scholarly journals Associations between Avocado Consumption and Diet Quality, Dietary Intake, Measures of Obesity and Body Composition in Adolescents: The Teen Food and Development Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4489
Author(s):  
Gina Segovia-Siapco ◽  
Michael Paalani ◽  
Keiji Oda ◽  
Peter Pribis ◽  
Joan Sabaté
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Trans Fats ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Habitual Intake

Avocado is a nutrient-rich food that has been shown to benefit the health and diet quality of adults. In this paper, we examined if habitual intake of avocado among adolescents is associated with their diet quality, food and nutrient intake, and measures of obesity and body composition. Participants aged 12–18 years old (n = 534) from selected public and Adventist middle-high schools reported their dietary intake in a web-based food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); anthropometrics were measured during school visits. Diet quality (DQI-I) and avocado intake were calculated from the FFQ; BMI z-scores (BMIz), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and %body fat (%BF) were determined from the anthropometric data. Compared to non-consumers, avocado consumers had significantly higher covariate-adjusted mean scores on total DQI-I (68.3 vs. 64.6) and energy-adjusted mean scores on variety (18.8 vs. 18.0) and adequacy (36.4 vs. 33.4). Avocado consumption was significantly associated with DQI-I components adequacy (β [SE] = 0.11 [0.03]) and moderation (β [SE] = 0.06 [0.03]) but not with BMIz, WHtR, FM, FFM, and %BF. Mean intakes of fruits, vegetables, and plant protein foods, total and vegetable proteins, dietary fiber, retinol, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, iron, and potassium were significantly higher for avocado consumers; saturated and trans fats intakes were significantly higher for non-consumers. In our adolescent population, avocado consumption was associated with higher diet quality and intake of plant-based foods and shortfall nutrients, but not with measures of obesity and body composition. Studies are needed to determine the optimal amount of avocado that would confer health benefits during adolescence.

scholarly journals Variability in Salivary Cortisol is Associated with Body Mass Index and Diet Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 532-532
Author(s):  
Thomas Karanian ◽  
Courtney Campbell ◽  
Allison Sloan ◽  
Lydia Dupree ◽  
Brian Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Abstract Objectives Stress can negatively impact lifestyle practices and metabolic health, thereby increasing an individual's risk for chronic disease. We investigated whether variability in salivary cortisol levels is associated with body composition, blood pressure, and diet quality. Methods In this ongoing study, adult men and women (18–70y, n = 17) participated in a fasted baseline health assessment to measure body composition and resting blood pressure. Dietary intake was assessed over a 5-day period, where saliva samples were collected in the morning, afternoon, and evening to measure cortisol levels. Degree of cortisol variability over the 5-day period was calculated as: the highest recorded cortisol measurement - the lowest recorded cortisol measurement, which was used to classify subjects into groups of high (n = 9) and low (n = 8) cortisol variability. Results Subjects with greater variability in salivary cortisol had higher cortisol levels on average, in addition to greater concentrations and variability in cortisol levels in the morning. High variability in cortisol levels was additionally associated with a higher body mass index and metabolic age, but was not associated with fat or fat-free mass, waist circumference, or blood pressure. Subjects with lower variability in salivary cortisol levels reported having a greater dietary intake of linoleic acid and manganese, as well as a trend toward greater intake of vitamin D. Greater variability in salivary cortisol levels positively correlated with the % of dietary calories coming from fat, total fructose, serine, fried potatoes, dairy-based desserts, sweetened coffee, and beer. Conclusions Our preliminary findings demonstrate that high variability in salivary cortisol is associated with elevated morning stress hormone levels, body mass index, and a less favorable dietary pattern. Funding Sources This study was funded by the Fairfield University College of Arts and Sciences and a Vincent Rosivach Collaborative Research Grant.

scholarly journals Nutritional intake and overall diet quality of female soccer players before the competition period

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel dos SANTOS ◽  
Jacqueline Queiroz da SILVEIRA ◽  
Thais Borges CESAR
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Soccer

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the dietary intake and overall diet quality of female soccer players before the competitive games. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study included 21 women aged 20.8±4.5 years from a professional soccer team. Their nutritional status and dietary adequacy during the training period, before competition season, were assessed. Dietary intake was assessed by three 24-hour recalls, one food frequency questionnaire, and the Healthy Eating Index, an overall diet quality index based on food group intake. Results: The athletes have shown proper nutritional status, but a diet deficient in energy due largely to low carbohydrate intake. On the other hand, the intakes of protein, fatty acids, and sodium were above the recommended intakes, even for athletes. Diet quality assessment by the Healthy Eating Index - 2010 resulted in a mean score of 54.6 points of a maximum of 100, indicating a need of improving the overall diet quality. Conclusion: The study found that the dietary patterns of female football players were both quantitatively and qualitatively inappropriate. A nutritional intervention is indicated to improve diet quality, with the inclusion of various foods, such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and better protein quality, along with a reduction in saturated fats, sodium, and added sugar.

scholarly journals Yogurt Consumption Is Associated with Better Dietary Intake and Diet Quality in School-aged Children (P18-112-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Jessica Smith ◽  
Valerie Benoit ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Vipra Vanage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Objectives To assess associations between yogurt consumption and dietary intake as well as diet quality in school-aged children in the United States. Methods A total of 3709 children aged 6–12 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2012, 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 were included in the study. Day 1 dietary data were used to determine yogurt consumption status, energy and nutrient intake. Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) was used as a measure of diet quality. Multiple linear regression analyses for surveys were conducted to estimate associations between yogurt consumption and dietary intake, as well as diet quality, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Results About 9% of children aged 6–12 years were yogurt eaters. Compared to non-eaters, children who reported yogurt consumption had significantly higher intake of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, total sugar and carbohydrate, as well as significantly less intake of total fat and sodium (P < 0.05 for all). There were no significant differences on intake of added sugar and total energy intake. HEI-2015 total score, as well as sub scores for greens and beans, whole fruit, dairy, and sodium were significantly higher in yogurt eaters than non-eaters (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusions Consumption of yogurt is associated with increased intake of several key vitamins and minerals, including nutrients of public health concern such as calcium and potassium, in school-aged children. Yogurt consumption is also associated with better diet quality in this population. Funding Sources The study was funded by General Mills, Inc.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake and Diet Quality of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1154-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nosha Farhadfar ◽  
Debra L. Kelly ◽  
Lacey Mead ◽  
Shalini Nair ◽  
James Colee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

scholarly journals Associations between Diet Quality and Body Composition in Young Children Born with Very Low Body Weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (11) ◽  
pp. 2961-2968
Author(s):  
Meghan McGee ◽  
Sharon Unger ◽  
Jill Hamilton ◽  
Catherine S Birken ◽  
Zdenka Pausova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Donor Milk ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Z Scores

ABSTRACT Background Very low birth weight (VLBW; &lt;1500 g) infants have increased adiposity and metabolic disease risk in adulthood. Limited evidence suggests low-quality childhood diets are a predisposing risk factor. Despite this, to our knowledge no study has yet examined associations between diet quality and body composition in VLBW individuals. Objective The objective of this study was to determine associations between Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) scores and consumption of fruits/vegetables, added sugars, and macronutrients with body composition in 5.5-y-old children born VLBW. We hypothesized HEI-2010 scores were inversely associated with adiposity. Methods This cohort study leveraged the 5.5-y follow-up to the Donor Milk for Improved Neurodevelopmental Outcomes randomized controlled trial. From June 2016 to July 2018, participants attended a follow-up visit at The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada, or were visited in their home. All 316 surviving infants from the trial were eligible, and the caregivers of 158 children (50%; 53% male) consented to follow-up. Diet quality (HEI-2010) and usual intake of fruits/vegetables, added sugars, and macronutrients were determined from two 24-h dietary recalls (ASA24). Linear regressions evaluated associations of diet with BMI (kg/m2) and waist circumference z-scores, total fat, fat-free mass (air displacement plethysmography), and skinfolds. Results Mean ± SD age at follow-up was 5.7 ± 0.2 y, birth weight was 1013 ± 264 g, and gestational age was 27.9 ± 2.5 wk. Dietary data and BMI z-scores were available for all children; 123 completed air displacement plethysmography. HEI-2010 score was 58.2 ± 12.4 out of 100, and 27% of children had poor quality diets (scores ≤50). HEI-2010 scores were inversely associated with BMI z-score, but only in children with obese mothers. A 10-point increase in HEI-2010 score was associated with reduced BMI (β: −0.5 SD; 95% CI: −0.7, −0.2) and subscapular (−0.3 SD; 95% CI: −0.6, −0.06) z-scores. Conclusions Improving diet quality in children born VLBW with obese mothers may be an important strategy to prevent excess adiposity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as Optimizing Mothers' Milk for Preterm Infants (OptiMoM) Program of Research: Study 1-Impact of Donor Milk at Kindergarten, NCT02759809.

Body composition and dietary intake in patients with head and neck cancer during radiotherapy: a longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2020-002359
Author(s):  
Bing Zhuang ◽  
Lichuan Zhang ◽  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Yiwei Cao ◽  
Yian Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ObjectivesTo investigate the body composition and dietary intake in the patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) during radiotherapy (RT), and explore the relationship between them.MethodsThis was a prospective, longitudinal observational study. Adult patients with HNC undergoing RT between March 2017 and August 2018 were recruited. Patients’ body compositions were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and dietary intake was recorded by 24-hour dietary recall at three time points, including baseline (T1), mid-treatment (T2) and post-treatment (T3). Patients were divided into low, middle and high energy intake groups based on the average daily energy intake (DEI). Changes in body weight (BW), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) among these three groups were compared.ResultsFrom T1 to T3, the median loss of patients’ BW, FM, FFM and SMM was 4.60, 1.90, 2.60 and 1.50 kg, respectively. The loss of BW was more dramatic from T2 to T3 than that from T1 to T2. BW loss was mainly contributed by SMM loss from T1 to T2 and by FM loss from T2 to T3. Meanwhile, patients’ dietary intake reduced during treatment. High DEI group had a significantly attenuated loss of patients’ BW, FFM, SMM and FM compared with the low DEI group.ConclusionPatients’ BW, FM, FFM and SMM all significantly reduced, especially from T2 to T3, with decreased DEI during RT, which stresses the importance of nutrition intervention during the whole course of RT.

scholarly journals Maternal Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy Are Associated with Newborn Body Composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 147 (7) ◽  
pp. 1334-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne P Starling ◽  
Katherine A Sauder ◽  
Jill L Kaar ◽  
Allison LB Shapiro ◽  
Anna Maria Siega-Riz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Reduced Rank Regression ◽  
Maternal Dietary Intake

Abstract Background: Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy may influence offspring growth and adiposity. Specific dietary patterns associated with newborn adiposity have not been identified. Objective: We aimed to identify patterns of maternal dietary intake associated with gestational weight gain (GWG) and fasting glucose during pregnancy and to evaluate whether adherence to these patterns is associated with newborn adiposity. Methods: In the Healthy Start prospective cohort, dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed via 24-h recalls. Reduced-rank regression identified dietary patterns predictive of GWG and fasting glucose. Associations between dietary patterns and newborn fat mass, fat-free mass, and adiposity were estimated by using linear regression models among 764 ethnically diverse mother-infant pairs. Results: Two dietary patterns were identified. Pattern 1, correlated with greater GWG (r = 0.22, P &lt; 0.01), was characterized by a higher consumption of poultry, nuts, cheese, fruits, whole grains, added sugars, and solid fats. Greater adherence to pattern 1 (upper compared with lower tertile) predicted a greater newborn fat-free mass (61 g; 95% CI: 12, 110 g) but no difference in fat mass or adiposity. Pattern 2, correlated with greater maternal fasting glucose (r = 0.16, P &lt; 0.01), was characterized by a higher consumption of eggs, starchy vegetables, solid fats, fruits, and nonwhole grains and a lower consumption of dairy foods, dark-green vegetables, and whole grains. Greater adherence to pattern 2 was associated with a greater newborn birth weight (80 g; 95% CI: 15, 145 g), fat mass (33 g; 95% CI: 8, 59 g), and adiposity (0.9%; 95% CI: 0.3%, 1.6%). Conclusions: Among pregnant women, adherence to a dietary pattern characterized by an intake of poultry, nuts, cheese, and whole grains was associated with greater GWG but not maternal fasting glucose or newborn adiposity. Adherence to a pattern characterized by an intake of eggs, starchy vegetables, and nonwhole grains was associated with higher maternal fasting glucose and greater newborn adiposity. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy may influence newborn body composition.

scholarly journals Home Food Availability, Parental Dietary Intake, and Familial Eating Habits Influence the Diet Quality of Urban Hispanic Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 408-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Santiago-Torres ◽  
Alexandra K. Adams ◽  
Aaron L. Carrel ◽  
Tara L. LaRowe ◽  
Dale A. Schoeller
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Hispanic Children ◽  
Home Food ◽  
Home Food Availability

Body Composition, Strength, and Dietary Intake of Patients with Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Purcell ◽  
Robert Thornberry ◽  
Sarah A. Elliott ◽  
Lynn Panton ◽  
Michael J. Ormsbee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lower Grip

Purpose: To describe body composition (fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM)), strength, and nutritional characteristics of patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis undergoing total joint arthroplasty. Methods: In this prospective pilot study, osteoarthritic patients underwent body composition assessment using bioelectrical impedance analysis, grip strength measurement, and completed a 24-h dietary recall during their pre-operative assessment. Results: Fifty-five patients were included (∼66% females, age 43–89 years). Mean ± SD body mass index (BMI) was 32.79 ± 6.48 kg/m2 and 62% were obese. Compared with hip osteoarthritis patients, knee osteoarthritis patients had a higher BMI (P = 0.018) and males with knee osteoarthritis had a lower grip strength (P = 0.028). There was a wide range in FM and FFM values across the BMI spectrum. Patients with a higher FM index (FMI, FM/height in m2) had higher levels of pain (P = 0.036) and females with higher FMI had a lower grip strength (P = 0.048). Dietary under-reporting was common and many patients did not meet recommendations for protein, vitamins C and E, or omega-3 fatty acids. Those who consumed less protein than the recommended dietary allowance were older (P = 0.018). Conclusions: A wide variability of body composition and dietary intake was observed which may impact strength and ultimately affect physical function. As such, patients with osteoarthritis may benefit from targeted nutrition and physical activity interventions before and after surgery.

scholarly journals Association of chronic stress, inflammation, body composition and dietary intake in Croatian university students

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Keser ◽  
Selma Cvijetić ◽  
Jasna Jurasović ◽  
Irena Colić Barić ◽  
Maja Kauzlarić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
University Students ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
T Score

AbstractIntroductionChronic stress and low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) influence body composition and are key underlying factors in health and disease. New syndrome, osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO), signifies the simultaneous impairment of bone, muscle, and adipose tissues and has been associated with poor diet and metabolic derangements. Hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis associated with hypercortisolemia and LGCI disrupts the metabolism of bone, muscle and, adipose tissue and may cause changes in eating behavior. Some nutrients involved in preventing/alleviating OSO and LCGI include protein, calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, fiber and omega-3 fatty acids. The aim of this study was to examine the relations between chronic stress, LGCI, body composition and dietary intake in university students.Materials and MethodsParticipants were n = 50 graduate nutritional students (Age, 23.0 ± 1.4 years; BMI, 22.1 ± 2.7 kg/m2) [n = 45 females (90%)]. Advanced bio-impedance devices, BIA-ACC® and PPG-StressFlow® (BioTekna S.r.l., Marcon-Venice, Italy), were used to determine total bone mass (kg) and T-score; muscle mass (kg and % fat free mass) and S-score; and fat mass (kg and % of body weight), as well as extracellular water and HPA index (reference value > 3.5) as indicators of underlying LGCI and stress. Dietary intake was estimated by 24-hour recall and analyzed for all macro- and micro-nutrients.ResultsPositive correlation was found between HPA index and the intake of either total or animal protein, calcium and riboflavin, with r ranging from 0.3–0.35, all p < 0.05. HPA index also positively correlated with T-score (r = 0.39, p = 0.005) and S-score (r = 0.49, p = 0.0003). Total protein intake positively correlated with T-score (r = 0.32, p = 0.024) and animal protein with S-score (r = 0.34, p = 0.017).DiscussionOur results show that chronic stress, LGCI and body composition were interrelated in this young population and possibly augmented by higher protein and calcium intake. Screening for body composition dyshomeostasis, chronic stress and LGCI using innovative, non-invasive devices, along with assessing intake of some crucial nutrients, may provide quick and useful health information enabling prevention or early treatment of some linked disorders.

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