scholarly journals Associations between Maternal Diet, Body Composition and Gut Microbial Ecology in Pregnancy

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3295
Author(s):  
Meghan L. Ruebel ◽  
Stephanie P. Gilley ◽  
Clark R. Sims ◽  
Ying Zhong ◽  
Donald Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
In Pregnancy

Maternal body composition, gestational weight gain (GWG) and diet quality influence offspring obesity risk. While the gut microbiome is thought to play a crucial role, it is understudied in pregnancy. Using a longitudinal pregnancy cohort, maternal anthropometrics, body composition, fecal microbiome and dietary intake were assessed at 12, 24 and 36 weeks of gestation. Fecal samples (n = 101, 98 and 107, at each trimester, respectively) were utilized for microbiome analysis via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Data analysis included alpha- and beta-diversity measures and assessment of compositional changes using MaAsLin2. Correlation analyses of serum metabolic and anthropometric markers were performed against bacterial abundance and predicted functional pathways. α-diversity was unaltered by pregnancy stage or maternal obesity status. Actinobacteria, Lachnospiraceae, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus and Anaerotuncus abundances were associated with gestation stage. Maternal obesity status was associated with increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Bilophila, Dialister and Roseburia. Maternal BMI, fat mass, triglyceride and insulin levels were positively associated with Bilophila. Correlations of bacterial abundance with diet intake showed that Ruminococcus and Paraprevotella were associated with total fat and unsaturated fatty acid intake, while Collinsella and Anaerostipes were associated with protein intake. While causal relationships remain unclear, collectively, these findings indicate pregnancy- and maternal obesity-dependent interactions between dietary factors and the maternal gut microbiome.

scholarly journals Effect of Mixed Nuts on Body Weight and Composition, and Gut Microbiome (P08-054-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih Lung Woo ◽  
Dina Ben-Nissan ◽  
Zahra Ezzat-Zadeh ◽  
Jieping Yang ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Tree Nuts

Abstract Objectives This study was designed to assess the effects of mixed nut consumption on body weight and composition, and gut microbiome in obese individuals. Primary outcome was change in body weight and composition. Secondary outcomes include gut microbiome composition, inflammatory markers, and plasma lipids. Methods The reported results are from an interim analysis (n = 50) of a randomized, placebo controlled, parallel study. Total enrollment target is 154 overweight/obese subjects (BMI 27–35 kg/m2). Participants were randomly assigned to consume either 1.5oz mixed tree nuts or pretzels with equal calorie content daily for 24 weeks. The study included a 12-week weight loss phase (500 kcal per day less than total daily energy expenditure), followed by a 12-week weight maintenance phase. Body composition, fasting blood, and stool samples were collected at baseline, week 12 and 24. Body composition, and vitals were analyzed, whereas plasma lipid profile, fecal microbiome, and microbiome metabolites analysis is still pending. Results At week 12, subjects from both the pretzel (n = 15, 10 dropouts; P = 0.009) and nut group (n = 22, 3 dropouts; P = 0.038) lost significant amount of weight. The trend of weight changes did not differ between groups (P = 0.530). Subjects from both groups were able to sustain weight loss through 24 weeks (pretzel: 81.43 ± 3.85 kg at baseline vs. 79.43 ± 4.08 kg at week 24, P = 0.028; nut: 84.26 ± 3.78 kg at baseline vs. 82.38 ± 3.72 kg at week 24, P = 0.026). At week 12, fat mass in both groups was significantly decreased (pretzel: P = 0.002; nut: P = 0.012). The trend of fat changes did not differ between groups (P = 0.547). Subjects from both groups were able to sustain fat loss through 24 weeks (pretzel: 30.84 ± 1.75 kg at baseline vs. 29.25 ± 2.12 kg at week 24, P = 0.024; nut: 31.51 ± 1.56 kg vs 30.21 ± 1.81 kg at week 24, P = 0.04). Muscle mass, and blood pressure were not significantly different between both groups. Conclusions Our data suggested that tree nuts could be consumed as part of a healthy weight loss meal plan without concern of causing weight gain. Further analysis of the remaining samples is needed to confirm results. Due to higher dropouts in the pretzel group, future intention-to-treat analysis is also needed to eliminate bias. Funding Sources This study is supported by the International Tree Nut Council.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Metabolites and the Gut Microbiome in Older Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 840-840
Author(s):  
Deborah Kado ◽  
Robert Thomas ◽  
Lingjing Jiang ◽  
John Adams ◽  
Rob Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Unweighted Unifrac ◽  
Antidepressant Use

Abstract We examined the bidirectional impact of vitamin D on the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome in 567 MrOS men. Vitamin D metabolites were measured using LC-MSMS and stool sub-operational taxonomic units defined from 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing data using Deblur and Greengenes 13.8. Men’s mean serum level of 25(OH)D was in the sufficient range. Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity and non-redundant covariate analyses revealed that 1,25(OH)2D explained 5% of variance in α-diversity; the other non-redundant covariates of site, race, recent antibiotic and antidepressant use explained another 6%. In β-diversity analyses using unweighted UniFrac, 1,25(OH)2D was the strongest factor assessed, explaining 2%. Random forest plot analyses identified 12 taxa, 6 in the phylum Firmicutes, positively associated with either 1,25(OH)2D and/or [1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D] activation ratio. Higher levels of the active 1,25(OH)2D, but not 25(OH)D, were associated with butyrate producing bacteria. Men with favorable vitamin D activation profiles also had greater gut microbial diversity.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Assessment of Demographic, Environmental and Host Genetic Associations with Gut Microbiome Diversity in Healthy Individuals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Scepanovic ◽  
Flavia Hodel ◽  
Stanislas Mondot ◽  
Valentin Partula ◽  
Allyson Byrd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Host Genetic

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe gut microbiome is an important determinant of human health. Its composition has been shown to be influenced by multiple environmental factors and likely by host genetic variation. In the framework of the Milieu Intérieur Consortium, a total of 1,000 healthy individuals of western European ancestry, with a 1:1 sex ratio and evenly stratified across five decades of life (age 20 – 69), were recruited. We generated 16S ribosomal RNA profiles from stool samples for 858 participants. We investigated genetic and non-genetic factors that contribute to individual differences in fecal microbiome composition.ResultsAmong 110 demographic, clinical and environmental factors, 11 were identified as significantly correlated with α-diversity, ß-diversity or abundance of specific microbial communities in multivariable models. Age and blood alanine aminotransferase levels showed the strongest associations with microbiome diversity. In total, all non-genetic factors explained 16.4% of the variance. We then searched for associations between >5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and the same indicators of fecal microbiome diversity, including the significant non-genetic factors as covariates. No genome-wide significant associations were identified after correction for multiple testing. A small fraction of previously reported associations between human genetic variants and specific taxa could be replicated in our cohort, while no replication was observed for any of the diversity metrics.ConclusionIn a well-characterized cohort of healthy individuals, we identified several non-genetic variables associated with fecal microbiome diversity. In contrast, host genetics only had a negligible influence. Demographic and environmental factors are thus the main contributors to fecal microbiome composition in healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Covariation of the Fecal Microbiome with Diet in Nonpasserine Birds

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangpeng Xiao ◽  
Yutan Fan ◽  
Zhipeng Zhang ◽  
Xuejuan Shen ◽  
Xiaobing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Diversity

ABSTRACT Opportunistic feeding and multiple other environment factors can modulate the gut microbiome, and bias conclusions, when wild animals are used for studying the influence of phylogeny and diet on their gut microbiomes. Here, we controlled for these other confounding factors in our investigation of the magnitude of the effect of diet on the gut microbiome assemblies of nonpasserine birds. We collected fecal samples, at one point in time, from 35 species of birds in a single zoo as well as 6 species of domestic poultry from farms in Guangzhou city to minimize the influences from interfering factors. Specifically, we describe 16S rRNA amplicon data from 129 fecal samples obtained from 41 species of birds, with additional shotgun metagenomic sequencing data generated from 16 of these individuals. Our data show that diets containing native starch increase the abundance of Lactobacillus in the gut microbiome, while those containing plant-derived fiber mainly enrich the level of Clostridium. Greater numbers of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria are detected in carnivorous birds, while in birds fed a commercial corn-soybean basal diet, a stronger inner-connected microbial community containing Clostridia and Bacteroidia was enriched. Furthermore, the metagenome functions of the microbes (such as lipid metabolism and amino acid synthesis) were adapted to the different food types to achieve a beneficial state for the host. In conclusion, the covariation of diet and gut microbiome identified in our study demonstrates a modulation of the gut microbiome by dietary diversity and helps us better understand how birds live based on diet-microbiome-host interactions. IMPORTANCE Our study identified food source, rather than host phylogeny, as the main factor modulating the gut microbiome diversity of nonpasserine birds, after minimizing the effects of other complex interfering factors such as weather, season, and geography. Adaptive evolution of microbes to food types formed a dietary-microbiome-host interaction reciprocal state. The covariation of diet and gut microbiome, including the response of microbiota assembly to diet in structure and function, is important for health and nutrition in animals. Our findings help resolve the major modulators of gut microbiome diversity in nonpasserine birds, which had not previously been well studied. The diet-microbe interactions and cooccurrence patterns identified in our study may be of special interest for future health assessment and conservation in birds.

scholarly journals The effects of sustained fitness improvement on the gut microbiome: A longitudinal, repeated measures case-study approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiley Barton ◽  
Owen Cronin ◽  
Isabel Garcia-Perez ◽  
Ronan Whiston ◽  
Elaine Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Methyl Nicotinate ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Α Diversity

AbstractObjectiveThe composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiome in the elite athlete differs from that of non-athletes. However, short-term fitness improvement in the sedentary adult does not replicate the microbiome characteristics seen in the athlete. Whether sustained fitness improvement over a prolonged period can lead to pronounced and beneficial alteration in the gut microbiome is unknown. The objective was to explore this possibility.MethodsThis study used a repeated-measures, case-study approach to explore changes in the gut microbiome of two unfit volunteers undertaking progressive exercise training over a 6-month period. Training was to culminate in the completion of a marathon or Olympic-distance triathlon. The volunteers were sampled every two weeks for six months and microbiome, metabolome, diet, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness data were recorded.ResultsBoth participants completed their respective goals with improved body composition and fitness parameters over the training period. Increases in α-diversity of the gut microbiota occurred with sustained training and fluctuations occurred in response to training events (e.g., injury, illness and training peaks). Participants’ fat mass and BMI reduced during the study and was significantly associated with increased urinary measurements of N-methyl nicotinate (P value < 0.001) and hippurate (P value < 0.05), and decreased phenylacetylglutamine (P value < 0.05).ConclusionThese results suggest that sustained fitness improvements result in alterations to gut microbiota and physiologically-relevant metabolites. This study provides longitudinal analysis of the response of the gut microbiome to real-world events during progressive fitness training, including intercurrent illness and injury.

scholarly journals A multi-omic cohort as a reference point for promoting a healthy human gut microbiome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuye Jie ◽  
Suisha Liang ◽  
Qiuxia Ding ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Shanmei Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Omics Data ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Sleeping Habits ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
High Depth

AbstractMore than a decade of gut microbiome studies have a common goal for human health. As most of the disease studies sample the elderly or the middle-aged, a reference cohort for young individuals has been lacking. It is also not clear what other omics data need to be measured to better understand the gut microbiome. Here we present high-depth metagenomic shotgun sequencing data for the fecal microbiome together with other omics data in a cohort of 2,183 adults, and observe a number of vitamins, hormones, amino acids and trace elements to correlate with the gut microbiome and cluster with T cell receptors. Associations with physical fitness, sleeping habits and dairy consumption are identified in this large multi-omic cohort. Many of the associations are validated in an additional cohort of 1,404 individuals. Our comprehensive data are poised to advise future study designs to better understand and manage our gut microbiome both in population and in mechanistic investigations.

scholarly journals Double-blind RCT of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy and lactation to improve the metabolic health in children of mothers with overweight or obesity during pregnancy: study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e041015
Author(s):  
Vidit V Satokar ◽  
Wayne S Cutfield ◽  
José G B Derraik ◽  
Matire Harwood ◽  
Karaponi Okasene-Gafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fish Oil Supplementation ◽  
In Pregnancy

IntroductionMaternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with adverse changes in body composition and metabolism in the offspring. We hypothesise that supplementation during pregnancy of overweight and obese women may help prevent the development of greater adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in children. Previous clinical trials investigating fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on metabolic outcomes and body composition of the children have not focused on the pregnancies of overweight or obese women.Methods and analysisA double-blind randomised controlled trial of fish oil (providing 3 g/day of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) versus an equal volume of olive oil (control) taken daily from recruitment until birth, and in breastfeeding mothers, further continued for 3 months post partum. Eligible women will have a singleton pregnancy at 12–20 weeks’ gestation and be aged 18–40 years with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 at baseline. We aim to recruit a minimum of 128 participants to be randomised 1:1. Clinical assessments will be performed at baseline and 30 weeks of pregnancy, including anthropometric measurements, fasting metabolic markers, measures of anxiety, physical activity, quality of life and dietary intake. Subsequent assessments will be performed when the infant is 2 weeks, 3 months and 12 months of age for anthropometry, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)) and blood sampling. The primary outcome of the study is a between-group difference in infant percentage body fatness, assessed by DXA, at 2 weeks of age. Secondary outcomes will include differences in anthropometric measures at each time point, percentage body fat at 3 and 12 months and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance at 3 months. Statistical analysis will be carried out on the principle of intention to treat.Ethics and disseminationThis trial was approved by the Northern A Health and Disabilities Ethics Committee, New Zealand Ministry of Health (17/NTA/154). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberACTRN12617001078347p; Pre-results.

scholarly journals Vitamin D metabolites and the gut microbiome in older men

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Thomas ◽  
Lingjing Jiang ◽  
John S. Adams ◽  
Zhenjiang Zech Xu ◽  
Jian Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity

AbstractThe vitamin D receptor is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract where it transacts gene expression. With current limited understanding of the interactions between the gut microbiome and vitamin D, we conduct a cross-sectional analysis of 567 older men quantifying serum vitamin D metabolites using LC-MSMS and defining stool sub-Operational Taxonomic Units from16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing data. Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity and non-redundant covariate analyses reveal that the serum 1,25(OH)2D level explains 5% of variance in α-diversity. In β-diversity analyses using unweighted UniFrac, 1,25(OH)2D is the strongest factor assessed, explaining 2% of variance. Random forest analyses identify 12 taxa, 11 in the phylum Firmicutes, eight of which are positively associated with either 1,25(OH)2D and/or the hormone-to-prohormone [1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D] “activation ratio.” Men with higher levels of 1,25(OH)2D and higher activation ratios, but not 25(OH)D itself, are more likely to possess butyrate producing bacteria that are associated with better gut microbial health.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome Distinguishes Patients With Epilepsy From Healthy Individuals

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangying Cui ◽  
Shanshuo Liu ◽  
Zhenguo Liu ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Tianwen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Central China ◽  
Venn Diagram ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Α Diversity

Objective: The gut microecosystem is the largest microecosystem in the human body and has been proven to be linked to neurological diseases. The main objective of this study was to characterize the fecal microbiome, investigate the differences between epilepsy patients and healthy controls, and evaluate the potential efficacy of the fecal microbiome as a diagnostic tool for epilepsy.Design: We collected 74 fecal samples from epilepsy patients (Eps, n = 24) and healthy controls (HCs, n = 50) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and subjected the samples to 16S rRNA MiSeq sequencing and analysis. We set up a train set and a test set, identified the optimal microbial markers for epilepsy after characterizing the gut microbiome in the former and built a diagnostic model, then validated it in the validation group.Results: There were significant differences in microbial communities between the two groups. The α-diversity of the HCs was higher than that of the epilepsy group, but the Venn diagram showed that there were more unique operational taxonomic unit (OTU) in the epilepsy group. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota increased significantly in Eps, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidota increased in HCs. Compared with HCs, Eps were enriched in 23 genera, including Faecalibacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, Subdoligranulum and Enterobacteriaceae-unclassified. In contrast, 59 genera including Bacteroides, Megamonas, Prevotella, Lachnospiraceae-unclassified and Blautia increased in the HCs. In Spearman correlation analysis, age, WBC, RBC, PLT, ALB, CREA, TBIL, Hb and Urea were positively correlated with most of the different OTUs. Seizure-type, course and frequency are negatively correlated with most of the different OTUs. In addition, twenty-two optimal microbial markers were identified by a fivefold cross-validation of the random forest model. In the established train set and test set, the area under the curve was 0.9771 and 0.993, respectively.Conclusion: Our study was the first to characterize the gut microbiome of Eps and HCs in central China and demonstrate the potential efficacy of microbial markers as a noninvasive biological diagnostic tool for epilepsy.

scholarly journals Retinitis pigmentosa is associated with shifts in the gut microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Kutsyr ◽  
Lucía Maestre-Carballa ◽  
Mónica Lluesma-Gomez ◽  
Manuel Martinez-Garcia ◽  
Nicolás Cuenca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Potential Biomarker

AbstractThe gut microbiome is known to influence the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. However, there has been relatively little focus upon the implications of the gut microbiome in retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Here, we investigated changes in gut microbiome composition linked to RP, by assessing both retinal degeneration and gut microbiome in the rd10 mouse model of RP as compared to control C57BL/6J mice. In rd10 mice, retinal responsiveness to flashlight stimuli and visual acuity were deteriorated with respect to observed in age-matched control mice. This functional decline in dystrophic animals was accompanied by photoreceptor loss, morphologic anomalies in photoreceptor cells and retinal reactive gliosis. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data showed a microbial gut dysbiosis with differences in alpha and beta diversity at the genera, species and amplicon sequence variants (ASV) levels between dystrophic and control mice. Remarkably, four fairly common ASV in healthy gut microbiome belonging to Rikenella spp., Muribaculaceace spp., Prevotellaceae UCG-001 spp., and Bacilli spp. were absent in the gut microbiome of retinal disease mice, while Bacteroides caecimuris was significantly enriched in mice with RP. The results indicate that retinal degenerative changes in RP are linked to relevant gut microbiome changes. The findings suggest that microbiome shifting could be considered as potential biomarker and therapeutic target for retinal degenerative diseases.

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