scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency Is Significantly Associated with Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
José M. Castillo-Otí ◽  
Ana I. Galván-Manso ◽  
María R. Callejas-Herrero ◽  
Luís A. Vara-González ◽  
Fernando Salas-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Control Study

Aim: Results from meta-analyses point to an association between vitamin D deficiency and the onset of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the association of vitamin D for the development of DR and to determine the levels of vitamin D associated with a greater risk of DR. Methods: Between November 2013 and February 2015, we performed a case-control study based on a sample of patients with diabetes in Spain. The study population comprised all patients who had at least one evaluable electroretinogram and recorded levels of 25(OH)D. We collected a series of analytical data: 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, iPTH, calcium, albumin, and HbA1c. Glycemic control was evaluated on the basis of the mean HbA1c values for the period 2009–2014. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the variables associated with DR. Results: The final study sample comprised 385 patients, of which 30 (7.8%) had DR. Significant differences were found between patients with and without DR for age (69.54 vs. 73.43), HbA1c (6.68% vs. 7.29%), years since diagnosis of diabetes (10.9 vs. 14.17), level of 25(OH)D (20.80 vs. 15.50 ng/mL), level of 1,25(OH)2D (35.0 vs. 24.5 pg/mL), treatment with insulin (14.9% vs. 56.7%), hypertension (77.7% vs. 100%), cardiovascular events (33.2% vs. 53.3%), and kidney failure (22.0% vs. 43.3%). In the multivariate analysis, the factors identified as independent risk factors for DR were treatment of diabetes (p = 0.001) and 25(OH)D (p = 0.025). The high risk of DR in patients receiving insulin (OR 17.01) was also noteworthy. Conclusions: Levels of 25(OH)D and treatment of diabetes were significantly associated with DR after adjusting for other risk factors. Combined levels of 25(OH)D < 16 ng/mL and levels of 1,25(OH)2D < 29 pg/mL are the variables that best predict the risk of having DR with respect to vitamin D deficiency. The risk factor with the strongest association was the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This was particularly true for patients receiving insulin, who had a greater risk of DR than those receiving insulin analogues. However, further studies are necessary before a causal relationship can be established.

A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors affected Peripherals Neuropathic complication in Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 4040-4046
Author(s):  
Made Krisna Adi Jaya ◽  
Dewa Ayu Swastini ◽  
Baiq Leny Nopitasari ◽  
Putu Rika Veryanti
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Study

Background: Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a microvascular complication that commonly occurs in people with diabetes mellitus. Geriatrics with type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the populations most vulnerable to this complication. An epidemiological study states that geriatrics has a 32% greater risk of developing this complication compared to other age groups. There have not been many studies conducted to evaluate the risk factors that influence this DPN complication, so it needs to be done an individual evaluation for the elderly population. Objective: This study aims to explore the risk factors that influence the incidence of DPN in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A case-control study design was carried out on 70 geriatrics with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The outcome determined was the incidence of DPN to track the cause of DPN exposure retrospectively. Influential risk factors are determined by the Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). All statistical analyzes were two-tailed, and p-values <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: Seven factors influence the incidence of DPN in the elderly consisting of smoking history (OR=13.1), uncontrolled lipid profile (OR=5.1), non-neuroprotector users (OR=5.6), uncontrolled blood glucose (OR=42.7), history of heart disease (OR=9.0), uncontrolled blood pressure (OR=4.3), and BMI above normal (OR=5.1). Conclusion: Strong recommendation for medical personnel to focus attention on seven significant risk factors affected complications of DPN to reduce its progression or prevent upcoming complications.

Evaluation of certain risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Viresh Nandimath ◽  
Chaithra Swamy ◽  
Santosh Nandimath ◽  
Gajanan Jatti ◽  
Sachin Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Egg consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case–control study

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1437-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Radzevičienė ◽  
Rytas Ostrauskas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

AbstractObjectiveType 2 diabetes mellitus appears to involve an interaction between susceptible genetic backgrounds and environmental factors including highly calorific diets. As it is important to identify modifiable risk factors that may help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the aim of the present study was to determine the association between egg consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.DesignA specifically designed questionnaire was used to collect information on possible risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for type 2 diabetes mellitus were calculated by conditional logistic regression.SettingA case–control study in a Lithuanian out-patient clinic was performed in 2001.SubjectsA total of 234 cases with a newly confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 468 controls free of the disease.ResultsVariables such as BMI, family history of diabetes, cigarette smoking, education, morning exercise and plasma TAG level were retained in multivariate logistic regression models as confounders because their inclusion changed the value of the odds ratio by more than 10 % in any exposure category. After adjustment for possible confounders more than twofold increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus was determined for individuals consuming 3–4·9 eggs/week (OR = 2·60; 95 % CI 1·34, 5·08) and threefold increased risk of the disease was determined for individuals consuming ≥5 eggs/week (OR = 3·02; 95 % CI 1·14, 7·98) compared with those eating <1 egg/week.ConclusionsOur data support a possible relationship of egg consumption and increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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