scholarly journals The Effect of Elevated Protein Intake on DNA Damage in Older People: Comparative Secondary Analysis of Two Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3479
Author(s):  
Agnes Draxler ◽  
Bernhard Franzke ◽  
Johannes T. Cortolezis ◽  
Nicola A. Gillies ◽  
Sandra Unterberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Austrian Study

A high protein intake at old age is important for muscle protein synthesis, however, this could also trigger protein oxidation with the potential risk for DNA damage. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an increased protein intake at recommended level or well above would affect DNA damage or change levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidised glutathione (GSSG) in community-dwelling elderly subjects. These analyses were performed in two randomized intervention studies, in Austria and in New Zealand. In both randomized control trials, the mean protein intake was increased with whole foods, in the New Zealand study (n = 29 males, 74.2 ± 3.6 years) to 1.7 g/kg body weight/d (10 weeks intervention; p < 0.001)) in the Austrian study (n = 119 males and females, 72.9 ± 4.8 years) to 1.54 g/kg body weight/d (6 weeks intervention; p < 0.001)). In both studies, single and double strand breaks and as formamidopyrimidine—DNA glycosylase-sensitive sites were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells or whole blood. Further, resistance to H2O2 induced DNA damage, GSH, GSSG and CRP were measured. Increased dietary protein intake did not impact on DNA damage markers and GSH/GSSG levels. A seasonal-based time effect (p < 0.05), which led to a decrease in DNA damage and GSH was observed in the Austrian study. Therefore, increasing the protein intake to more than 20% of the total energy intake in community-dwelling seniors in Austria and New Zealand did not increase measures of DNA damage, change glutathione status or elevate plasma CRP.

Protein Requirements in the Elderly

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (23) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothee Volkert ◽  
Cornel Christian Sieber
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Current Recommendation ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Increased Risk

Adequate protein intake and the maintenance of nitrogen equilibrium are of particular importance in the elderly because this age group is at increased risk of illness and malnutrition. The current recommendation for protein intake of healthy elderly subjects is 0.8 g/kg body weight/day, the same as for younger adults. Nitrogen balance studies in the elderly, however, revealed conflicting results; some studies suggest that not all elderly can achieve a nitrogen balance with a protein intake of 0.8 g/kg body weight/day, particularly if energy supply is not adequate. Beyond the amount of protein needed for nitrogen balance, the optimal protein intake for preservation of lean body mass, body functions, and health is of paramount interest. At present, there is insufficient longer-term research with defined health outcomes to derive recommendations in this regard. Very little is also known about the protein needs of frail and unhealthy elderly. Until more evidence is available, it seems reasonable to ensure a protein intake of at least 0.8 g/kg body weight/day in all elderly persons, particularly in those at risk of malnutrition (e.g., frail and multimorbid elderly). In addition to ascertaining adequate protein and energy intake, physical activity should be encouraged in order to increase energy expenditure and food intake and to facilitate muscle protein anabolism.

scholarly journals Inadequacy of Protein Intake in Older UK Adults

Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Morris ◽  
James D. Cater ◽  
Mark A. Green ◽  
Alexandra M. Johnstone ◽  
Jeffrey M. Brunstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Specific Recommendation ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Older Adult Population

The current dietary recommendation for protein intake in the UK is 0.75 g/kg/day, however, this population-wide recommendation does not necessarily reflect altered requirements for older adults to maintain muscle protein synthesis, nor does it encompass the potential impact of intake timing. Optimal muscle protein synthesis in older adults requires both higher intake requirements and a distribution of protein intake above a 25 g threshold, three times across the day. This study aimed to describe the protein intake of older adults in a UK region and compare the results to recommendations. The study re-assessed two existing datasets with rich diet information for older adults in the South Yorkshire area. Data were extracted from food diaries of 256 adults aged between 65 and 89 years old (mean ± SD 72.4 ± 5.3 years). Quantity and timing of intake were coded using Nutritics software and compared to recommendations. The relationship between body mass index (BMI), age, and protein intake was explored. Fewer than 50% of the participants met current UK recommendations (0.75 g/kg/day) and fewer than 15% met the ESPEN 1.2 g/kg/day age-specific recommendation. Only one participant met the 25 g/meal recommendation across three meals. These findings suggest that the older adult population is not achieving recommendations to maintain muscle protein synthesis. Nonetheless it identifies several straightforward opportunities for improvement, notably elevation of morning intake.

scholarly journals Nutritional Considerations for Bouldering

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Smith ◽  
Ryan Storey ◽  
Mayur K. Ranchordas
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Carbohydrate Restriction ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Sport Climbing ◽  
Anaerobic Energy

Bouldering competitions are held up to International level and governed by the International Federation of Sport Climbing. Bouldering has been selected to feature at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, however, physiological qualities and nutritional requirements to optimize performance remain inadequately defined due to large gaps in the literature. The primary goals of training include optimizing the capacity of the anaerobic energy systems and developing sport-specific strength, with emphasis on the isometric function of the forearm flexors responsible for grip. Bouldering athletes typically possess a lean physique, similar to the characteristics of sport climbers with reported body fat values of 6–12%. Athletes strive for a low body weight to improve power to weight ratio and limit the load on the extremities. Specialized nutritional support is uncommon and poor nutritional practices such as chronic carbohydrate restriction are prevalent, compromising the health of the athletes. The high intensity nature of bouldering demands a focus on adequate carbohydrate availability. Protein intake and timing should be structured to maximize muscle protein synthesis and recovery, with the literature suggesting 0.25–0.3 g/kg in 3–4 hr intervals. Supplementing with creatine and b-alanine may provide some benefit by augmenting the capacity of the anaerobic systems. Boulderers are encouraged to seek advice from nutrition experts to enhance performance, particularly important when weight loss is the desired outcome. Further research is warranted across all nutritional aspects of bouldering which is summarized in this review.

scholarly journals Association of Protein Intake in Three Meals with Muscle Mass in Healthy Young Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yasuda ◽  
Mai Asako ◽  
Takuma Arimitsu ◽  
Satoshi Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Subjects

Protein intake of >0.24 g/kg of body weight (BW) at a single meal is necessary to maximize muscle protein synthesis in a young population. However, the association between the protein intake rate for three meals and muscle mass in the young population has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that a protein intake of >0.24 g/kg BW at all three meals is effective for maintaining muscle mass. Therefore, we cross-sectionally examined the association between protein intake at all three meals with muscle mass in 266 healthy young subjects (aged 21.4 ± 2.4 years). Subjects were divided into the AP group, which achieved protein intake >0.24 g/kg BW at all three meals; and the NP group, which did not. We calculated total fat-free mass (FFM) and appendicular fat-free mass (AppFFM) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the percentage of total FFM (TotalFFM%) and appendicular FFM (AppFFM%) were calculated as the percentage of BW (%BW). We demonstrated that TotalFFM% (77.0 ± 0.5 vs. 75.2 ± 0.4%, p = 0.008) and AppFFM% (34.7 ± 0.3 vs. 34.1 ± 0.2%, p = 0.058) were higher in the AP than in the NP group. This finding suggests that achieving protein intake of >0.24 g/kg BW at all three meals is important for muscle mass maintenance in young populations.

scholarly journals Optimizing Adult Protein Intake During Catabolic Health Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. S1058-S1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M Phillips ◽  
Douglas Paddon-Jones ◽  
Donald K Layman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Protein ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis

ABSTRACT The DRIs define a range of acceptable dietary intakes for each nutrient. The range is defined from the minimum intake to avoid risk of inadequacy (i.e., the RDA) up to an upper limit (UL) based on a detectable risk of adverse effects. For most nutrients, the minimum RDA is based on alleviating a clear deficiency condition, whereas higher intakes are often recommended to optimize specific health outcomes. Evidence is accumulating that similar logic should be applied to dietary recommendations for protein. Although the RDA for protein of 0.8 g/kg body weight is adequate to avoid obvious inadequacies, multiple studies provide evidence that many adults may benefit from protein quantity, quality, and distribution beyond guidelines currently defined by the RDA. Further, the dietary requirement for protein is a surrogate for the constituent amino acids and, in particular, the 9 considered to be indispensable. Leucine provides an important example of an essential amino acid where the RDA of 42 mg/kg body weight is significantly less than the 100–110 mg/kg required to optimize metabolic regulation and skeletal muscle protein synthesis. This review will highlight the benefits of higher protein diets to optimize health during aging, inactivity, bed rest, or metabolic dysfunction such as type 2 diabetes.

SUN-PO316: Impact of Protein Intake and High-Fat Diet on Muscle Protein Synthesis and Lipid Infiltration in Relation to Aging in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. S176
Author(s):  
E. Poggiogalle ◽  
F. Rossignon ◽  
A. Carayon ◽  
J. Salles ◽  
C. Giraudet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
High Fat

EFFECTS OF INCREASED PROTEIN INTAKE ON POSTEXERCISE MUSCLE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN ENDURANCE RUNNERS

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S101
Author(s):  
M A. Pikosky ◽  
D R. Bolster ◽  
P C. Gaine ◽  
W F. Martin ◽  
C M. Maresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Endurance Runners
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