scholarly journals Preconception Hemoglobin Concentration and Risk of Low Birth Weight and Small-for-Gestational-Age: A Large Prospective Cohort Study in China

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Liu ◽  
Hang An ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Zhiwen Li ◽  
Yali Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Less is known about the impact of maternal preconception anemia on birth outcomes. We aimed to examine associations between preconception hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations with risk of low birth weight (LBW) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA). This study was from a large population-based prospective cohort in China and included 124,725 women with singleton live births delivered at gestational ages of 28–45 weeks who were registered before pregnancy. Maternal Hb concentrations were measured during registration, and other health-related information was recorded prospectively. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between preconception Hb concentrations with risk of LBW and SGA, adjusting for potential confounders. The results showed women with preconception anemia accounted for 22.28%. The incidences of LBW/SGA were 2.37%/6.30% among anemic women, and 2.01%/5.48% among non-anemic women, respectively. Preconception mild anemia increased by 17% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.28) and 14% (95% CI: 1.07, 1.21) the risk for LBW and SGA, while moderate-to-severe anemia had no significant association with LBW and SGA. Compared with the 120–129 g/L group, a U-shaped association was observed between preconception Hb concentrations with LBW and SGA. In conclusion, not only maternal anemia but also elevated Hb concentrations before pregnancy contribute to an increased risk of LBW and SGA.

scholarly journals Dengue during pregnancy and live birth outcomes: a cohort of linked data from Brazil

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e023529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enny S Paixão ◽  
Oona M Campbell ◽  
Maria Gloria Teixeira ◽  
Maria CN Costa ◽  
Katie Harron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectivesDengue is the most common viral mosquito-borne disease, and women of reproductive age who live in or travel to endemic areas are at risk. Little is known about the effects of dengue during pregnancy on birth outcomes. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of maternal dengue severity on live birth outcomes.Design and settingWe conducted a population-based cohort study using routinely collected Brazilian data from 2006 to 2012.ParticipatingWe linked birth registration records and dengue registration records to identify women with and without dengue during pregnancy. Using multinomial logistic regression and Firth method, we estimated risk and ORs for preterm birth (<37 weeks’ gestation), low birth weight (<2500 g) and small for gestational age (<10thcentile). We also investigated the effect of time between the onset of the disease and each outcome.ResultsWe included 16 738 000 live births. Dengue haemorrhagic fever was associated with preterm birth (OR=2.4; 95% CI 1.3 to 4.4) and low birth weight (OR=2.1; 95% CI 1.1 to 4.0), but there was no evidence of effect for small for gestational age (OR=2.1; 95% CI 0.4 to 12.2). The magnitude of the effects was higher in the acute disease period.ConclusionThis study showed an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes in women with severe dengue during pregnancy. Medical intervention to mitigate maternal risk during severe acute dengue episodes may improve outcomes for infants born to exposed mothers.

scholarly journals Pregnancy outcome among HIV-infected women on different antiretroviral therapies in Ethiopia: a cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e027344
Author(s):  
Yohannes Ejigu ◽  
Jeanette H Magnus ◽  
Johanne Sundby ◽  
Maria C Magnus
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Zidovudine Monotherapy ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to compare pregnancy outcomes according to maternal antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens.DesignA retrospective cohort study.Participants and settingsClinical data was extracted from ART exposed pregnancies of HIV-infected Ethiopian women attending antenatal care follow-up in public health facilities in Addis Ababa between February 2010 and October 2016.OutcomesThe primary outcomes evaluated were preterm birth, low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age.ResultsA total 1663 of pregnancies exposed to ART were included in the analyses. Of these pregnancies, 17% resulted in a preterm birth, 19% in low birth weight and 32% in a small-for-gestational-age baby. Compared with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiated during pregnancy, zidovudine monotherapy was less likely to result in preterm birth (adjusted OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64) and low birth weight (adjusted OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.94). We observed no differential risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age, when comparing women who initiated HAART during pregnancy to women who initiated HAART before conception. The risk for preterm birth was higher in pregnancies exposed to nevirapine-based HAART (adjusted OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.96) compared with pregnancies exposed to efavirenz-based HAART. Comparing nevirapine-based HAART with efavirenz-based HAART indicated no strong evidence of increased risk of low birth weight or small-for-gestational-age.ConclusionsWe observed a higher risk of preterm birth among women who initiated HAART during pregnancy compared with zidovudine monotherapy. Pregnancies exposed to nevirapine-based HAART also had a greater risk of preterm births compared with efavirenz-based HAART.

scholarly journals Perinatal Factors Associated with Infant Maltreatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. CMPed.S980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Fujiwara ◽  
Makiko Okuyama ◽  
Haley Tsui ◽  
Karestan C. Koenen
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Increased Risk

Background The association between birth outcomes and child maltreatment remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to test whether infants without congenital or chronic disease who are low birth weight (LBW), preterm, or small for gestational age (SGA) are at an increased risk of being maltreated. Methods A hospital-based case-control study of infants without congenital or chronic diseases who visited the National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, between April 1, 2002 and March 31, 2005 was conducted. Cases (N = 35) and controls (N = 29) were compared on mean birth weight, gestational age, and z-score of birth weight. Results SGA was significantly associated with infant maltreatment after adjusting for other risk factors (adjusted odds ratio: 4.45, 95% CI: 1.29–15.3). LBW and preterm births were not associated with infant maltreatment. Conclusion Infants born as SGA are 4.5 times more at risk of maltreatment, even if they do not have a congenital or chronic disease. This may be because SGA infants tend to have poorer neurological development which leads them to be hard-to-soothe and places them at risk for maltreatment. Abbreviations SCAN, Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect; LBW, low birth weight; ZBW, z-score of birth weight adjusted for gestational age, sex, and parity; SGA, small for gestational age; SD, standard deviation; OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; IPV, intimate partner violence.

Small for gestational age and poor fluid intelligence in childhood predict externalizing behaviors among young adults born at extremely low birth weight

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayelet Lahat ◽  
Ryan J. Van Lieshout ◽  
Saroj Saigal ◽  
Michael H. Boyle ◽  
Louis A. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractAlthough infants born at extremely low birth weight (ELBW; birth weight < 1000 g) are at increased risk for developing later psychopathology, the mechanisms contributing to this association are largely unknown. In the present study, we examined a putative cognitive link to psychopathology in a cohort of ELBW survivors. These individuals were followed up prospectively at age 8 and again at ages 22–26. At 8 years, participants completed measures of fluid and general intelligence. As young adults, a subset of ELBW survivors free of major neurosensory impairments provided self-reports of personality characteristics related to psychopathology. Data from 66 participants indicated that, as predicted, the association between ELBW and externalizing behaviors was moderated by fluid intelligence. Specifically, ELBW individuals with poor fluid intelligence who were born small for gestational age (birth weight < 10th percentile for gestational age) showed the highest level of externalizing behaviors. These findings provide support for a cumulative risk model and suggest that fluid intelligence might be a cognitive mechanism contributing to the development of psychopathology among nonimpaired individuals who were born at ELBW and small for gestational age.

scholarly journals Developmental delay in 3-month-old low birth weight infants with hyperbilirubinemia

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiradharma Wiradharma ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani ◽  
Ekawaty Lutfia Haksari
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Learning Data

Backgrourui Developmental delay may be due to a variety offactors occurring during the prenatal, perinatal, or postnatalperiods, one of which is hyperbilirubinemia.Objective To evaluate the impact ofhyperbilirubinemia on infantdevelopmental delay.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted from March toJuly 2011. Subjects were low birth weight infants with and withouthyperbilirubinemia. Developmental delay was measured using theMullen Scales of Early Learning. Data was analyzed by Chi squaretest and relative risks were calculated. Logistic regression analysiswas performed to assess factors associated with developmentaldelay. Differences were considered statistically significant for Pvalues < 0.05.Results Forty-six low birth weight infants were enrolledin this study, 23 with hyperbilirubinemia and 23 withouthyperbilirubinemia. The relative risk (RR) for developmentaldelay in the hyperbilirubinemia group was 2.08 (95%CI 0.51 to8 .40). Multivariate analysis revealed that hyperbilirubinemia didnot significantly influence developmental delay (RR 1.45; 95%CI0.29 to 7.31). However, small for gestational age with or withouthyperbilirubinemia significantly influenced developmental delay(RR 12.13; 95%CI 2.43 to 60.56).Conclusion Hyperbilirubinemia in low birth weight infants isn ot a risk factor for developmental delay at the age of 3 months.However, being small for gestational age with or withouthyperbilirubinemia significantly influences the likelihood ofdevelopmental delay.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to organic particles and combustion products during pregnancy and birth outcome in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Norlén ◽  
Per Gustavsson ◽  
Pernilla Wiebert ◽  
Lars Rylander ◽  
Magnus Westgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Birth Outcome ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Organic Particles ◽  
Absence From Work

ObjectiveTo study if children of women exposed to organic particles and combustion products at work during pregnancy, have an increased risk of low birth weight, preterm birth or small for gestational age.MethodsA nationwide cohort of all occupationally active mothers and their children from single births during 1994 to the end of 2012 (1 182 138 observations) was formed. Information on birth outcome was obtained from the medical birth register. Information on absence from work, education, occupation, age, nationality and smoking habits was obtained from national registers. A job exposure matrix (FINJEM) was used to assess the exposure.ResultsPregnant women with low absence from work and high (>50th percentile) exposure to organic particles had an increased risk of giving birth to children with low birth weight (OR=1.19; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.32), small for gestational age (OR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.38) or preterm birth (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.27). Subgroup analyses showed an increased risk of small for gestational age in association with exposure to oil mist. Exposure to oil mist and cooking fumes was associated with low birth weight. Paper and other organic dust was associated with preterm birth. Exposure to combustion products showed an increased risk of small for gestational age (OR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.71).ConclusionsThe results indicate that occupational exposure to organic particles or combustion products during pregnancy is associated with restriction of fetal growth and preterm birth. More studies are needed to confirm a casual association.

scholarly journals Management of the Child Born Small for Gestational Age through to Adulthood: A Consensus Statement of the International Societies of Pediatric Endocrinology and the Growth Hormone Research Society

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 804-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Clayton ◽  
S. Cianfarani ◽  
P. Czernichow ◽  
G. Johannsson ◽  
R. Rapaport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Catch Up

Abstract Objective: Low birth weight remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in early infancy and childhood. It is associated with an increased risk of health problems later in life, particularly coronary heart disease and stroke. A meeting was convened to identify the key health issues facing a child born small for gestational age (SGA) and to propose management strategies. Participants: There were 42 participants chosen for their expertise in obstetrics, peri- and neonatal medicine, pediatrics, pediatric and adult endocrinology, epidemiology, and pharmacology. Evidence: Written materials were exchanged, reviewed, revised, and then made available to all. This formed the basis for discussions at the meeting. Where published data were not available or adequate, discussion was based on expert clinical opinions. Consensus Process: Each set of questions was considered by all and then discussed in plenary sessions with consensus and unresolved issues identified. The consensus statement was prepared in plenary sessions and then edited by the group chairs and shared with all participants. Conclusions: The diagnosis of SGA should be based on accurate anthropometry at birth including weight, length, and head circumference. We recommend early surveillance in a growth clinic for those without catch-up. Early neurodevelopment evaluation and interventions are warranted in at-risk children. Endocrine and metabolic disturbances in the SGA child are recognized but infrequent. For the 10% who lack catch-up, GH treatment can increase linear growth. Early intervention with GH for those with severe growth retardation (height sd score, &lt;−2.5; age, 2–4 yr) should be considered at a dose of 35–70 μg/kg·d. Long-term surveillance of treated patients is essential. The associations at a population level between low birth weight, including SGA, and coronary heart disease and stroke in later life are recognized, but there is inadequate evidence to recommend routine health surveillance of all adults born SGA outside of normal clinical practice.

scholarly journals Low Birth Weight, Small for Gestational Age and Preterm Births before and after the Economic Collapse in Iceland: A Population Based Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e80499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Védís Helga Eiríksdóttir ◽  
Tinna Laufey Ásgeirsdóttir ◽  
Ragnheiður Ingibjörg Bjarnadóttir ◽  
Robert Kaestner ◽  
Sven Cnattingius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Economic Collapse
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