult management decisions have been made in order to minimise COVID-19 risk for this patient group while avoiding harm. Initiating and continuing immunosuppressive and biological therapies in the absence of normal surveillance and diagnostic procedures have posed many challenges.Despite this, changes to working practices, including virtual clinic appointments, home faecal calprotectin testing kits and continued intensive support from clinical nurse specialists and other members of the multidisciplinary team, have resulted in patients still receiving a high standard of care, with those who require face-to-face intervention being highlighted.These changes have the potential to revolutionise the way in which patients receive routine care in the future, with the inclusion of telemedicine increasingly attractive for stable patients. There is also the need to use lessons learnt from this pandemic to plan for a possible second wave, or future pandemics as well as implementing some permanent changes to normal working practices.In this review, we describe the diagnosis, management and direct impact of COVID-19 in paediatric patients with IBD. We summarise the guidance and describe the implemented changes, evolving evidence and the implications of this virus on paediatric patients with IBD and working practices.

scholarly journals The Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada 2018: IBD in Seniors

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S68-S72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C Nguyen ◽  
Laura E Targownik ◽  
Harminder Singh ◽  
Eric I Benchimol ◽  
Alain Bitton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Transition Readiness and Stress on Patient-Centered Outcomes in Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Rhodes ◽  
Jean T. Walker ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Kayla L. Carr ◽  
Karen P. Winters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Transition Readiness ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact
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