scholarly journals Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on Cancer Cells and Potential Applications in Combination with Established and Putative Anti-Cancer Agents

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abu el Maaty ◽  
Stefan Wölfl
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Potential Applications

scholarly journals Regulation of PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Yi ◽  
Mengke Niu ◽  
Linping Xu ◽  
Suxia Luo ◽  
Kongming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Multiple Cancer ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Limiting Step ◽  
Programmed Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1 ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Cancer Types

AbstractProgrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on cancer cells engages with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) on immune cells, contributing to cancer immune escape. For multiple cancer types, the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is the major speed-limiting step of the anti-cancer immune response. In this context, blocking PD-1/PD-L1 could restore T cells from exhausted status and eradicate cancer cells. However, only a subset of PD-L1 positive patients benefits from α-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Actually, PD-L1 expression is regulated by various factors, leading to the diverse significances of PD-L1 positivity. Understanding the mechanisms of PD-L1 regulation is helpful to select patients and enhance the treatment effect. In this review, we focused on PD-L1 regulators at the levels of transcription, post-transcription, post-translation. Besides, we discussed the potential applications of these laboratory findings in the clinic.

Cancer Treatment with Liposomes Based Drugs and Genes Co-delivery Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (28) ◽  
pp. 3319-3332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanmin Zhang ◽  
Shubiao Zhang ◽  
Defu Zhi ◽  
Jingnan Cui
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Cell Cycle Checkpoints ◽  
Drug Efflux ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Cancer Models ◽  
Anti Cancer

There are several mechanisms by which cancer cells develop resistance to treatments, including increasing anti-apoptosis, increasing drug efflux, inducing angiogenesis, enhancing DNA repair and altering cell cycle checkpoints. The drugs are hard to reach curative effects due to these resistance mechanisms. It has been suggested that liposomes based co-delivery systems, which can deliver drugs and genes to the same tumor cells and exhibit synergistic anti-cancer effects, could be used to overcome the resistance of cancer cells. As the co-delivery systems could simultaneously block two or more pathways, this might promote the death of cancer cells by sensitizing cells to death stimuli. This article provides a brief review on the liposomes based co-delivery systems to overcome cancer resistance by the synergistic effects of drugs and genes. Particularly, the synergistic effects of combinatorial anticancer drugs and genes in various cancer models employing multifunctional liposomes based co-delivery systems have been discussed. This review also gives new insights into the challenges of liposomes based co-delivery systems in the field of cancer therapy, by which we hope to provide some suggestions on the development of liposomes based co-delivery systems.

Recent Advances on Therapeutic Peptides for Breast Cancer Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samad Beheshtirouy ◽  
Farhad Mirzaei ◽  
Shirin Eyvazi ◽  
Vahideh Tarhriz
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Peptides ◽  
Low Toxicity

: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy which is the second cause of mortality among women in the world. Increasing the resistance to anti-cancer drugs in breast cancer cells persuades researchers to search the novel therapies approaches for the treatment of the malignancy. Among the novel methods, therapeutic peptides which target and disrupt tumor cells have been of great interest. Therapeutic peptides are short amino acids monomer chains with high specificity to bind and modulate a protein interaction of interest. Several advantages of peptides such as specific binding on tumor cells surface, low molecular weight and low toxicity on normal cells make the peptides as an appealing therapeutic agents against solid tumors, particularly breast cancer. Also, National Institutes of Health (NIH) describes therapeutic peptides as suitable candidate for the treatment of drug-resistant breast cancer. In this review, we attempt to review the different therapeutic peptides against breast cancer cells which can be used in treatment and diagnosis of the malignancy. Meanwhile, we presented an overview of peptide vaccines which have been developed for the treatment of breast cancer.

Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Anti-Cancer Therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 482-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Kostadinova ◽  
Milena Mourdjeva
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Blocking Mechanisms

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are localized throughout the adult body as a small population in the stroma of the tissue concerned. In injury, tissue damage, or tumor formation, they are activated and leave their niche to migrate to the site of injury, where they release a plethora of growth factors, cytokines, and other bioactive molecules. With the accumulation of data about the interaction between MSCs and tumor cells, the dualistic role of MSCs remains unclear. However, a large number of studies have demonstrated the natural anti-tumor properties inherent in MSCs, so this is the basis for intensive research for new methods using MSCs as a tool to suppress cancer cell development. This review focuses specifically on advanced approaches in modifying MSCs to become a powerful, precision- targeted tool for killing cancer cells, but not normal healthy cells. Suppression of tumor growth by MSCs can be accomplished by inducing apoptosis or cell cycle arrest, suppressing tumor angiogenesis, or blocking mechanisms mediating metastasis. In addition, the chemosensitivity of cancer cells may be increased so that the dose of the chemotherapeutic agent used could be significantly reduced.

The Antitumor Efficiency of Zinc Finger Nuclease Combined with Cisplatin and Trichostatin A in Cervical Cancer Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 2125-2135
Author(s):  
Ci Ren ◽  
Chun Gao ◽  
Xiaomin Li ◽  
Jinfeng Xiong ◽  
Hui Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Trichostatin A ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Hpv E7 ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer Cells

Background: Persistent infection with the high-risk of human papillomavirus (HR-HPVs) is the primary etiological factor of cervical cancer; HR-HPVs express oncoproteins E6 and E7, both of which play key roles in the progression of cervical carcinogenesis. Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) targeting HPV E7 induce specific shear of the E7 gene, weakening the malignant biological effects, hence showing great potential for clinical transformation. Objective: Our aim was to develop a new comprehensive therapy for better clinical application of ZFNs. We here explored the anti-cancer efficiency of HPV targeted ZFNs combined with a platinum-based antineoplastic drug Cisplatin (DDP) and an HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA). Methods: SiHa and HeLa cells were exposed to different concentrations of DDP and TSA; the appropriate concentrations for the following experiments were screened according to cell apoptosis. Then cells were grouped for combined or separate treatments; apoptosis, cell viability and proliferation ability were measured by flow cytometry detection, CCK-8 assays and colony formation assays. The xenograft experiments were also performed to determine the anti-cancer effects of the combined therapy. In addition, the HPV E7 and RB1 expressions were measured by western blot analysis. Results: Results showed that the combined therapy induced about two times more apoptosis than that of ZFNs alone in SiHa and HeLa cells, and much more inhibition of cell viability than either of the separate treatment. The colony formation ability was inhibited more than 80% by the co-treatment, the protein expression of HPV16/18E7 was down regulated and that of RB1 was elevated. In addition, the xenografts experiment showed a synergistic effect between DDP and TSA together with ZFNs. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that ZFNs combined with DDP or TSA functioned effectively in cervical cancer cells, and it provided novel ideas for the prevention and treatment of HPV-related cervical malignancies.

Resveratrol as an Enhancer of Apoptosis in Cancer: A Mechanistic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Ashrafizadeh ◽  
Shahram Taeb ◽  
Hamed Haghi-Aminjan ◽  
Shima Afrashi ◽  
Kave Moloudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mitochondrial Pathway ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Anti Cancer

: Resistance of cancer cells to therapy is a challenge for achieving an appropriate therapeutic outcome. Cancer (stem) cells possess several mechanisms for increasing their survival following exposure to toxic agents such as chemotherapy drugs, radiation as well as immunotherapy. Evidences show that apoptosis plays a key role in response of cancer (stem) cells and their multi drug resistance. Modulation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis can increase efficiency of tumor response and amplify the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and also immunotherapy. To date, several agents as adjuvant have been proposed to overcome resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis. Natural products are interesting because of low toxicity on normal tissues. Resveratrol is a natural herbal agent that has shown interesting anti-cancer properties. It has been shown to kill cancer cells selectively, while protecting normal cells. Resveratrol can augment reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions, thus increases the production of ceramide and the expression of apoptosis receptors such as Fas ligand (FasL). Resveratrol also triggers some pathways which induce mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. On the other hand, resveratrol has an inhibitory effect on anti-apoptotic mediators such as nuclear factor κ B (NFκB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), phosphatidylinositol 3–kinase (PI3K) and mTOR. In this review, we explain the modulatory effects of resveratrol on apoptosis, which can augment the therapeutic efficiency of anti-cancer drugs or radiotherapy.

scholarly journals Preparation of Catechin Nanoemulsion from Oolong Tea Leaf Waste and Its Inhibition of Prostate Cancer Cells DU-145 and Tumors in Mice

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3260
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Chi-Chung Wang ◽  
Ying-Hung Lin ◽  
Bing-Huei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Oolong Tea ◽  
Induced Tumors ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tea Leaf

Anti-cancer activity of catechin nanoemulsions prepared from Oolong tea leaf waste was studied on prostate cancer cells DU-145 and DU-145-induced tumors in mice. Catechin nanoemulsions composed of lecithin, Tween-80 and water in an appropriate proportion was prepared with high stability, particle size of 11.3 nm, zeta potential of −67.2 mV and encapsulation efficiency of 83.4%. Catechin nanoemulsions were more effective than extracts in inhibiting DU-145 cell growth, with the IC50 being 13.52 and 214.6 μg/mL, respectively, after 48 h incubation. Furthermore, both catechin nanoemulsions and extracts could raise caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities for DU-145 cell apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle at S and G2/M phases. Compared to control, catechin nanoemulsion at 20 μg/mL and paclitaxel at 10 μg/mL were the most effective in reducing tumor volume by 41.3% and 52.5% and tumor weight by 77.5% and 90.6% in mice, respectively, through a decrease in EGF and VEGF levels in serum.

scholarly journals Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants MitoQ and MitoTEMPO Do Not Influence BRAF-Driven Malignant Melanoma and KRAS-Driven Lung Cancer Progression in Mice

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Kristell Le Gal ◽  
Clotilde Wiel ◽  
Mohamed X. Ibrahim ◽  
Marcus Henricsson ◽  
Volkan I. Sayin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Human Melanoma ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Lung Cancer Cell ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Anti Cancer

Cancer cells produce high levels of mitochondria-associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage macromolecules, but also promote cell signaling and proliferation. Therefore, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have been suggested to be useful in anti-cancer therapy, but no studies have convincingly addressed this question. Here, we administered the mitochondria-targeted antioxidants MitoQ and MitoTEMPO to mice with BRAF-induced malignant melanoma and KRAS-induced lung cancer, and found that these compounds had no impact on the number of primary tumors and metastases; and did not influence mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage levels. Moreover, MitoQ and MitoTEMPO did not influence proliferation of human melanoma and lung cancer cell lines. MitoQ and its control substance dTPP, but not MitoTEMPO, increased glycolytic rates and reduced respiration in melanoma cells; whereas only dTPP produced this effect in lung cancer cells. Our results do not support the use of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants for anti-cancer monotherapy, at least not in malignant melanoma and lung cancer.

Lobetyolin inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells via ASCT2 down-regulation-induced apoptosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110214
Author(s):  
Yansong Chen ◽  
Ye Tian ◽  
Gongsheng Jin ◽  
Zhen Cui ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Glutamine Uptake

This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effect of lobetyolin on breast cancer cells. Lobetyolin was incubated with MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells for 24 h. Glucose uptake and the mRNA expression of GLUT4 ( SLC2A4), HK2 and PKM2 were detected to assess the effect of lobetyolin on glucose metabolism. Glutamine uptake and the mRNA expression of ASCT2 ( SLC1A5), GLS1, GDH and GLUL were measured to assess the effect of lobetyolin on glutamine metabolism. Annexin V/PI double staining and Hoechst 33342 staining were used to investigate the effect of lobetyolin on cell apoptosis. Immunoblot was employed to estimate the effect of lobetyolin on the expression of proliferation-related markers and apoptosis-related markers. SLC1A5 knockdown with specific siRNA was performed to study the role of ASCT2 played in the anti-cancer effect of lobetyolin on MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. C-MYC knockdown with specific siRNA was performed to study the role of c-Myc played in lobetyolin-induced ASCT2 down-regulation. Myr-AKT overexpression was performed to investigate the role of AKT/GSK3β signaling played in lobetyolin-induced down-regulation of c-Myc and ASCT2. The results showed that lobetyolin inhibited the proliferation of both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. Lobetyolin disrupted glutamine uptake via down-regulating ASCT2. SLC1A5 knockdown attenuated the anti-cancer effect of lobetyolin. C-MYC knockdown attenuated lobetyolin-caused down-regulation of ASCT2 and Myr-AKT overexpression reversed lobetyolin-caused down-regulation of both c-Myc and ASCT2. In conclusion, the present work suggested that lobetyolin exerted anti-cancer effect via ASCT2 down-regulation-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells.

scholarly journals Doxorubicin loaded magnetism nanoparticles based on cyclodextrin dendritic-graphene oxide inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Ainaz Mihanfar ◽  
Niloufar Targhazeh ◽  
Shirin Sadighparvar ◽  
Saber Ghazizadeh Darband ◽  
Maryam Majidinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Anticancer Drug Delivery ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Mcf 7

Abstract Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of various types of cancer. However, its poor solubility, undesirable side effects, and short half-life have remained a challenge. We used a formulation based on graphene oxide as an anticancer drug delivery system for DOX in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, to address these issues. In vitro release studies confirmed that the synthesized formulation has an improved release profile in acidic conditions (similar to the tumor microenvironment). Further in vitro studies, including MTT, uptake, and apoptosis assays were performed. The toxic effects of the nanocarrier on the kidney, heart and liver of healthy rats were also evaluated. We observed that the DOX-loaded carrier improved the cytotoxic effect of DOX on the breast cell line compared to free DOX. In summary, our results introduce the DOX-loaded carrier as a potential platform for in vitro targeting of cancer cells and suggest further studies are necessary to investigate its in vivo anti-cancer potential.

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