scholarly journals Selection of Probiotics in the Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections and Their Impact on Occupational Health: Scoping Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4419
Author(s):  
José Antonio Picó-Monllor ◽  
Beatriz Ruzafa-Costas ◽  
Eva Núñez-Delegido ◽  
Pedro Sánchez-Pellicer ◽  
Javier Peris-Berraco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Healthy Working ◽  
Tract Infections

The occupational health impact of respiratory infectious diseases is costly to the economy and the health care system. Probiotics are non-pathogenic live microorganisms that, when ingested in adequate amounts, can colonize the intestinal tract, and enhance the immune system. In recent years, numerous studies have described the possible usefulness of certain probiotic strains in the treatment and prevention of respiratory tract infections, with disparate results. In order to assess the possible efficacy and safety of these microorganisms to prevent or ameliorate respiratory tract infections, we systematically searched the bibliographic databases MEDLINE (via Pubmed), EMBASE, The Cochrane library, Scopus, and Web of science, using the descriptors “Respiratory Tract Infections”, “Probiotics”, “Occupational Health”, “Humans”, and “Clinical Trials”. After applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 studies were accepted for review and critical analysis. Our analysis suggests that a combination of different probiotics, most of them in the genus Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp., could be a good mix to strengthen the immune system and reduce the symptoms of URTIs in the healthy working population.

scholarly journals Manejo perioperatorio de niños con infección respiratoria superior

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-347
Author(s):  
Norma Constanza Corrales-Zúñiga ◽  
Nelly Patricia Martínez-Muñoz ◽  
Sara Isabel Realpe-Cisneros ◽  
Carlos Eberth Pacichana-Agudelo ◽  
Leandro Guillermo Realpe-Cisneros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Introducción. Es frecuente que muchos niños sometidos a procedimientos con anestesia general tengan historia de infección viral respiratoria superior reciente o activa.Objetivo. Realizar una revisión narrativa acerca de las pautas de manejo anestésico para los niños con infección reciente o activa de la vía aérea superior.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda estructurada de la literatura en las bases de datos ProQuest, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, PubMed, LILACS, Embase, Trip Database, SciELO y Cochrane Library con los términos Anesthesia AND Respiratory Tract Infections AND Complications; Anesthesia AND Upper respiratory tract infection AND Complications; Anesthesia, General AND Respiratory Tract Infections AND Complications; Anesthesia, General AND Upper respiratory tract infection AND Complications; Anesthesia AND Laryngospasm OR Bronchospasm. La búsqueda se hizo en inglés con sus equivalentes en español.Resultados. Se encontraron 56 artículos con información relevante para el desarrollo de la presente revisión.Conclusiones. Una menor manipulación de la vía aérea tiende a disminuir la frecuencia de aparición y severidad de eventos adversos respiratorios perioperatorios. No existe evidencia suficiente para recomendar la optimización medicamentosa en pacientes con infección respiratoria superior.

scholarly journals Pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infections: when and how to explore the immune system? (About 53 cases)

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed El-Azami-El-Idrissi ◽  
Mounia Lakhdar-Idrissi ◽  
Sanae Chaouki ◽  
Samir Atmani ◽  
Abdelhak Bouharrou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections

scholarly journals Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Sport and the Immune System Response. A Review

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Antonio Cicchella ◽  
Claudio Stefanelli ◽  
Marika Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
System Response ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Immune System Response ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Heavy Training

Immunity is the consequence of a complex interaction between organs and the environment. It is mediated the interaction of several genes, receptors, molecules, hormones, cytokines, antibodies, antigens, and inflammatory mediators which in turn relate and influence the psychological health. The immune system response of heavily trained athletes resembles an even more complex conditions being theorized to follow a J or S shape dynamics at times. High training loads modify the immune response elevating the biological markers of immunity and the body susceptibility to infections. Heavy training and/or training in a cold environment increase the athletes’ risk to develop Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs). Therefore, athletes, who are considered healthier than the normal population, are in fact more prone to infections of the respiratory tract, due to lowering of the immune system in the time frames subsequent heavy training sessions. In this revision we will review the behavioral intervention, including nutritional approaches, useful to minimize the “open window” effect on infection and how to cope with stressors and boost the immune system in athletes.

scholarly journals Interventions to reduce inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics for acute respiratory tract infections: summary and update of a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 3337-3357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian S. McDonagh ◽  
Kim Peterson ◽  
Kevin Winthrop ◽  
Amy Cantor ◽  
Brittany H. Lazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Electronic Decision Support ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective Antibiotic overuse contributes to antibiotic resistance and adverse consequences. Acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the most common reason for antibiotic prescribing in primary care, but such infections often do not require antibiotics. We summarized and updated a previously performed systematic review of interventions to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics for acute RTIs. Methods To update the review, we searched MEDLINE®, the Cochrane Library (until January 2018), and reference lists. Two reviewers selected the studies, extracted the study data, and assessed the quality and strength of evidence. Results Twenty-six interventions were evaluated in 95 mostly fair-quality studies. The following four interventions had moderate-strength evidence of improved/reduced antibiotic prescribing and low-strength evidence of no adverse consequences: parent education (21% reduction, no increase return visits), combined patient/clinician education (7% reduction, no change in complications/satisfaction), procalcitonin testing for adults with RTIs of the lower respiratory tract (12%–72% reduction, no increased adverse consequences), and electronic decision support systems (24%–47% improvement in appropriate prescribing, 5%–9% reduction, no increased complications). Conclusions The best evidence supports use of specific educational interventions, procalcitonin testing in adults, and electronic decision support to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute RTIs without causing adverse consequences.

Recurrent Infections

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 180-182
Author(s):  
Richard Hong
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Recurrent infections constitute a major challenge to primary care physicians. Primary immunodeficiency or other alterations of the host defense system are extremely rare. In the case of recurrent respiratory infections, particularly of the lungs, a diagnosis will result much more often from ordering a sweat chloride test than a serum immunoglobulin level. RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS The major reason for referral to our clinic for investigation of the immune system is a complaint of too many upper respiratory tract infections. Each respiratory infection in a young child means loss of sleep for child and parents, expenditure of time at the physician's office, and possible loss of income in addition to the expense of medication and office visits. The child is often irritable and his or her misery clouds the home atmosphere. With repeated episodes of this sort each year, it is small wonder that parents want relief. The average number of upper respiratory tract infections experienced by healthy children is approximately 9 to 10 per year. At least 100 viruses can cause the common cold. Accordingly, even when a child has a normal immune system establishing immunity to each virus or virus subtype, it can take many years for a broad enough immunity to develop to diminish the frequency of infection due to newly encountered respiratory viruses.

scholarly journals AN AYURVEDIC INSIGHT ON ROLE OF IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTION IN CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 4170-4173
Author(s):  
Preeti Devi ◽  
Shrinidhi Kumar K
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Tract Infections

Chronic as well as recurrent respiratory disorders are major concern in childhood pediatric practice as we commonly come across such cases in day to day pediatric practice. Recurrent respiratory infections are attributed to immaturity of the immune system, functional, structural limitations, dependency on others, unawareness of hygienic importance and nutritional issues related to weaning etc. Excess intake of sweetish substances, growth potential and school environment also contribute for the same. Mean time the congenital abnormalities of the respiratory and cardiovascular system; also, significantly contribute the recurrent respiratory tract infections. Ayurveda explains the stage of Bala or the childhood as stage of immaturity in structural, functional, emotional, and linguistic and behavior and sexual facets with predominance of the Kapha Dosha. Certain of the Respiratory problems in children are also aggravated by the habit of withholding the natural urges as maximum protective reflexes in the upper part of the body pertaining to respiratory system and helps to prevent the portal of entry for maximum infections. Protective reflexes like sneezing, coughing, hiccup, Shrama shwasa, yawning, lacrimation etc., are in true sense keep away the respiratory tract infections. Classics of Ayurveda explain the treatment Kasa in detail and by keeping classical explanation narrated in Kasa Chikitsa of different Samhita. However, classics explains that Pratishyaya when not treated leads to Kasa and Kasa further leads to Rajayakshama. Such incidences are quite common in children as there is immaturity of immune barriers in the growing stage of the child. Hence treatment should contain immune enhancing drugs or other modes of enhancing the immunity which helps to prevent such recurrent infections.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Gang Chen ◽  
Kailiang Xu ◽  
Fangyuan Sun ◽  
Yuxia Sun ◽  
Ziyuan Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Background. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are the main cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) with high mortality. The purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with MDR by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods. PubMed, EMBASE (via Ovid), and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for studies on the risk factors for MDR bacteria in LRTIs as of November 30, 2019. Literature screening, data abstraction, and quality assessment of the eligible studies were performed independently by two researchers. Results. A total of 3,607 articles were retrieved, of which 21 articles representing 20 cohort studies published in English were included after title/abstract and full-text screening. Among the 21 articles involving 7,650 patients and 1,360 MDR organisms, ten reported the risk factors for MDR Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), ten for MDR GNB, and one for MDR GPB. The meta-analysis results suggested that prior antibiotic treatment, inappropriate antibiotic therapy, chronic lung disease, chronic liver disease and cerebral disease, prior MDR and PA infection/colonization, recent hospitalization, longer hospitalization stay, endotracheal tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation, tube feeding, nursing home residence, and higher disease severity score were independent risk factors for MDR bacteria. Conclusions. This review identified fourteen clinical factors that might increase the risk of MDR bacteria in patients with LRTIs. Clinicians could take into account these factors when selecting antibiotics for patients and determine whether coverage for MDR bacteria is required. More well-designed studies are needed to confirm the various risk factors for MDR bacteria in the future.

Increased risk of respiratory tract infections in children with Down syndrome: the consequence of an altered immune system

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 799-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrijs L.P. Bloemers ◽  
Chantal J.M. Broers ◽  
Louis Bont ◽  
Michel E. Weijerman ◽  
Reinoud J.B.J. Gemke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Probiotics Effect on the Immune System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Cho Kin Ng
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background: Probiotics can provide health benefits to an individual by regulation of the immune system. Many clinical trials have found that probiotics can prevent upper respiratory tracts infections.Aim: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of available trials to investigate the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections in individuals of all ages.Methods: A database search was carried out with databases ScienceDirect, Wiley, Springer, Medline and Pubmed. Completed randomised double blind, placebo-controlled trials were selected.Selection criteria: Randomised placebo-controlled trials, with the objective of investigating probiotic effectiveness in preventing URTIs.Results: Five randomised controlled trials were included, as the extracted data could be meta-analysed. This included a total of 785 participants of different age groups, children and adults. It was found that probiotics were better compared to placebo in reducing the number of participants who experienced acute upper respiratory tract infections. Probiotics were found to reduce the mean duration of acute URTI episodes, antibiotic use compared to placebo and URTI or cold related absence. Side effects and adverse effects were found to be minor and not statistically significant.Conclusions: Probiotics were found to be better in reducing the number of participants who experienced acute URTI, the average duration per episode of acute URTI, use of antibiotics in URTI related cases and absence due to URTI. Side effects were found to be minor, making probiotics a good candidate for clinical use. This shows that probiotics are effective in preventing acute URTIs. However, due to limited studies and small sample size, the results are subjected to bias and should be interpreted with care.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document