scholarly journals Effects of Delayed-Release Olive Oil and Hydrolyzed Pine Nut Oil on Glucose Tolerance, Incretin Secretion and Appetite in Humans

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3407
Author(s):  
Karina Sørensen ◽  
Mads Kaspersen ◽  
Jeppe Ekberg ◽  
Annette Bauer-Brandl ◽  
Trond Ulven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Delayed Release ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tolerability ◽  
Incretin Secretion ◽  
Pine Nut Oil

Background: To investigate the potential synergistic effects of olive oil releasing 2-oleoylglycerol and hydrolyzed pine nut oil containing 20% pinolenic acid on GLP-1 secretion, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion and appetite in healthy individuals, when delivered to the small intestine as potential agonists of GPR119, FFA1 and FFA4. Methods: Nine overweight/obese individuals completed three 6-h oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in a crossover design. At -30 min, participants consumed either: no oil, 6 g of hydrolyzed pine nut oil (PNO-FFA), or a combination of 3 g hydrolyzed pine nut oil and 3 g olive oil (PNO-OO) in delayed-release capsules. Repeated measures of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, GIP, ghrelin, subjective appetite and gastrointestinal tolerability were done. Results: PNO-FFA augmented GLP-1 secretion from 0–360 min compared to no oil and PNO-OO (p < 0.01). GIP secretion was increased from 240–360 min after both PNO-FFA and PNO-OO versus no oil (p < 0.01). Both oil treatments suppressed subjective appetite by reducing hunger and prospective food consumption and increasing satiety (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In support of previous findings, 6 g of delayed-release hydrolyzed pine nut oil enhanced postprandial GLP-1 secretion and reduced appetite. However, no synergistic effect of combining hydrolyzed pine nut oil and olive oil on GLP-1 secretion was observed. These results need further evaluation in long-term studies including effects on bodyweight and insulin sensitivity.

Acute effects of delayed-release hydrolyzed pine nut oil on glucose tolerance, incretins, ghrelin and appetite in healthy humans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina V. Sørensen ◽  
Svend S. Korfitzen ◽  
Mads H. Kaspersen ◽  
Elisabeth Rexen Ulven ◽  
Jeppe H. Ekberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Delayed Release ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Pine Nut Oil

Contraction-mediated glucose uptake is increased in men with impaired glucose tolerance

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Skov-Jensen ◽  
Mette Skovbro ◽  
Anne Flint ◽  
Jørn Wulff Helge ◽  
Flemming Dela
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Stimulation ◽  
Fat Percentage

Exercise superimposed on insulin stimulation is shown to increase muscle glucose metabolism and these two stimuli have synergistic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate glucose infusion rates (GIR) in groups with a wide variation in terms of insulin sensitivity during insulin stimulation alone and with superimposed exercise. Patients with type 2 diabetes, subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), healthy controls, and endurance-trained subjects were studied. The groups were matched for age and lean body mass (LBM), and differed in peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose concentration, and oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT). Each subject underwent a two-step sequential hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp. During the last 30 min of the 2nd clamp step, subjects exercised on a bicycle at 43% ± 2% of VO2 peak. In agreement with the OGTT data, the presence of different GIR during insulin stimulation alone demonstrated varying levels of insulin sensitivity between groups. However, the impairment of GIR in IGT observed during insulin stimulation alone was abolished compared to controls when exercise was superimposed on insulin stimulation. Humans with IGT are resistant to insulin-stimulated but not to exercise-induced glucose uptake.

scholarly journals Activity of dietary fatty acids on FFA1 and FFA4 and characterisation of pinolenic acid as a dual FFA1/FFA4 agonist with potential effect against metabolic diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 1677-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Christiansen ◽  
Kenneth R. Watterson ◽  
Claire J. Stocker ◽  
Elena Sokol ◽  
Laura Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Pinolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Receptor ◽  
Pine Nut Oil

Various foods are associated with effects against metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes; however, their mechanisms of action are mostly unclear. Fatty acids may contribute by acting as precursors of signalling molecules or by direct activity on receptors. The medium- and long-chain NEFA receptor FFA1 (free fatty acid receptor 1, previously known as GPR40) has been linked to enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas FFA4 (free fatty acid receptor 4, previously known as GPR120) has been associated with insulin-sensitising and anti-inflammatory effects, and both receptors are reported to protect pancreatic islets and promote secretion of appetite and glucose-regulating hormones. Hypothesising that FFA1 and FFA4 mediate therapeutic effects of dietary components, we screened a broad selection of NEFA on FFA1 and FFA4 and characterised active compounds in concentration–response curves. Of the screened compounds, pinolenic acid, a constituent of pine nut oil, was identified as a relatively potent and efficacious dual FFA1/FFA4 agonist, and its suitability for further studies was confirmed by additional in vitro characterisation. Pine nut oil and free and esterified pure pinolenic acid were tested in an acute glucose tolerance test in mice. Pine nut oil showed a moderately but significantly improved glucose tolerance compared with maize oil. Pure pinolenic acid or ethyl ester gave robust and highly significant improvements of glucose tolerance. In conclusion, the present results indicate that pinolenic acid is a comparatively potent and efficacious dual FFA1/FFA4 agonist that exerts antidiabetic effects in an acute mouse model. The compound thus deserves attention as a potential active dietary ingredient to prevent or counteract metabolic diseases.

Oral Glucose Tolerance as a Test of Liver Function

1953 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Rankin ◽  
Robert L. Jenson ◽  
Mahlon Delp
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

Abstract #873: Association of Patterns in the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Different Clinical Features in Patients with Insulinoma

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Fanny Rodriguez Vallejo ◽  
Juan Manuel Rios Torres ◽  
Francisco J. Gomez-Pérez ◽  
Juan A. Rull Rodrigo ◽  
Bernardo Pérez Enriquez
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

Oral glucose tolerance test or HbA1c assessment of subjects with coronary disease verified by angiography

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zivkovic Teodora Beljic ◽  
Biljana Jojic ◽  
Jelic Marina Andjelic ◽  
Goran Loncar ◽  
Aleksandar Davidovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Coronary Disease ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance
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