scholarly journals Heavy-Ion Collisions at FAIR-NICA Energies

Particles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-226
Author(s):  
Peter Senger
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Star ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Beam Energy ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Radiation Biology ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Density Equation ◽  
Shed Light

The “Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research” (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany, and the “Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility” (NICA) in Dubna, Russia, are two accelerator centers under construction. FAIR will provide beams and experimental setups to perform forefront research in hadron, nuclear, atomic, and plasma physics, as well as in radiation biology and material science. At NICA, a unique research program on nuclear matter and spin physics will be conducted. Both facilities will execute experiments to explore the properties of QCD matter at neutron star core densities, in order to study the high-density equation of state, and to shed light on the quark degrees-of-freedom emerging in QCD matter at high densities. The research programs will be performed at FAIR with the CBM experiment, and at NICA with the MPD setup at the collider, and with the BM@N experiment at the Nuclotron. These three experiments are complementary, with respect to the beam energy. The physics programs and the relevant experimental observables will be discussed.

scholarly journals Astrophysics in the Laboratory—The CBM Experiment at FAIR

Particles ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-335
Author(s):  
Peter Senger
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Quantum Chromo Dynamics ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Physics Program ◽  
Supernova Explosions ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Density Equation ◽  
The Universe

The future “Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research” (FAIR) is an accelerator-based international center for fundamental and applied research, which presently is under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. An important part of the program is devoted to questions related to astrophysics, including the origin of elements in the universe and the properties of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions, which are relevant for our understanding of the structure of neutron stars and the dynamics of supernova explosions and neutron star mergers. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR is designed to measure promising observables in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, which are expected to be sensitive to the high-density equation-of-state (EOS) of nuclear matter and to new phases of Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD) matter at high densities. The CBM physics program, the relevant observables and the experimental setup will be discussed.

scholarly journals Upgrading the Baryonic Matter at the Nuclotron Experiment at NICA for Studies of Dense Nuclear Matter

Particles ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-490
Author(s):  
Peter Senger ◽  
Dmitrii Dementev ◽  
Johann Heuser ◽  
Mikhail Kapishin ◽  
Evgeny Lavrik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Star ◽  
Nuclear Matter ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Density ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Dense Nuclear Matter ◽  
Density Equation

The Nuclotron at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna can deliver gold beams with kinetic energies between 2 and 4.5 A GeV. In heavy-ion collisions at these energies, it is expected that the nuclear fireball will be compressed by up to approximately four times the saturation density. This offers the opportunity to study the high-density equation-of-state (EOS) of nuclear matter in the laboratory, which is needed for our understanding of the structure of neutron stars and the dynamics of neutron star mergers. The Baryonic Matter at the Nuclotron (BM@N) experiment will be upgraded to perform multi-differential measurements of hadrons including (multi-) strange hyperons, which are promising probes of the high-density EOS, and of new phases of quantum chromodynamic (QCD) matter. The layout of the upgraded BM@N experiment and the results of feasibility studies are presented.

Sudden increase in the degrees of freedom in dense QCD matter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Nath Mishra ◽  
Guy Paić ◽  
C. Pajares ◽  
R. P. Scharenberg ◽  
B. K. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Alice Experiment ◽  
Ion Collisions

In this paper, we analyzed charged particle transverse momentum spectra in high multiplicity events in proton–proton and nucleus–nucleus collisions at LHC energies from the ALICE experiment using the color string percolation model (CSPM). The color reduction factor and associated string density parameters are extracted for various multiplicity classes in [Formula: see text] collisions and centrality classes for heavy-ion collisions at various LHC energies to study the effect of collision geometry and collision energy. These parameters are used to extract the thermodynamical quantities temperature and the energy density of the hot nuclear matter. A universal scaling is observed in initial temperature when studied as a function of charged particle multiplicity scaled by transverse overlap area. From the measured initial energy density [Formula: see text] and the initial temperature T, a dimensionless quantity [Formula: see text] is constructed which is used to obtain the degrees of freedom (DOF) of the deconfined phase. A two-step behavior and a sudden increase in DOF of [Formula: see text]47 for the ideal gas, above the hadronization temperature (T [Formula: see text] 210[Formula: see text]MeV), are observed in case of heavy-ion collisions at LHC energies.

scholarly journals Hard Probes in Heavy Ion Collisions: Current Status and Prospects for Application of QCD Evolution Techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 1560059
Author(s):  
Ivan Vitev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Heavy Flavor ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Relativistic Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Shed Light

In the past decade the observation of cross section modification for leading hadrons, heavy flavor and two particle correlations in heavy ion collisions has provided important insights into the dynamics of parton propagation in dense strongly-interacting matter. The development of the theory of reconstructed jets and related experimental measurements have further shed light on the characteristics of in-medium parton showers. So far, experimental results from ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC have been analyzed in the framework of parton energy loss, where the precision of the theoretical predictions cannot be systematically improved. Only recently have higher order calculations and applications of resummation and evolution to heavy ion collisions begun to emerge. Several examples of such advances are discussed in these proceedings.

STRONGLY INTERACTING QGP AND QUARKONIUM SUPPRESSION AT RHIC AND LHC ENERGIES

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250009 ◽  
Author(s):  
VINEET AGOTIYA ◽  
LATA DEVI ◽  
UTTAM KAKADE ◽  
BINOY KRISHNA PATRA
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Cornell Potential ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Strongly Interacting ◽  
Strongly Coupled Plasma

We have developed an equation of state for strongly interacting quark–gluon plasma (QGP) in the framework of strongly coupled plasma with appropriate modifications to take account of color and flavor degrees of freedom and the interactions among themselves. For this purpose we used the effective potential to improve the plasma parameter (Γ) by correcting the full Cornell potential with a dielectric function embodying the effects of the deconfined medium and not its Coulomb part alone and obtain the equation of state in terms of Γ. Our results on thermodynamic observables viz. pressure, energy density, speed of sound etc. nicely fit to the results of lattice equation of state for gluon, massless as well massive flavored plasma. We have then employed our equation of state to estimate the quarkonium suppression in an expanding QGP produced in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We have found that our predictions matches with the recent PHENIX data on the centrality dependence of J/ψ suppression in Au+Au collisions at BNL RHIC within the limit of other uncertainties. We have also predicted for the ϒ suppression in Pb+Pb collisions at LHC energy which could be tested in the ALICE experiments at CERN LHC.

SCALING PATTERN FOR PARTICLE PRODUCTION IN HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS AT SUB-THRESHOLD BEAM ENERGY

1992 ◽  
Vol 07 (25) ◽  
pp. 2269-2274
Author(s):  
B. GHOSH
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Beam Energy ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Threshold Energy ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Kinematical Region ◽  
Cooperative Model ◽  
Universal Scaling ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Ion Collisions

We examine the experimentally observed scaling patterns for particle production in nuclear collisions at sub-threshold energy regime in the framework of a cooperative model. Besides π+, K+, K− and [Formula: see text] we also include protons emitted at extreme kinematical region. We show that the proton spectra also has the same universal scaling behavior as that of pions, kaons and antiprotons. This supports our earlier proposition that the reaction mechanism leading to the emission of proton in extreme kinematical region is similar to the ones which cause sub-threshold particle productions.

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