scholarly journals Diet Quality and Bone Density in Youth with Healthy Weight, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3288
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Kindler ◽  
Sina Gallo ◽  
Philip R. Khoury ◽  
Elaine M. Urbina ◽  
Babette S. Zemel
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Z Scores

Purpose: To assess relationships between diet quality and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in youth with healthy weight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from youth (55% African American, 70% female) ages 10–23 years with T2D (n = 90), obesity (BMI > 95th; n = 128), or healthy weight (BMI < 85th; n = 197). Whole body (less head) areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). aBMD was expressed as age-, sex-, and ancestry-specific standard deviation scores (Z-scores). Whole body aBMD Z-scores were adjusted for height-for-age Z-score. Diet was assessed via three-day diaries, and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was computed. Total HEI score and HEI subcomponent scores were compared across groups, and associations with aBMD Z-scores were assessed via linear regression adjusted for group, age, sex, and ancestry. Results: Mean HEI was similar between the healthy weight, obesity, and T2D groups. Several HEI sub-components differed between groups, including meats and beans, total vegetables, milk, saturated fat, sodium, oils, and empty calories. The obesity and T2D group had significantly greater aBMD Z-scores compared to the healthy weight group. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed a significant positive association between HEI and aBMD Z-score (p < 0.05). The HEI sub-components for whole grains (p = 0.052) and empty calories (p < 0.05) were positively associated with aBMD Z-score. Conclusions: Individuals that followed a dietary pattern more closely aligned with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans had greater bone density. Since few studies have investigated the role of diet on bone in youth with obesity-related conditions, additional research is required among these populations.

scholarly journals Bone Mass and Density in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Healthy Weight

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Kindler ◽  
Andrea Kelly ◽  
Philip R. Khoury ◽  
Lorraine E. Levitt Katz ◽  
Elaine M. Urbina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Z Scores

<b>Objective</b>: Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is an aggressive condition with increasing incidence. Adults with type 2 diabetes have increased fracture risk despite normal areal bone mineral density (aBMD), but the influence of diabetes on the growing skeleton is unknown. We compared bone health in youth with type 2 diabetes to controls with obesity or healthy weight. <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b>: Cross-sectional study of youth (56% African American, 67% female) ages 10-23 years with type 2 diabetes (n=180), obesity (BMI>95<sup>th</sup>; n=226), or healthy weight (BMI<85<sup>th</sup>; n=238). Whole body (less head) aBMD and lean mass, and abdominal visceral fat were assessed via DXA. Lean body mass index (LBMI) and aBMD standard deviation (SD) scores (“Z-scores”) were computed using published reference data. </p> <p><b>Results</b>: We observed age-dependent differences in aBMD and LBMI Z-scores between the healthy weight, obese, and type 2 diabetes groups. In children, aBMD and LBMI Z-scores were greater in the type 2 diabetes vs obese groups, but in adolescents and young adults, aBMD and LBMI Z-scores were lower in the type 2 diabetes vs. obese group (age interactions P<0.05). In the type 2 diabetes and obese groups, aBMD was about 0.5 SDs lower for a given LBMI Z-score compared to healthy weight controls (P<0.05). Further, aBMD was lower in those with greater visceral fat (β=-0.121, P=0.047).</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b>: These results suggest that type 2 diabetes may be detrimental to bone density around the age of peak bone mass. Given the increased fracture risk in adults with type 2 diabetes, there is a pressing need for longitudinal studies aimed at understanding the influence of diabetes on the growing skeleton.</p>

scholarly journals Bone Mass and Density in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Healthy Weight

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Kindler ◽  
Andrea Kelly ◽  
Philip R. Khoury ◽  
Lorraine E. Levitt Katz ◽  
Elaine M. Urbina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Z Scores

<b>Objective</b>: Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is an aggressive condition with increasing incidence. Adults with type 2 diabetes have increased fracture risk despite normal areal bone mineral density (aBMD), but the influence of diabetes on the growing skeleton is unknown. We compared bone health in youth with type 2 diabetes to controls with obesity or healthy weight. <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b>: Cross-sectional study of youth (56% African American, 67% female) ages 10-23 years with type 2 diabetes (n=180), obesity (BMI>95<sup>th</sup>; n=226), or healthy weight (BMI<85<sup>th</sup>; n=238). Whole body (less head) aBMD and lean mass, and abdominal visceral fat were assessed via DXA. Lean body mass index (LBMI) and aBMD standard deviation (SD) scores (“Z-scores”) were computed using published reference data. </p> <p><b>Results</b>: We observed age-dependent differences in aBMD and LBMI Z-scores between the healthy weight, obese, and type 2 diabetes groups. In children, aBMD and LBMI Z-scores were greater in the type 2 diabetes vs obese groups, but in adolescents and young adults, aBMD and LBMI Z-scores were lower in the type 2 diabetes vs. obese group (age interactions P<0.05). In the type 2 diabetes and obese groups, aBMD was about 0.5 SDs lower for a given LBMI Z-score compared to healthy weight controls (P<0.05). Further, aBMD was lower in those with greater visceral fat (β=-0.121, P=0.047).</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b>: These results suggest that type 2 diabetes may be detrimental to bone density around the age of peak bone mass. Given the increased fracture risk in adults with type 2 diabetes, there is a pressing need for longitudinal studies aimed at understanding the influence of diabetes on the growing skeleton.</p>

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Bone Mineral Density and Type 2 Diabetes in Obese Children and Adolescents at the Time of Initial Diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Hae Lee ◽  
Jong Yoon ◽  
Kyu Park ◽  
Jung Lim ◽  
Jin Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Femur Neck ◽  
Z Scores

AbstractLong-term effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) on bone health remain unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the possible association of bone mineral density (BMD) at multiple sites with T2D after correcting for several potential confounders such as age, sex, Tanner stage, and BMI known to affect BMD in adolescents with newly developed T2D. In this cross-sectional study, 17 children and adolescents with T2D and 59 age, sex, and BMI-matched controls were included. All subjects underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure regional and whole-body composition with Lunar Prodigy at the time of initial diagnosis. A BMD Z-score was calculated using data from healthy Korean children and adolescents after adjusting for height-for-age. The mean age of all subjects was 12.9±2.4 years (range, 8.3–18.3 years). BMDht Z-scores for lumbar spine and total body after adjusted for age, sex, BMI SDS, and Tanner stage were not significantly different between patients and controls. However, BMDht Z-scores for femur neck and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) Z-scores of lumbar spine were significantly lower in T2D patients than those in healthy controls. HOMA-IR or HbA1c was not associated with BMDht Z-scores at multiple sites. BMDht Z-scores at multiple sites except femur neck in adolescents with newly developed T2D were similar to those in obese controls after adjustment for potential confounders.

scholarly journals Bone mineral density and mandibular osteoporotic alterations in type 2 diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Luciana Munhoz ◽  
Isabela Goulart Gil Choi ◽  
Reinaldo Abdala Junior ◽  
Rogério Abdala ◽  
Emiko Saito Arita
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cortical Index ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Mandibular Cortical Index

<p><strong>Objective</strong><strong>:</strong> To assess the influence of type 2 diabetes on bone mineral density in a group of type 2 diabetic patients, in comparison with non-diabetic patients. Additionally, to evaluate the correlation between mandibular cortical index and bone mineral density. <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>48 patients (24 diabetics and 24 non-diabetics) referred for femur and spine densitometry and panoramic radiograph examination were included in this study. Patients were diagnosed based on densitometric results of the total femur and total spine. All panoramic radiomorphometric measurements were performed by 3 observers. Differences in T and Z-scores between both groups were evaluated with Mann-Whitney test and non-parametric correlations between mandibular cortical index and T/Z-scores were carried out with Spearman’s test. <strong>Results</strong>: Median T and Z-scores for total femur and total spine presented no statistical significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. In addition, only diabetics total femur and non-diabetics total spine T-scores were significantly correlated with mandibular cortical index. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The present results suggest that type 2 diabetic patients have similar Z and T-scores in femur and spine when compared to non-diabetic patients. Mandibular cortical index, assessed on panoramic radiographs is inversely correlated with femur densitometry results in diabetics and spine bone mineral density in non-diabetic patients.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Bone Mineral Density; Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry; Panoramic radiography; Osteoporosis; Type 2 Diabetes.</p>

Effect of serum cholesterol on bone mineral density in normal-weight children and adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Hyuk Lim
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Z Scores

AbstractWe investigated whether there is a relationship between serum cholesterol and bone mineral density (BMD), independent of BMI in children and adolescents. This study was based on data from the KNHANES 2009–2010. The data for 1557 children and adolescents were analyzed and classified into three groups: underweight, normal-weight, and overweight. We analyzed the relationships between serum cholesterol and BMD z-scores. Whole body BMD z-score was revealed as an inverse association with the serum cholesterol quartile in only normal-weight group (p=0.008). Serum cholesterol level correlated more inversely with BMD z-score in normal-weight boys (

Bone mineral density in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with and without hypogonadism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agathi Vasileiou ◽  
Ioanna Karathanassi ◽  
Parthena Navrozidou ◽  
Marianna Vlychou ◽  
Georgios Koukoulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Male Patients

Trabecular Bone Score in Thais with or without Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1131-1137
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Trabecular Bone Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Men And Women

Background: When compared to people without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), people with T2DM have an increase in fracture risk despite having higher bone mineral density (BMD). Many studies in Caucasians demonstrated that trabecular bone score (TBS) is lower in people with T2DM than those without. The utility of TBS as a fracture risk assessment tool in Asians with T2DM is currently unclear. Objective: To compared lumbar spine (LS) BMD and TBS in Thais with or without T2DM and investigate the correlation between TBS and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and diabetes duration in participants with T2DM. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study that included 97 participants with T2DM (37 men and 60 women) and 342 participants without T2DM (174 men and 168 women). LS-BMD and TBS were obtained. Results: Men and women with T2DM were older and had higher body mass index (BMI). Men with T2DM had significant higher LS-BMD (1.051±0.166 versus 0.972±0.125, p=0.009) and non-significant lower TBS (1.333±0.084 versus 1.365±0.096, p=0.055) than those without. Similarly, women with T2DM had significant higher LS-BMD (0.995±0.155 versus 0.949±0.124, p=0.021) and lower TBS (1.292±0.105 versus 1.382±0.096, p<0.001). After adjusting for age and BMI, T2DM predicted higher BMD in men (p<0.001), but not in women (p=0.143). T2DM was not associated with TBS after adjusting for age and BMI in both genders (p=0.403 and p=0.151 in men and women, respectively). TBS did not correlate with HbA1c in both genders. However, TBS was non-significantly associated with diabetes duration in women (p=0.073), but not in men (p=0.639). Conclusion: T2DM significantly predicted higher LS-BMD only in men and was not independently associated with TBS in both genders. These data highlighted that, in T2DM, there was some variation in the clinical usefulness of BMD and TBS in predicting osteoporotic fractures with regard to clinical characteristic of participants. Keywords: Bone mineral density, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Trabecular bone score

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