scholarly journals Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 for Children Aged 1 to 9 Years Old in Serbia

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4450
Author(s):  
Dragan R. Milićević ◽  
Jelena Milešević ◽  
Mirjana Gurinović ◽  
Saša Janković ◽  
Jasna Đinović-Stojanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Group 1

The present study was conducted to estimate the exposure and characterize the risk for the child population of Serbia to Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from milk and milk-based food. A total of 3404 samples comprising milk and different milk-based food samples were collected from various regions of Serbia from 2017 to 2019. Evaluation of AFM1 exposure was carried out using the deterministic method, whereas risk characterization was evaluated using the margin of exposure (MOE) and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Detection rates for AFM1 in milk and milk-based food samples ranged between 2% and 79%, with the highest incidence (79%) and mean level (22.34 ± 0.018 ng kg−1) of AFM1 being detected in pasteurized and UHT milk. According to the three consumption estimates, the values of estimated daily intake (EDI) were higher for toddlers as compared with children aged 3–­9 years. Children aged 1–3 years had the highest risk of exposure to AFM1 in milk, with an estimated daily intake of 0.164 and 0.193 ng kg−1 bw day−1 using lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB) exposure scenarios, respectively. Such difference could result from the higher consumption to weight in younger children. Based on the estimated daily intake (EDI) found in this study, the risk of AFM1 exposure due to consumption of milk and milk-based food was low since the MOE values obtained were > 10,000. In addition, the risk of HCC cases/year/105 individuals of different age groups showed that the value of HCC, using potency estimates of 0.0017 (mean), was maximum (0.00034) in the age group 1–3 years, which indicates no health risk for the evaluated groups. The present study revealed the importance of controlling and preventing AFM1 contamination in milk through continuous monitoring and regular inspection to reduce the risk of AFM1 exposure, especially in children.

scholarly journals Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 for Children Aged 1 to 9 Years Old in Serbia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan R Milićević ◽  
Jelena Milešević ◽  
Mirjana Gurinovic ◽  
Saša Janković ◽  
Jasna Đinović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Risk Characterization ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Group 1

The present study was conducted to estimate the exposure and risk characterization of the children population of Serbia to Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from milk and milk-based food. A total of 3404 samples comprising of milk and different milk-based food samples were collected from various regions of Serbia from 2017 to 2019. Evaluation of the AFM1 exposure was carried out using the deterministic method, whereas risk characterization was evaluated with the calculation of the Margin of Exposure (MOE) and the risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Detection rates for AFM1 in milk and milk-based food samples ranged between 2% and 79%, with the highest incidence (79%) and mean level (22.34  0,018 ng kg-1) of AFM1 was detected in pasteurized and UHT milk. According to the three consumption estimates, the values of EDI were higher for toddlers as compared with children. Children aged 1–3 years had the highest risk of exposure to AFM1 in milk, with an estimated daily intake of 0.164 and 0.193 ng kg-1 bw day-1 using a lower bound (LB) and the upper bound (UB) exposure scenarios, respectively. Such difference could result from the higher consumption versus weight. Based on the EDI found in this study, the risk of AFM1 due to consumption of milk and milk-based food was low since MOE values obtained were 10000. In addition, the risk of HCC cases/year/105 individuals of different age groups showed that the value of HCC using potency estimates of 0.0017 (mean) was maximum (0.00034) in the age group 1–3 years which indicates no health risk for the evaluated groups. The present study revealed the importance of controlling and preventing AFM1 contamination in milk through continuous monitoring and regular inspection to reduce the risk of AFM1 exposure, especially in children.

scholarly journals FODMAP Intake in Spanish Population: Open Approach for Risk Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5882
Author(s):  
Jonatan Miranda ◽  
Maialen Vázquez-Polo ◽  
Gesala Pérez-Junkera ◽  
María del Pilar Fernández-Gil ◽  
María Ángeles Bustamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates

Fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols’ (FODMAP) were related with intestinal complications. The present study aimed to determine the FODMAP consumption of Spanish children, adolescents and adults, analyzing the real FODMAP risk of foods, and to set an open methodology for the measurement of this intake in other regions as well as nutrient intake assurance. Total fructan analysis was performed analytically in eighty-seven food samples. Daily intake of FODMAPs, fiber and micronutrients was calculated by combining the food composition for selected fermentable carbohydrates with the national food consumption stratified by age in an open software. Spanish child and adolescent total FODMAP consumption was settled as 33.4 ± 92.4 and 27.3 ± 69.0 g/day, respectively. Both intakes were higher than that of the adult population (21.4 ± 56.7 g/day). The most important food sources of lactose, excess of fructose and total fructan, considering their content and dietary intake were different between age groups. The contribution of these foods to dietary calcium and fiber and the consequent risk of deficiency if they are withdrawn was highlighted. We demonstrated the relevance of stratifying the total FODMAP intake by age. An open approach for FODMAP intake quantification and nutrient control was provided.

scholarly journals Estimated Daily Intake of Aflatoxin M1 in Thailand

10.5772/24201 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nongluck Ruangwises ◽  
Piyawat Saipan ◽  
Suthep Ruangwises
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake

scholarly journals Bisphenol A and Its Analogues in Chinese Total Diets: Contaminated Levels and Risk Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Kai Yao ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
Yunfeng Zhao ◽  
Jianzhong Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Exposure Levels

Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues (BPs) are suspected posing potential endocrine disrupting properties. They might migrate into foodstuffs through food packaging materials or contaminated water and soil. Dietary exposure is of paramount importance way for human health. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) lowered the value of tolerable daily intake (TDI) from 50 μg/kg bw/day (d) to a temporary (t) TDI (t-TDI) of 4 μg/kg bw/d. In this study, the Chinese total dietary samples were analyzed for assessing the exposure risk of BPs by diets. BPA, bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol AF (BPAF) were found in 12 kinds of food samples except for bisphenol B (BPB). A deterministic approach was used to calculate the dietary intakes of 4 kinds of compounds. For different age and gender groups, the exposure levels of BPA (178.440-403.672 ng/kg bw/d) was the highest, followed by BPS (21.372-52.112 ng/kg bw/d), BPF (20.641-50.507 ng/kg bw/d), and BPAF (0.434-1.210 ng/kg bw/d). Based on the t-TDI set by EFSA (4 μg/kg bw/d for BPA), the BPs through dietary intake pose low risks on the Chinese general population even summarization exposure levels of different BPs. However, human can be exposed to multiple endocrine disrupting chemicals rather than BPs alone; combined exposure risks should be further considered.

scholarly journals Extremely Elevated Total Mercury and Methylmercury in Forage Plants in a World Large-scale Abandoned Hg Mining Site: A Potential Risk of Exposure to Grazing Animals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Qian ◽  
Chendong Yang ◽  
Xiaohang Xu ◽  
Ming Ao ◽  
Zhidong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Hg Mining

Abstract Ninety-five wild forage plants (belonging to 22 species of 18 families) and their corresponding rhizosphere soil samples were collected from wastelands of a world large-scale abandoned Hg mining region for total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) analysis. The forage plant communities on the wastelands were dominated by the Asteraceae, Crassulaceae and Polygonaceae families. The THg and MeHg concentrations in the forage plants varied widely and were in the range of 0.10 to 13 mg/kg and 0.19 to 23 μg/kg, respectively. Shoots of Aster ageratoides showed the highest average THg concentration of 12±1.1 mg/kg, while those of Aster subulatus had the highest average MeHg concentrations of 7.4±6.1 μg/kg. Both the THg and MeHg concentrations in the aboveground plant parts exhibited positive correlations with the THg (r=0.70, P<0.01) and MeHg (r=0.68, P<0.01) concentrations in the roots but these were not correlated with the THg and MeHg concentrations in their rhizosphere soils. The species A. ageratoides, A. subulatus, and S. brachyotus showed strong accumulation of Hg and are of concern for herbivorous/omnivorous wildlife and feeding livestock. Taking the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) values for IHg recommended by the JECFA (2010) for human dietary exposure of 4 ng/g into account, grazing on 1.0 kg of forage (dry weight) by a 65 kg animal would mean that the daily intake of IHg was between 190-13200 μg, which reaches 3-5 order of magnitude higher than the permitted limit, suggesting a potential risk of exposure.

scholarly journals Dietary Exposure Assessment of Veterinary Antibiotics in Pork Meat on Children and Adolescents in Cyprus

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1479
Author(s):  
Demetra Kyriakides ◽  
Andreas C. Lazaris ◽  
Konstantinos Arsenoglou ◽  
Maria Emmanouil ◽  
Olympia Kyriakides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotics

In recent years, huge amounts of antibiotics have been administered to farm animals, and as a result, residues of these antibiotics can accumulate in livestock products and, once consumed, may be transmitted to humans. Farm animals’ antibiotic treatment may therefore present a risk for consumers health, especially for children and adolescents. In children, the immune system is not fully developed, and thus, they are more susceptible than adults to resistant bacteria. A dietary exposure assessment was conducted on veterinary antibiotics found in raw pork meat among children and adolescents in Cyprus, since pork is the most consumed red meat in Cypriot population. The study was based on the results of the occurrence of 45 residual antibiotics in raw pork meat samples in Cyprus between 2012 and 2017 in combination with data on the consumption of pork meat on children and adolescents taken from the latest demographic report in Cyprus. Estimated daily intake (EDI) values of veterinary antibiotics for children aged 6–9 years old, were higher compared to EDI values for adolescents aged 10–17 years old. The percentage ratio of the estimated daily intake to the acceptable daily intake for all the veterinary antibiotic residues was less than 5.6. The results indicate that antibiotic residues in pork meat of inland production are below the acceptable daily intake and are of low risk to human health related to the exposure of antibiotics. Nevertheless, continuous exposure to low levels of antibiotic residues in respect to age vulnerability should be of a great concern.

scholarly journals Determination and Dietary Intake Risk Assessment of 35 Pesticide Residues in Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp) from Hainan Province, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Zhang ◽  
Chen Ma ◽  
Yun Duan ◽  
Xiaopeng Wu ◽  
Daizhu Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Modified Quechers ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract The presence of pesticide residues in cowpea raises serious health concerns. In this study, a novel, sensitive, high-performance method was developed to simultaneously analyse the residues of 35 pesticides in cowpea samples from growing areas in Hainan provinces of China, from November in 2018 and June in 2021, using modified QuEChERS sample pretreatment coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) values of 35 pesticides in the cowpea matrix ranged from 0.3 µg/kg to 2.5 µg/kg and 1.0 µg/kg to 8.0 µg/kg, respectively. Twenty-seven different pesticides were detected, and twelve of them were banned pesticides on legumes in China. Residues for ten pesticides in 17.1% of the samples exceeded their MRLs with the highest exceedance of 380%, 80.8% of samples contained one or more pesticide residues, and the most frequently detected pesticide was chlorfenapyr with a detection rate of 46.3%. In addition, the pesticide triazophos was detected through different years and regions. Furthermore, the chronic dietary exposure risk (%ADI) of the detected pesticides showed less than 100% in Chinese people of different age groups, which was evaluated by the national estimated acceptable daily intake.

Occurrence of sulfonamides in fish in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, China and estimated daily intake for understanding human dietary exposure

Aquaculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 495 ◽  
pp. 538-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limei Yu ◽  
Chao Song ◽  
Cong Zhang ◽  
Limin Fan ◽  
Liping Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake

scholarly journals Estimation of Dietary Exposure to Contaminants Transferred from the Packaging in Fatty Dry Foods Based on Cereals

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1038
Author(s):  
Antía Lestido-Cardama ◽  
Ana Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós ◽  
Juana Bustos ◽  
M. Luisa Lomo ◽  
Perfecto Paseiro Losada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Target Analytes ◽  
Acetyl Tributyl Citrate ◽  
Daily Intakes

Food packaging has received special attention from the food safety standpoint since it could be a potential source of contamination through the migration of chemical substances from the packaging material into food. The assessment of the exposure through the diet to these contaminants from food packaging is necessary. In this work, an estimation of dietary exposure of the young Spanish population (1–17 years) to target chemicals from packaging for fatty dried foods based on cereals was assessed. For this purpose, a gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was developed for screening of volatile and semivolatile compounds, potential migrants from the packaging. Then, this technique was used to quantify 8 target analytes, which were previously identified in the packaging (including phthalates, acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and octocrylene), in composite food samples of fatty cereals prepared according to the consumption data for different age groups. Among the phthalates, exposure to diethyl phthalate (DEP) was the highest for the three groups considered (0.0761–0.545 µg/kg body weight/day), followed by bis(2-ethylhxyl)phathalate (DEHP), while the lowest mean intake was found for di-n-octyl phathalate (DNOP; 0.00463–0.0209 µg/kg body weight/day). The estimated dietary exposures did not exceed for any of the analytes the corresponding established tolerable daily intakes.

scholarly journals Natural Occurrence of Deoxynivalenol in Cereal-Based Baby Foods for Infants from Western Poland

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Kinga Mruczyk ◽  
Angelika Cisek-Woźniak ◽  
Małgorzata Mizgier ◽  
Rafał W. Wójciak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Infants And Young Children

The study examined 110 samples of baby products based on rice, wheat, maize and multi-grains available on the western Polish market in order to detect the level of deoxynivalenol (DON) by means of HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). DON was detected in 9.09% of the infant food samples, with an average and maximum level of 107.8 ± 30 and 148 μg/kg, respectively. The highest concentration of DON was detected in food for infants: wheat-based (mean 121 ± 7.07, 4.8%), multi-grain (mean 118 ± 5.65, 4.25%) and maize-based (mean 100 ± 37.96; 35.30%). No high DON content and high estimated daily intake were observed in the analyzed products. However, in order to minimize the harmfulness associated with the presence of DON in food for infants and young children, a risk assessment should be performed based on the monitoring results.

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