scholarly journals Protein-Pacing Caloric-Restriction Enhances Body Composition Similarly in Obese Men and Women during Weight Loss and Sustains Efficacy during Long-Term Weight Maintenance

Nutrients ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Arciero ◽  
Rohan Edmonds ◽  
Feng He ◽  
Emery Ward ◽  
Eric Gumpricht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Men And Women

scholarly journals Local Administration of Caloric Restriction Mimetics to Promote the Immune Control of Lung Metastases

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentino Le Noci ◽  
Michele Sommariva ◽  
Francesca Bianchi ◽  
Tiziana Triulzi ◽  
Elda Tagliabue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Lung Structure ◽  
Collateral Effects ◽  
M1 Phenotype

Caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs), compounds that mimic the biochemical effects of nutrient deprivation, administered via systemic route promote antitumor effects through the induction of autophagy and the modulation of the immune microenvironment; however, collateral effects due to metabolic changes and the possible weight loss might potentially limit their administration at long term. Here, we investigated in mice local administration of CRMs via aerosol to reduce metastasis implantation in the lung, whose physiologic immunosuppressive status favors tumor growth. Hydroxycitrate, spermidine, and alpha-lipoic acid, CRMs that target different metabolic enzymes, administered by aerosol, strongly reduced implantation of intravenously injected B16 melanoma cells without overt signs of toxicity, such as weight loss and changes in lung structure. Cytofluorimetric analysis of lung immune infiltrates revealed a significant increase of alveolar macrophages and CD103+ dendritic cells in mice treated with CRMs that paralleled an increased recruitment and activation of both CD3 T lymphocytes and NK cells. These effects were associated with the upregulation of genes related to M1 phenotype, as IL-12 and STAT-1, and to the decrease of M2 genes, as IL-10 and STAT-6, in adherent fraction of lung immune infiltrate, as revealed by real-time PCR analysis. Thus, in this proof-of-principle study, we highlight the antitumor effect of CRM aerosol delivery as a new and noninvasive therapeutic approach to locally modulate immunosurveillance at the tumor site in the lung.

scholarly journals Changes of Body Weight and Body Composition in Obese Patients with Prader–Willi Syndrome at 3 and 6 Years of Follow-Up: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3596
Author(s):  
Giorgio Bedogni ◽  
Graziano Grugni ◽  
Sabrina Cicolini ◽  
Diana Caroli ◽  
Sofia Tamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome

Few short-term studies of weight loss have been performed in adult patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) undergoing metabolic rehabilitation. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 45 adult obese PWS patients undergoing a long-term multidisciplinary metabolic rehabilitation program based on diet and physical activity. Body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 36 (80%) patients. The mean (95% CI) weight change was −3.6 (−7.6 to 0.4, p = 0.08) kg at 3 years and −4.6 (−8.5 to −0.8, p = 0.02) kg at 6 years, and that of BMI was −1.7 (−3.4 to 0.1, p = 0.06) kg/m2 at 3 years and −2.1 (−3.8 to −0.4, p = 0.02) kg/m2 at 6 years. A decrease of about 2% in fat mass per unit of body mass was observed, which is in line with the expectations for moderate weight loss. A possibly clinically relevant decrease in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was also observed. These long-term results are important for patients with PWS, which is characterized by severe hyperphagia, behavioral disturbances, and cognitive impairment and is generally considered “resistant” to classical weight loss interventions.

scholarly journals Concomitant changes in sleep duration and body weight and body composition during weight loss and 3-mo weight maintenance

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanne PM Verhoef ◽  
Stefan GJA Camps ◽  
Hanne KJ Gonnissen ◽  
Klaas R Westerterp ◽  
Margriet S Westerterp-Plantenga
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Weight Maintenance

scholarly journals Unacylated ghrelin is associated with changes in body composition and body fat distribution during long-term exercise intervention

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henna Cederberg ◽  
Ulla Rajala ◽  
Vesa-Matti Koivisto ◽  
Jari Jokelainen ◽  
Heljä-Marja Surcel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Unacylated Ghrelin

ObjectiveGhrelin, a gut–brain peptide involved in energy homeostasis, circulates predominantly (>90%) in unacylated form. Previous studies, however, have focused on total and acylated ghrelin, and the role of unacylated ghrelin (UAG) is not well understood. Particularly, the association of UAG with weight loss and changes in body composition in adults remains unclear. We hypothesized that exercise-associated increase in UAG level is associated with weight loss, favorable changes in body composition, and body fat distribution.Design and methodsA prospective study of 552 young men (mean age 19.3 and range 19–28 years) undergoing military service with structured 6-month exercise training program. Exercise performance, body composition, and biochemical measurements were obtained at baseline and follow-up. Association between changes in UAG levels and body composition and body fat distribution were evaluated.ResultsAn increase in UAG level during the exercise intervention was associated with reduced weight, fat mass (FM), fat percentage (fat %), and waist circumference, but not with fat-free mass. Inverse associations of changes in UAG level with changes in waist circumference and fat % were independent of weight at baseline, and changes in weight and exercise performance. Associations of changes in UAG level with waist circumference were significantly stronger than with fat % after the adjustment for confounding variables.ConclusionUAG is associated with changes in body weight and body composition during an intensive long-term exercise intervention in young men. The association of UAG levels with changes in central obesity was stronger than with total FM.

scholarly journals Effects of Weight Loss and Long-Term Weight Maintenance With Diets Varying in Protein and Glycemic Index on Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Circulation ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 124 (25) ◽  
pp. 2829-2838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özlem Gögebakan ◽  
Angela Kohl ◽  
Martin A. Osterhoff ◽  
Marleen A. van Baak ◽  
Susan A. Jebb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Weight Maintenance

scholarly journals Does the Method of Weight Loss Effect Long-Term Changes in Weight, Body Composition or Chronic Disease Risk Factors in Overweight or Obese Adults? A Systematic Review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e109849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Washburn ◽  
Amanda N. Szabo ◽  
Kate Lambourne ◽  
Erik A. Willis ◽  
Lauren T. Ptomey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Loss Effect

Effect of feeding a weight loss food beyond a caloric restriction period on body composition and resistance to weight gain in cats

2015 ◽  
Vol 247 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Floerchinger ◽  
Matthew I. Jackson ◽  
Dennis E. Jewell ◽  
Jennifer M. MacLeay ◽  
Kevin A. Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Effect Of Feeding
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