scholarly journals Developmental Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnant Rats Does Not Induce Preeclampsia

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4254
Author(s):  
Asad Ali ◽  
Suzanne Alexander ◽  
Pauline Ko ◽  
James S. M. Cuffe ◽  
Andrew J. O. Whitehouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Behavioural Phenotypes

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder characterized by hypertension. Epidemiological studies have associated preeclampsia with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring, such as autism and schizophrenia. Preeclampsia has also been linked with maternal vitamin D deficiency, another candidate risk factor also associated with autism. Our laboratory has established a gestational vitamin-D-deficient rat model that shows consistent and robust behavioural phenotypes associated with autism- and schizophrenia-related animal models. Therefore, we explored here whether this model also produces preeclampsia as a possible mediator of behavioural phenotypes in offspring. We showed that gestational vitamin D deficiency was not associated with maternal blood pressure or proteinuria during late gestation. Maternal and placental angiogenic and vasculogenic factors were also not affected by a vitamin-D-deficient diet. We further showed that exposure to low vitamin D levels did not expose the placenta to oxidative stress. Overall, gestational vitamin D deficiency in our rat model was not associated with preeclampsia-related features, suggesting that well-described behavioural phenotypes in offspring born to vitamin-D-deficient rat dams are unlikely to be mediated via a preeclampsia-related mechanism.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D in Cardiometabolic Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoxun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent condition. Low vitamin D levels have long been associated with bone diseases, such as rickets in children and osteomalacia and osteoporosis in adults. However, it has become apparent in recent years that adequate vitamin D levels are also important for optimal functioning of many organs and tissues throughout the body, including the cardiovascular system. Evolving data indicate that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies have shown that low vitamin D levels are associated with hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, and chronic vascular inflammation, all of which are risk factors for CVD. This paper reviews the definition and pathophysiology of vitamin D deficiency, clinical evidence linking vitamin D and CVD risk, diabetes and its complications, and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Social Disadvantage Is Associated With Lower Vitamin D Levels in Older People and There Is No Surrogate for Its Measurement

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233372141769784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian H. Heald ◽  
Simon G. Anderson ◽  
Jonathan J. Scargill ◽  
Andrea Short ◽  
David Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Older People ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Lower Vitamin

Introduction: There is increasing evidence concerning adverse health consequences of low vitamin D levels. We determined whether there is any surrogate for measuring vitamin D in people older than 70 years and the relation between index of multiple deprivation (IMD) and vitamin D levels. Methods: Blood samples from 241 patients were included in this analysis. Concurrent measurements for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and bone profile are reported. Results: The prevalence of total vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (defined as total vitamin D <50 nmol/L) was 57.5% overall. Even for patients with vitamin D deficiency, a significant proportion had PTH, normal calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels. For patients with vitamin D <25 nmol/L, 62.7% had a PTH within reference range, 83.1% had normal serum-adjusted calcium, 80.6% had normal phosphate, and 85.1% had a normal serum alkaline phosphatase. With increasing quintiles of IMD, there was a 22% increased risk of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency from quintiles 1 to 5, in age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression models (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [1.01, 1.47]; p = .034). Conclusion: No other parameter is currently adequate for screening for vitamin D deficiency in older people. A higher IMD is associated with lower vitamin D levels in older people.

scholarly journals Impact of Chrysin on Vitamin D and Bone Health - Preclinical Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Swapna Kasarla ◽  
Sujatha Dodoala ◽  
Sunitha Sampathi ◽  
Narendra Kumar Talluri
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Active Vitamin ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Bone Parameters ◽  
Active Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Impact

AbstractVitamin D deficiency is an endemic problem existing worldwide. Although several strategies were established to enhance vitamin D3 levels, studies specifically focussing inhibition of vitamin D metabolism which may prolong the availability of active vitamin D in pathological conditions are less explored. Studies also suggest that higher doses of vitamin D3 fail to achieve optimum vitamin D levels. In this context, we focussed on the enzyme CYP3A4 which promotes inactivation of active vitamin D. The current study was aimed to decipher the impact of chrysin, a proven CYP3A4 inhibitor as an intervention and its effects in combination with low dose vitamin D3 (40 IU) and bone health in vitamin D deficiency condition. The in-vivo activity of chrysin was evaluated on female Wistar albino rats fed with a vitamin D deficient diet to attain vitamin D deficiency for 28 days. Chrysin was given alone and in combination with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and/or vitamin D3. All the therapeutic interventions were assessed for serum 25-OH-D3 by LC-MS, biochemical, urinary, and bone parameters. Animals treated with chrysin alone and in combination with low dose vitamin D3 and/or CaCO3 showed an eminent rise in serum 25-OH-D3 levels along with increased serum biochemical parameters. On contrary, a significant decrease in the urinary parameters followed by beneficial effects on bone parameters was noticed in contrast with the vitamin D deficient diet group. Our findings revealed that although chrysin alone showed a notable effect on 25-OH-D3 and osseous tissue, comparatively it showed intensified therapeutic effect in combination with vitamin D3 and CaCO3 which can be employed as a cost-effective option to improve bone health.Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Are Vitamin D Deficiency and VDR Gene Polymorphisms Associated With Higher Blood Pressure Defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA in Postmenopausal Women?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A729-A729
Author(s):  
Betânia Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Gislaine Casanova ◽  
Thaís Rasia Silva ◽  
Lucas Bandeira Marchesan ◽  
Karen Oppermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Allelic Discrimination ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Vdr Gene Polymorphisms

Abstract Postmenopausal status has been associated with an unfavorable phenotype tied to hormonal and metabolic changes, which collectively could contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D deficiency is frequent in postmenopausal women and may be linked to this phenotype and especially to an increased risk of developing hypertension. Vitamin D actions are modulated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and metabolic abnormalities have been associated with VDR gene variants in different populations. The aims of the present study were to assess the vitamin D levels, prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and genotypes of Fok-I, Bsm-I, Apa-I and Taq-I polymorphisms in the VDR gene and to determine whether vitamin D deficiency and VDR gene variants are associated with blood pressure levels and systemic arterial hypertension by the 2017 ACC/AHA definition in postmenopausal women. We conducted a cross-sectional study of biobanked blood samples from 339 postmenopausal women with no evidence of clinical disease. Blood pressure strata were defined according to the 2017 ACC/AHA cutoffs. Circulating 25(OH)D levels were considered deficient if &lt;20 ng/mL. Genotype analysis was performed by RT-PCR with allelic discrimination assays. Mean serum total 25(OH)D levels were 22.99±8.54 ng/mL, and 40.1% of participants were deficient in vitamin D. Overall, 7.7% had elevated blood pressure, 36.6% had stage 1 and 37.8% had stage 2 hypertension. Mean total (p=0.014) and free 25(OH)D levels (p=0.029) were lower in women with stage 2 hypertension than in those with normal blood pressure. The CC+CT genotypes of Bsm-I and the AA+AG genotypes of Taq-I polymorphisms were more frequent in women with stage 2 hypertension (Bsm-I CC+CT: 85.8% vs. TT: 14.2%, p=0.045; Taq-I AA+AG: 91.3% vs. GG: 8.7%, p=0.021). A higher prevalence ratio of stage 2 hypertension was associated with age (PR 1.058; 95%CI 1.033-1.083; p&lt;0.001), BMI (PR 1.046; 95%CI 1.025-1.068; p&lt;0.001), vitamin D deficiency (PR 1.333; 95%CI 1.016-1.749; p=0.038) and Taq-I polymorphism (PR 1.764; 95%CI 1.030-3.019; p=0.039). Women with vitamin D deficiency and the AA+AG genotype of Taq-I polymorphism were 33% and 76% more likely to have stage 2 hypertension, respectively, but these analyses lost significance when adjusted for age and BMI. In conclusion, the present results suggest that vitamin D deficiency and Taq-I polymorphism are associated with stage 2 hypertension, depending on age and BMI, in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency increases prostatic megalin expression and globulin-bound testosterone import, increasing prostatic androgens in African American men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Garcia ◽  
Kirsten Krieger ◽  
Candice Loitz ◽  
Lillian M Perez ◽  
Zachary A Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
African American Men ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Vitamin D deficiency associates with an increased risk of prostate cancer (PCa) mortality and is hypothesized to contribute to PCa aggressiveness and disparities in African Americans. We reported a relationship between African-ancestry, circulating and intraprostatic vitamin D metabolites and prostatic expression of megalin, an endocytic membrane receptor that internalizes globulin-bound hormones. Here, we show that megalin imports sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-bound testosterone, potentially regulating intraprostatic hormone levels. Vitamin D levels regulated megalin expression in cell lines, patient-derived prostate epithelial cells, and prostate tissue explants, and mice with prostatic knockout of Lrp2 (megalin) showed reduced prostatic testosterone. Notably, prostatic 5α-dihydrotestosterone levels were higher in African American men and correlated inversely with serum vitamin D status, while megalin protein levels were reduced in PCa tissue. Our findings highlight the negative impact of vitamin D deficiency on PCa and the potential link to PCa disparities observed in African Americans.

scholarly journals Low Vitamin D Levels Predict Mortality in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1400
Author(s):  
Niv Ben-Shabat ◽  
Abdulla Watad ◽  
Aviv Shabat ◽  
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi ◽  
Doron Comaneshter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
All Cause Mortality

In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of vitamin D deficiency on all-cause mortality in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and in the general population. This is a retrospective-cohort study based on the electronic database of the largest health-maintenance organization in Israel. AS patients who were first diagnosed between 2002–2007 were included. Controls were matched by age, gender and enrollment-time. Follow-up continued until death or end of study follow-up on 1 July 2019. Laboratory measures of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D levels during the entire follow-up period were obtained. A total of 919 AS patients and 4519 controls with a mean time of follow-up of 14.3 years were included. The mean age at the time of enrollment was 52 years, and 22% of them were females. AS was associated with a higher proportion of vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio 1.27 [95% confidence-interval (CI) 1.03–1.58]). In AS patients, insufficient levels of vitamin D (<30 ng/mL) were significantly associated with increased incidence of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.59 [95% CI 1.02–2.50]). This association was more prominent with the decrease in vitamin D levels (< 20 ng/mL, HR 1.63 [95% CI 1.03–2.60]; <10 ng/mL, HR 1.79 [95% CI 1.01–3.20]) and among male patients (<30 ng/mL, HR 2.11 [95% CI 1.20–3.72]; <20 ng/mL, HR 2.12 [95% CI 1.19–3.80]; <10 ng/mL, HR 2.23 [95% CI 1.12–4.43]). However, inadequate levels of vitamin D among controls were not associated with an increased all-cause mortality. Our study has shown that vitamin D deficiency is more common in AS patients than controls and is linked to an increased risk for all-cause mortality. These results emphasize the need for randomized-controlled trials to evaluate the benefits of vitamin D supplementation as a secondary prevention of mortality in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease.

scholarly journals Association between vitamin D plasma concentrations and VDR gene variants and the risk of premature birth

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Veríssimo Dutra ◽  
Fernando Alves Affonso-Kaufman ◽  
Fernanda Ramires Cafeo ◽  
Milene Saori Kassai ◽  
Caio Parente Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Lower Vitamin

Abstract Background Premature birth is the main cause of mortality in children under 1 year, and vitamin D deficiency during gestation is associated with prematurity. The effects of vitamin D are mediated by its receptor, which is encoded by the VDR gene. VDR variants—such as single nucleotide variation (SNV)—are associated with increased risk of prematurity, but there are conflicting results. We evaluated serum vitamin D concentrations and the frequency of TaqI/A > G, BsmI/C > T, ApaI/C > A, and FokI/A > T VDR variants in mothers and preterm (PTN) and full-term (FTN) newborns. Methods We conducted a case-control study comprising 40 pairs of mothers and their PTNs (gestational age < 32 weeks and/or weight < 1500 g), and 92 pairs of mothers and FTNs as controls. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR, and plasma vitamin D concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminescence. Results Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in PTN mothers. Genotypes TaqI/GG and BsmI/TT, and haplotypes AAG (TaqI/A-ApaI/A-FokI/G) and GCA (TaqI/G-ApaI/C-FokI/A) were significantly more frequent in PTN mothers, and genotypes TaqI/AG, ApaI/AA, and FokI/AG resulted in significantly lower vitamin D levels. Genotypes BsmI/TT and ApaI/AA were associated with vitamin D deficiency and 2.36 and 7.99 times greater likelihood of PTB, respectively. Vitamin D levels were also lower in PTNs, although it was not statistically significant. Genotypes BsmI/TT, ApaI/AA, and FokI/GG, and haplotype GAG (TaqI/G-ApaI/A-FokI/G) were significantly more frequent in PTNs. Those with FokI/GG genotypes had significantly lower vitamin D levels. Conclusions VDR variants contribute to variations in vitamin D concentrations and the increased risk of prematurity.

Vitamin D deficiency enhances expression of autophagy-regulating miR-142-3p in mouse and 'involved' IBD patient intestinal tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel McGillis ◽  
Dana M. Bronte-Tinkew ◽  
Frances Dang ◽  
Mariana Capurro ◽  
Akriti Prashar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Paneth Cells ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Vitamin D Signaling

Vitamin D deficiency is an environmental factor involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however, the mechanisms surrounding its role remain unclear. Previous studies conducted in an intestinal epithelial-specific vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockout model suggest that a lack of vitamin D signaling causes a reduction in intestinal autophagy. A potential link between vitamin D deficiency and dysregulated autophagy is microRNA (miR)-142-3p, which suppresses autophagy. In this study, we found that wildtype C57BL/6 mice fed a vitamin D deficient diet for 5 weeks had increased miR-142-3p expression in ileal tissues compared to mice fed a matched control diet. Interestingly, there was no difference in expression of key autophagy markers ATG16L1 and LC3II in the ileum whole tissue. However, Paneth cells of vitamin D deficient mice were morphologically abnormal and had an accumulation of the autophagy adaptor protein p62 which was not present in the total crypt epithelium. These findings suggest that Paneth cells exhibit early markers of autophagy dysregulation within the intestinal epithelium in response to vitamin D deficiency and enhanced miR-142-3p expression. Finally, we demonstrated that treatment-naïve IBD patients with low levels of vitamin D have an increase in miR-142-3p expression in colonic tissues procured from 'involved' areas of disease. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that insufficient vitamin D levels alter expression of autophagy-regulating miR-142-3p in intestinal tissues of mice and IBD patients, providing insight into the mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency modulates IBD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and its relation with adverse pregnancy outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3718
Author(s):  
Jyoti Prabha ◽  
Abhijeet Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Preterm Labour ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent in all parts of the world. Pregnant women and neonates are highly vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency. Pregnant women receive very less amount of sunlight especially in parts of Southeast Asia due to traditional norms and customs. A strong positive correlation was found between low maternal vitamin D levels with gestational hypertension/preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm labour, low birth weight, intra uterine growth restriction, neonatal intensive care unit admission and Apgar score. Therefore, the present study was designed to know the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant females and to evaluate adverse effects associated with it.Methods: Total 250 nulliparous pregnant females attending Tirath Ram Shah Hospital for delivery and carrying a viable (>/28 weeks) singleton pregnancy were selected. Women with serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level <10 ng/ml, 10-20 ng/ml and <20 ng/ml, were diagnosed as vitamin D deficient, insufficient and sufficient groups respectively and the adverse outcomes was correlated.Results: In this study, out of 250 cases, 159 cases (63.6%) had vitamin D deficiency, 43 cases (17.2%) had insufficiency, and 48 cases (19.2%) had sufficient vitamin D levels (vitamin D ≥20 ng/ml). And, Vitamin D deficiency was associated with preeclampsia, preterm labour and increased risk of caesarean section.Conclusions: This study indicates that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in pregnant females thus implicating the need of a uniform strategy of vitamin D supplementation to pregnant females.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency in Children and Adolescents: Role of Puberty and Obesity on Vitamin D Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863882110187
Author(s):  
Hedyeh Saneifard ◽  
Marjan Shakiba ◽  
Ali Sheikhy ◽  
Leila Baniadam ◽  
Fatemeh Abdollah Gorji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common among children and adolescents and can be affected by several factors such as puberty and obesity. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin D status in children and adolescents and to analyse the influence of puberty and obesity on its level. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried-out, in which clinical and biochemical data were gathered from 384 healthy children and adolescents between May 2019 to May 2020. Results: 220 females and 164 males were enrolled (aged 7-16 years; mean ± SD: 11 ± 2.5). Vitamin D deficiency was found in 49% of the total cases and was significantly more prevalent in females than males (33.1% in female; 15.9% in male, P < .001). Mean vitamin D level was lower in obese children compared with non-obese ( P < .001). Non-obese group had significantly higher levels of vitamin D in Tanner stage IV of puberty than obese individuals (20.1 ± 17.0 vs 5.4 ± 2.0) ( P = .03). Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in females than males only in Tanner stage II (12.3 ± 9.0 vs 19.6 ± 16.6) ( P = .005). The lowest level of Vitamin D was in Tanner stage Ⅳ-Ⅴ in boys and in Tanner stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ in girls ( P < .001). Conclusion: Puberty is an additional risk factor for vitamin D deficiency especially in girls and obese children. This increased risk, together with the fact that most important time for building a proper skeleton is during childhood and adolescent, makes it essential to monitor vitamin D in these age groups.

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