scholarly journals Subjective Social Status Is Associated with Dysregulated Eating Behaviors and Greater Body Mass Index in an Urban Predominantly Black and Low-Income Sample

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3893
Author(s):  
Monika M. Stojek ◽  
Paulina Wardawy ◽  
Charles F. Gillespie ◽  
Jennifer S. Stevens ◽  
Abigail Powers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Small Sample

Background: Higher subjective social status (SSS) or a person’s perception of their social standing is related to better health outcomes, but few studies examined SSS in relation to obesity. Emotional eating and food addiction have been linked to obesity. Some studies indicated that manipulating SSS may lead to altered food intake, but the relationship between SSS and dysregulated eating, such as emotional eating and food addiction (FA), has not been examined. The goal of this study was to examine the associations between SSS in the community and the larger society, dysregulated eating (emotional eating and FA), and body mass index (BMI) in a majority racial minority sample. Methods: The participants (N = 89; 93% Black, 86% women, and 56% with obesity; 72% income lower than USD 2000), recruited from a publicly funded hospital in Atlanta, GA, completed the MacArthur Scale, Dutch Eating Behaviors Questionnaire, Yale Food Addiction Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, PTSD Symptom Checklist, and demographics questionnaire. Results: Twenty-two percent of the sample met the criteria for FA; those with FA had significantly higher BMI than those without (p = 0.018). In the hierarchical linear regression, the SSS community (but not in society) predicted higher severity of emotional eating (β = 0.26, p = 0.029) and FA (β = 0.30, p = 0.029), and higher BMI (β = 0.28, p = 0.046), independent from depression and PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: The findings indicate that, among Black individuals with predominantly low income in the U.S., perceived role in their community is associated with eating patterns and body mass. Given the small sample size, the results should be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals Health-Related Behaviors in Adolescents Mediate the Association between Subjective Social Status and Body Mass Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7307
Author(s):  
Asborg A. Bjertnaes ◽  
Catherine Schwinger ◽  
Petur B. Juliusson ◽  
Tor A. Strand ◽  
Mads N. Holten-Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Unhealthy Behavior ◽  
Health Related Behaviors ◽  
Health Related

The aim of this study was to explore the association between adolescent subjective social status (SSS) and body mass index (BMI) at two different time points and to determine whether this association was mediated by health-related behaviors. In 2002 (n = 1596) and 2017 (n = 1534), tenth-grade students (15–16 years old) in schools in the District of Oppland, Norway, completed a survey. Four categories of perceived family economy were measured as SSS, and structural equation modeling was performed, including a latent variable for unhealthy behavior derived from cigarette smoking, snuff-use, and alcohol-drinking as well as dietary and exercise as mediators. No linear association was found between SSS and BMI in 2002 (standardized ß −0.02, (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.07, 0.03)). However, an association was present in 2017 (standardized ß −0.05 (95% CI −0.10, −0.001)), indicating that BMI decreased by 0.05 standard deviations (0.05 × 3.1 = 0.16 BMI unit) for every one-category increase in SSS. This association was mediated by exercise (standardized ß −0.013 (95% CI −0.02, −0.004) and unhealthy behavior (standardized ß −0.009 (95% CI −0.002, −0.04)). In conclusion, a direct association between SSS and BMI was found in 2017 in this repeated cross-sectional survey of 15–16-year-old Norwegian adolescents. This association was mediated through health-related behavior.

scholarly journals Rural–urban differences in body mass index and obesity-related behaviors among low-income preschoolers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn A Contreras ◽  
Tiffany L Martoccio ◽  
Holly E Brophy-Herb ◽  
Mildred Horodynski ◽  
Karen E Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Background With one in eight preschoolers classified as obese in the USA, childhood obesity remains a significant public health issue. This study examined rural–urban differences in low-income preschoolers’ body mass index z-scores (BMIz), eating behaviors, dietary quality, physical activity (PA) and screen time. Methods Pre-intervention data from 572 preschooler-parent dyads participating in a randomized, controlled obesity prevention trial in the Midwest USA were analyzed. We examined the associations among living in rural versus urban areas, child BMIz and child obesity-related behaviors, including eating behaviors, dietary quality, PA and screen time. Results Rural children had higher BMIz, more emotional overeating behaviors and more time spent playing outdoors compared with urban children. We found no associations between children living in rural versus urban areas and dietary quality and screen time. Conclusions The study found that rural–urban differences in BMIz may start as early as 3–4 years of age, if not earlier. To reverse the weight-related health disparities between rural and urban low-income preschoolers, structural changes in rural locations and family supports around coping skills may be needed.

scholarly journals The My Body Knows When Program Increased Intuitive Eating Characteristics in a Military Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (7-8) ◽  
pp. e200-e206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee E Cole ◽  
Stephanie A Meyer ◽  
Taylor J Newman ◽  
Adam J Kieffer ◽  
Sarah G Wax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Intuitive Eating ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Attrition Rates

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the effectiveness of the revised My Body Knows When (MBKW) program to promote intuitive eating behaviors within a sample of a military population through an online or in-person delivery mode. Materials and Methods Fifty-six overweight or obese adults (70% female); military service members (20%), retirees (38%) and family (42%) participated in the 10-week MBKW program at two military installations from 2012 to 2014. Body Mass Index, Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2; 23-item) and Motivation for Eating scale (MFES; 43-item) were collected at baseline and 10-weeks. Data were stratified by sex. Descriptive data were reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD), frequency, or percentage. A paired t-test was conducted with data at baseline and 10 weeks (α = 0.05, 80% power). Results Participants were predominantly female (70%); mean age of 51 ± 13 years; and BMI of 34.1 ± 5.5 kg/m2. There were no demographic, MFES, or IES-2 baseline differences between groups (in-person vs. online) or location. All subjects were collapsed into one group for a pre-post MBKW implementation assessment due to small sample size despite the original intent to stratify by online and in-person grouping. At 10 weeks, the remaining 26 participants exhibited a significant improvement (mean ± SD) in BMI (−0.4 ± 0.6 kg/m2; p = 0.012), environmental/social eating score (2.7 ± 0.4 points [pts]; −0.5 pt change; p < 0.001), emotional eating score (2.2 ± 0.5 pts; −0.6 pt change; p = 0.001), unconditional permission to eat score (3.4 ± 0.4 pts; +0.3 pt change; p = 0.017), eating for physical rather than emotional eating score (3.7 ± 0.8 pts; +1.0 pt change; p < 0.001), and reliance on hunger and satiety cues score (3.6 ± 0.5 pts; +0.8 pt change; p = 0.001). High attrition rates at the 10-week follow-up assessment precluded accurate assessment of long-term intervention effects. Conclusions The MBKW program was associated with improved intuitive eating behaviors and with less external eating influence on behavior; however, a larger sample is required to assess the effectiveness of MBKW delivery mode. Modest weight loss was attained but testing the efficacy of the MBKW program in a large diverse sample with alternate scenarios may be worthwhile (e.g., primary prevention against weight gain, or during weight maintenance to prevent weight regain).

scholarly journals Body Mass Index and Subjective Social Status: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study

Obesity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Dhurandhar ◽  
Gregory Pavela ◽  
Kathryn A. Kaiser ◽  
Gareth R. Dutton ◽  
Kevin R. Fontaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Subjective Social Status

scholarly journals Examination of the Selected Physical and Motoric Characteristics of Students with Special Needs in Turkish Schools Aged 7–14

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Rustem Orhan ◽  
Murat Ergin ◽  
Sinan Ayan ◽  
Ekrem Boyali
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Fat Percentage

The aim of this paper was to examine the selected physical and motoric characteristics of students with mild intellectual disabilities. The total number of the participants was 119 (54 females and 65 males) and the mean age was 10.78 &plusmn; 1.88 years. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and body fat mass scores were collected to determine the physical characteristics. Handgrip strength, vertical jump, standing long jump, flexibility, and 20 m speed running tests were performed to determine the motoric characteristics. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 22 package program. Descriptive statistical methods were used in the evaluation of the data. The male students performed better than the female students in all motor performance tests except the flexibility test. The older students performed better, as in the previous studies. Most of the students in the study were found to have a low or normal body mass index. However, according to the literature, children with special needs tend to be overweight and obese due to sedentary lifestyle. One reason for this difference might be a small sample size. Other reasons could be different socio-economic backgrounds and different extracurricular physical activity habits.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Mammographic Density during a Premenopausal Weight Loss Intervention Study

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3245
Author(s):  
Emma C. Atakpa ◽  
Adam R. Brentnall ◽  
Susan Astley ◽  
Jack Cuzick ◽  
D. Gareth Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dense Area ◽  
Short Term Change ◽  
Term Change

We evaluated the association between short-term change in body mass index (BMI) and breast density during a 1 year weight-loss intervention (Manchester, UK). We included 65 premenopausal women (35–45 years, ≥7 kg adult weight gain, family history of breast cancer). BMI and breast density (semi-automated area-based, automated volume-based) were measured at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years after study entry (1 year post intervention). Cross-sectional (between-women) and short-term change (within-women) associations between BMI and breast density were measured using repeated-measures correlation coefficients and multivariable linear mixed models. BMI was positively correlated with dense volume between-women (r = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.17, 0.61), but less so within-women (r = 0.08, 95%CI: −0.16, 0.28). There was little association with dense area (between-women r = −0.12, 95%CI: −0.38, 0.16; within-women r = 0.01, 95%CI: −0.24, 0.25). BMI and breast fat were positively correlated (volume: between r = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.69, 0.84, within r = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.36, 0.75; area: between r = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.63, 0.82, within r = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.63). Multivariable models reported similar associations. Exploratory analysis suggested associations between BMI gain from 20 years and density measures (standard deviation change per +5 kg/m2 BMI: dense area: +0.61 (95%CI: 0.12, 1.09); fat volume: −0.31 (95%CI: −0.62, 0.00)). Short-term BMI change is likely to be positively associated with breast fat, but we found little association with dense tissue, although power was limited by small sample size.

scholarly journals Sleep Timing Moderates the Concurrent Sleep Duration–Body Mass Index Association in Low-Income Preschool-Age Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L. Miller ◽  
Niko Kaciroti ◽  
Monique K. LeBourgeois ◽  
Yu Pu Chen ◽  
Julie Sturza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Preschool Age Children

Analysis of Body Mass Index (BMI) Trends Among a Pediatric Dental Patient Population: A Pilot Study. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengfei Su ◽  
Mac Jackson ◽  
Keaton Sacry ◽  
Karl Kingsley MPH
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dental School ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND Over the past few decades, a growing trend of overweight and obesity has emerged among the pediatric population. This is a cause of significant concern as these are significantly correlated to other negative oral and systemic health outcomes over time. Although measurement of body mass index (BMI) is common among pediatric physicians and primary care providers, few studies have explored the feasibility of BMI measurement and analysis from pediatric dental providers. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study was to compile and analyze pediatric BMI measurements taken from a pediatric dental school patient population. METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis of previously collected data of pediatric patients between 2012 and 2019 (N=451), which was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB). Descriptive statistics and trend analysis were compiled to determine the trends in pediatric BMI over time. RESULTS Nearly equal percentages of females and males were represented in the study (P=0.432), with the overwhelming majority identified as racial/ethnic minorities (84.5%), P=0.0075. These data revealed that pediatric BMI increased significantly from 25.6 in 2012 to 31.3 in 2018 (22.1%), P=0.031. No significant differences between males and females were observed (P=0.4824) or between minority and non-minority patients (P=0.8288). CONCLUSIONS This study provides significant novel temporal information regarding pediatric BMI among this low-income, minority patient population and highlights the need for expanding the dental school (and pediatric dental residency) curriculum to include more topics related to measuring and tracking overweight and obese children and the most appropriate methods for use in the pediatric dental office.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic Correlates of Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index Among Low-income Women in Hawaii WIC Participating in a Randomised Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Asinobi ◽  
Cristina Palacios ◽  
Yanyan Wu ◽  
Jinan Banna
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Low Income Women

Abstract Background: A healthy pre-pregnancy BMI fosters positive outcomes for both mother and infant both during and after pregnancy. To design interventions to promote a healthy pre-pregnancy BMI in low-income women, it is important to understand correlates. The purpose of this study was to identify the socio-demographic correlates of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) among low-income women.Methods: Participants were low-income pregnant women (n=83) in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program in Hawai‘i enrolled in a four-month text message-based nutrition intervention program. Participants reported pre-pregnancy weight and height and completed a demographics questionnaire on age, race/ethnicity, education, employment status and number of children. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation for continuous variables, and frequencies and proportions for categorical variables) were used to summarize the sample. Simply linear regression analyses were performed to examine if independent variables were associated with BMI before pregnancy. Results: Among the 83 women, 33 (39.8%) were 18-24 years old, 22 (26.5%) were between 25 and 29, 19 (22.9%) were 30-34 and 9 (10.8%) were 35-41. A total of 18 (21.7%) were Asian. Age and race/ethnicity were marginally associated with BMI before pregnancy. The age group 30-34 had the highest BMI before pregnancy (p=0.06) and Asian had lower BMI before pregnancy than the other races/ethnicities (p=0.01). Conclusions: Being classified as Asian was associated with lower BMI before pregnancy, while those who were 30-34 years old had the highest pre-pregnancy BMI compared to other age groups. These socio-demographic factors should be taken into account when designing interventions to promote healthy weight in women of childbearing age. Trial registration: The trial is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04330976). Date of registration April 2, 2020 (restrospectively registered). URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04330976

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