scholarly journals Diagnostic Practices and Treatment for P. vivax in the InterEthnic Therapeutic Encounter of South-Central Vietnam: A Mixed-Methods Study

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Thuan Thi Nguyen ◽  
Xa Xuan Nguyen ◽  
Maya Ronse ◽  
Quynh Truc Nguyen ◽  
Phuc Quang Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Diagnostic Practices ◽  
South Central ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Therapeutic Encounter ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region is challenged by a rising proportion of malaria attributable to P. vivax. Primaquine (PQ) is effective in eliminating the parasite’s dormant liver stages and can prevent relapsing infections, but it induces severe haemolysis in patients with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, highlighting the importance of testing enzyme activity prior to treatment. A mixed-method study was conducted in south-central Vietnam to explore the factors that affect acceptability of G6PD testing, treatment-seeking behaviors, and adherence to current regimens. The majority of respondents (75.7%) were unaware of the different parasite species and rather differentiated malaria by perceived severity. People sought a diagnosis if suspected of malaria fever but not if they perceived their fevers as mild. Most respondents agreed to take prescribed medication to treat asymptomatic infection (94.1%) and to continue medication even if they felt better (91.5%). Health professionals did not have G6PD diagnostic tools nor the means to prescribe PQ safely. Adherence to treatment was linked to trust in public providers, who were perceived to make therapeutic decisions in the interest of the patient. Greater focus on providing acceptable ways of assessing G6PD deficiency will be needed to ensure the timely elimination of malaria in Vietnam.

Molecular Characterization of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in the Shenzhen Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jian Gao ◽  
Sheng Lin ◽  
Shiguo Chen ◽  
Qunyan Wu ◽  
Kaifeng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
G6pd Gene ◽  
Mutation System ◽  
Hotspot Mutations ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Generation Sequencing

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is caused by one or more mutations in the G6PD gene on chromosome X. This study aimed to characterize the G6PD gene variant distribution in Shenzhen of Guangdong province. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 33,562 individuals were selected at the hospital for retrospective analysis, of which 1,213 cases with enzymatic activity-confirmed G6PD deficiency were screened for G6PD gene variants. Amplification refractory mutation system PCR was first used to screen the 6 dominant mutants in the Chinese population (c.1376G&#x3e;T, c.1388G&#x3e;A, c.95A&#x3e;G, c.1024C&#x3e;T, c.392G&#x3e;T, and c.871G&#x3e;A). If the 6 hotspot variants were not found, next-generation sequencing was then performed. Finally, Sanger sequencing was used to verify all the mutations. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The incidence of G6PD deficiency in this study was 3.54%. A total of 26 kinds of mutants were found in the coding region, except for c.-8-624T&#x3e;C, which was in the noncoding region. c.1376G&#x3e;T and c.1388G&#x3e;A, both located in exon 12, were the top 2 mutants, accounting for 68.43% of all individuals. The 6 hotspot mutations had a cumulative proportion of 94.02%. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study provided detailed characteristics of G6PD gene variants in Shenzhen, and the results would be valuable to enrich the knowledge of G6PD deficiency.

scholarly journals G6PD deficiency among malaria-infected national groups at the western part of Myanmar with implications for primaquine use in malaria elimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Thwe Han ◽  
Zay Yar Han ◽  
Kyin Hla Aye ◽  
Khin Thet Wai ◽  
Aung Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Readiness Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) plays a central role in readiness assessment for malaria elimination in Myanmar by 2030 that includes primaquine (PQ) use. The risk of hemolysis in G6PDd individuals hampers the widespread use of primaquine safely in malaria-infected patients. In the pre-elimination era, it is important to screen initially for asymptomatic malaria in combination with G6PD deficiency by applying more sensitive diagnostic tools. Therefore, this study examined the proportion of G6PDd and the distribution of G6PD genotypes among malaria-infected national groups in Myanmar before initiation of malaria elimination strategies. Methods A cross-sectional study in one township each with high malaria burden from two states in the western part of Myanmar, was conducted during 2016-2018, and 320 participants (164 Rakhine and 156 Chin National groups) were recruited. We used RDT and ultrasensitive polymerase chain reaction (us PCR) method to confirm malaria infection, and a G6PD RDT(CareStart) to detect G6PDd and PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method to confirm the variant of G6PDd for genotyping. G6PD enzyme activity was measured by G6PD Biosensor (CareStart). Results Malaria positivity rates detected by RDT were lower than those detected by us PCR in the combined samples [13% (42/320) vs. 21% (67/320)] as well as in the Rakhine samples [17% (28/164) vs. 25% (41/164)] and in Chin samples [9% (14/156) vs. 17% (26/156)]. G6PD deficiency rates were approximately 10% in both the combined samples and specific national groups. For G6PD enzyme activity in the combined samples, G6PDd (defined as < 30% of adjusted male median) was 10% (31/320) and severe G6PDd (< 10% of AMM) was 3% (9/320). Among malaria-infected patients with positive by both RDT and usPCR, G6PDd was less than 20% in each national group. G6PD genotyping showed that the G6PD Mahidol (G487A) was the major variant. Conclusions The varying degree of G6PDd detected among malaria-infected national groups by advanced diagnostic tools, strongly support the recommend G6PD testing by the National Malaria Control Program and the subsequent safe treatment of P. vivax by primaquine for radical cure. Establishing a field monitoring system to achieve timely malaria elimination is mandatory to observe the safety of patients after PQ treatment.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of G6PD Genotypes in Different Ethnic Groups Residing in Saharan and Sahelian Zones of Mauritania

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 931
Author(s):  
Oum Kelthoum Mamadou Djigo ◽  
Mohamed Salem Ould Ahmedou Salem ◽  
Sileye Mamadou Diallo ◽  
Mohamed Abdallahi Bollahi ◽  
Boushab Mohamed Boushab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Black African ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Linguistic Groups ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Genotype Screening

Plasmodium vivax malaria is endemic in Mauritania. Individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency may develop acute hemolytic anemia when exposed to 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drugs, which are indispensable for a complete cure. The prevalence of G6PD allelic variants was assessed in different ethno-linguistic groups present in Mauritania. A total of 996 blood samples (447 males and 549 females; 499 white Moors and 497 individuals of black African ancestry) were collected from febrile patients in 6 different study sites: Aleg, Atar, Kiffa, Kobeni, Nouakchott, and Rosso. The presence of the African-type G6PD A- (G202A, A376G, A542T, G680T, and T968C mutations) and the Mediterranean-type G6PD B- (C563T) variants was assessed by PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and/or DNA sequencing. The prevalence of African-type G6PD A- genotype was 3.6% (36/996), with 6.3% (28/447) of hemizygote (A-) males and 1.5% (8/549) of homozygous (A-A-) females. Forty of 549 (7.3%) women were heterozygous (AA-). The following genotypes were observed among hemizygous men and/or homozygous women: A376G/G202A (22/996; 2.2%), A376G/T968C Betica-Selma (12/996; 1.2%), and A376G/A542T Santamaria (2/996; 0.2%). The Mediterranean-type G6PD B- genotype was not observed. The prevalence rates of G6PD A- genotype in male (10/243; 4.1%) and heterozygous female (6/256; 2.3%) white Moors were lower (p < 0.05) than those of males (18/204; 8.8%) and heterozygous females (34/293; 11.6%) of black African ancestry. There were only a few homozygous women among both white Moors (3/256; 1.2%) and those of black African ancestry (5/293; 1.7%). The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Mauritania was comparable to that of neighboring countries in the Maghreb. Because of the purportedly close ethnic ties between the Mauritanian white Moors and the peoples in the Maghreb, further investigations on the possible existence of the Mediterranean-type allele are required. Moreover, a surveillance system of G6PD phenotype and/or genotype screening is warranted to establish and monitor a population-based prevalence of G6PD deficiency.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of Long-Lasting Insecticide-Treated Hammocks in Preventing Malaria in South-Central Vietnam

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e58205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal M. Morel ◽  
Ngo Duc Thang ◽  
Annette Erhart ◽  
Nguyen Xuan Xa ◽  
Koen Peeters Grietens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
South Central ◽  
Central Vietnam

Molecular basis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in three Taiwan aboriginal tribes

1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
TangK. Tang ◽  
Wen-Yi Huang ◽  
Chieh-Ju Chang Tang ◽  
Mutsu Hsu ◽  
Tai-Ann Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Anomalies in ovarian condition of manybar goatfish Parupeneus multifasciatus (Mullidae) from the coastal zone of south Central Vietnam

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Emel’yanova ◽  
D. A. Pavlov ◽  
E. D. Pavlov ◽  
Luong Thi Bich Thuan ◽  
Vo Thi Ha
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Parupeneus Multifasciatus ◽  
South Central ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Manybar Goatfish

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and senile cataract in a Sardinian male population, Italy

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Pinna ◽  
Adele Pes ◽  
Angelo Zinellu ◽  
Arturo Carta ◽  
Giuliana Solinas
Keyword(s):  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Senile Cataract ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

scholarly journals Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and hemoglobinopathy in South Western Region Nepal: a boon or burden

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Gautam ◽  
Bhagwati Gaire ◽  
Trishna Manandhar ◽  
Bishnu P. Marasini ◽  
Niranjan Parajuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Positive Trait ◽  
Arms Pcr ◽  
Phenotypic Method ◽  
Mutation System ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Abstract Objectives The study was carried out to optimize the phenotypic method to characterize the sickle cell trait (SCT), sickle cell anemia (SCA), and β-thalassemia (β-TT) suspected sample from tharu community of South Western province-5, Nepal. SCT and SCA were further evaluated by genotypic method employing amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS PCR). Moreover, Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was estimated in those hemoglobinopathy to observe its prevalence. The accurate and reliable method can play an important role in reduction of morbidity and mortality rate. Results The 100 suspected cases were subjected to phenotypic method adopting cellulose acetate electrophoresis and genotypic method using ARMS PCR which portraits (5%) SCA positive test showing HBS/HBS, (38%) SCT positive trait HBA/HBS and (36%) cases normal HBA/HBA. β-TT (21%) cases were confirmed by electropherogram. G6PD deficiency was observed in (40%) of SCA, (18.4%) of SCT, (4.8%) of β-TT and (2.8%) in normal cases. Increased G6PD were developed only in SCT (5.3%) and β-TT (4.8%). The study highlighted sickle cell disorder (SCD) and β-TT as the most common hemoglobinopathy coexisting with G6PD deficiency. Though hemoglobinopathy sometime could be protective in malaria but G6PD deficiency can cause massive hemolysis which may exacerbate the condition.

scholarly journals From Prejudice to Evidence: The Case of Rhizoma Coptidis in Singapore

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Ee Ho ◽  
You Li Goh ◽  
Chang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Rhizoma Coptidis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Rhizoma Coptidis (RC), commonly known ashuanglian, is a herb frequently used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescriptions. Known to have “clearing damp-heat, quenching fire and counteracting poison” properties, it was widely used in the Chinese community in Singapore. Berberine, an alkaloid isolated from RC, is known to have a wide array of therapeutic effects including antimicrobial, antineoplastic, and hepatoprotective effects. In 1978, RC was implicated in causing neonatal jaundice (NNJ) and kernicterus in neonates suffering from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, leading to the banning of RC and berberine in Singapore. More than three decades later, accumulating evidence-based studies pointing to the safety of RC for general public and better understanding of G6PD deficiency, the Health Sciences Authority (HSA) in Singapore reviewed and lifted the prohibition on RC and berberine, turning a brand new chapter in the history of TCM in Singapore. This paper aims to review the safety of RC and berberine, using the prohibition of use and subsequent lifting of ban on RC and berberine in Singapore as an illustration to highlight the importance of evidence-based studies in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).

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