scholarly journals The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mediating Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet-Infant Gut Microbiota Relationships and Its Therapeutic Potential in Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3702
Author(s):  
Naser A. Alsharairi
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

As the very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) gains increased interest as a therapeutic approach for many diseases, little is known about its therapeutic use in childhood obesity. Indeed, the role of VLCKD during pregnancy and lactation in influencing short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and the potential mechanisms involved in the protective effects on obesity are still unclear. Infants are characterized by a diverse gut microbiota composition with higher abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria. Maternal VLCKD during pregnancy and lactation stimulates the growth of diverse species of SCFA-producing bacteria, which may induce epigenetic changes in infant obese gene expression and modulate adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Therefore, this review aims to determine the mechanistic role of SCFAs in mediating VLCKD-infant gut microbiota relationships and its protective effects on obesity.

scholarly journals The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Interplay between a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet and the Infant Gut Microbiota and Its Therapeutic Implications for Reducing Asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9580
Author(s):  
Naser A. Alsharairi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Gut microbiota is well known as playing a critical role in inflammation and asthma development. The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is suggested to affect gut microbiota; however, the effects of VLCKD during pregnancy and lactation on the infant gut microbiota are unclear. The VLCKD appears to be more effective than caloric/energy restriction diets for the treatment of several diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. However, whether adherence to VLCKD affects the infant gut microbiota and the protective effects thereof on asthma remains uncertain. The exact mechanisms underlying this process, and in particular the potential role of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are still to be unravelled. Thus, the aim of this review is to identify the potential role of SCFAs that underlie the effects of VLCKD during pregnancy and lactation on the infant gut microbiota, and explore whether it incurs significant implications for reducing asthma.

scholarly journals Chicken-eaters and pork-eaters have different gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Shi ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Fan Zhao ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Galia Zamaratskaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate the differences in the composition of gut microbiota, tryptophan metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in feces between volunteers who frequently ate chicken and who frequently ate pork. Twenty male chicken-eaters and 20 male pork-eaters of 18 and 30 years old were recruited to collect feces samples for analyses of gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites. Chicken-eaters had more diverse gut microbiota and higher abundance of Prevotella 9, Dialister, Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Prevotella 2. However, pork-eaters had higher relative abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Dialister, and Ruminococcus 2. In addition, chicken-eaters had high contents of skatole and indole in feces than pork-eaters, as well as higher contents of total short chain fatty acids, in particular for acetic acid, propionic acid, and branched chain fatty acids. The Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the abundance of Prevotella 2 and Prevotella 9 was positively correlated with levels of fecal skatole, indole and short-chain fatty acids. Thus, intake of chicken diet may increase the risk of skatole- and indole-induced diseases by altering gut microbiota.

scholarly journals The Infant Gut Microbiota and Risk of Asthma: The Effect of Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser A. Alsharairi
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Research has amply demonstrated that early life dysbiosis of the gut microbiota influences the propensity to develop asthma. The influence of maternal nutrition on infant gut microbiota is therefore of growing interest. However, a handful of prospective studies have examined the role of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy in influencing the infant gut microbiota but did not assess whether this resulted in an increased risk of asthma later in life. The mechanisms involved in the process are also, thus far, poorly documented. There have also been few studies examining the effect of maternal dietary nutrient intake during lactation on the milk microbiota, the effect on the infant gut microbiota and, furthermore, the consequences for asthma development remain largely unknown. Therefore, the specific aim of this mini review is summarizing the current knowledge regarding the effect of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation on the infant gut microbiota composition, and whether it has implications for asthma development.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota and hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-628
Author(s):  
A. D. Kotrova ◽  
A. N. Shishkin ◽  
E. I. Ermolenko ◽  
D. A. Saraykina ◽  
V. A. Volovnikova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Based Medicine

We reviewed the composition of gut microbiota (GM) in the presence of essential hypertension by analyzing Russian and foreign research publications from the database PubMed and Electronic Research eLibrary over the last 5 years from the position of evidence-based medicine. An analytical method has been used. A literature review indicated correlations between bacteria numbers and blood pressure level. Streptococcus spp., Klebsiella spp. and also such short-chain fatty acid producers as Bifidobacterium spp., Roseburia spp. and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were shown to have inverse and direct links with blood pressure level in patients with essential hypertension. Lactobacillus spp. take part in blood pressure regulation in case of excessive salt consumption. The recent studies confirm the role of GM in the development of essential hypertension. Certain bacterial genus and species of GM producing short-chain fatty acids require further studies.

scholarly journals Maternal 3,3-Dimethyl-1-Butanol Therapy Protects Adult Male Rat Offspring against Hypertension Programmed by Perinatal TCDD Exposure

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3041
Author(s):  
Chien-Ning Hsu ◽  
Chih-Yao Hou ◽  
Chien-Te Lee ◽  
Guo-Ping Chang-Chien ◽  
Sufan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Maternal exposure to environmental pollutants affects fetal development, which can result in hypertension in adulthood. Gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine (TMA), trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been associated with hypertension. We tested a hypothesis that maternal 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB, a TMA inhibitor) therapy prevents 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure-induced hypertension in adult offspring relevant to alterations of gut microbiota-derived metabolites, the mediation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling, and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given weekly oral dose of TCDD 200 ng/kg for four doses (T), 1% DMB in drinking water (D), TCDD + DMB (TD), or vehicle (C) in pregnancy and lactation periods. Male progeny (n = 8/group) were sacrificed at the age of 12 weeks. Perinatal TCDD exposure caused hypertension in adult male offspring coinciding with reduced α-diversity, increased the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, less abundant beneficial bacteria, impaired SCFA receptors’ expression, the activation of AHR signaling, and the aberrant activation of the RAS. Treatment with DMB during pregnancy and lactation rescued hypertension induced by perinatal TCDD exposure. This was accompanied by reshaping gut microbiota, mediating TMA-TMAO metabolic pathway, increasing acetic acid and its receptors, and restoring the AHR and RAS pathway. Our data provide new insights into the therapeutic potential of DMB, a microbiome-based metabolite treatment, for the prevention of hypertension of developmental origins.

scholarly journals Role of Gut Microbiota-Generated Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward S. Chambers ◽  
Tom Preston ◽  
Gary Frost ◽  
Douglas J. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
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