scholarly journals Prebiotic Inulin Supplementation and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in adults at Elevated Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3235
Author(s):  
Cassie M. Mitchell ◽  
Brenda M. Davy ◽  
Monica A. Ponder ◽  
Ryan P. McMillan ◽  
Michael D. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Baseline Group ◽  
Baseline Values

Prediabetes affects 84.1 million adults, and many will progress to type 2 diabetes (T2D). The objective of this proof-of-concept trial was to determine the efficacy of inulin supplementation to improve glucose metabolism and reduce T2D risk. Adults (n = 24; BMI: 31.3 ± 2.9 kg/m2; age: 54.4 ± 8.3 years) at risk for T2D were enrolled in this controlled feeding trial and consumed either inulin (10 g/day) or placebo (maltodextrin, 10 g/day) for six weeks. Assessments included peripheral insulin sensitivity, fasting glucose, and insulin, HOMA-IR, in vivo skeletal muscle substrate preference, Bifidobacteria copy number, intestinal permeability, and endotoxin concentrations. Participant retention was 92%. There were no baseline group differences except for fasting insulin (p = 0.003). The magnitude of reduction in fasting insulin concentrations with inulin (p = 0.003, inulin = Δ-2.9, placebo = Δ2.3) was attenuated after adjustment for baseline concentrations (p = 0.04). After adjusting for baseline values, reduction in HOMA-IR with inulin (inulin = Δ-0.40, placebo=Δ0.27; p = 0.004) remained significant. Bifidobacteria 16s increased (p = 0.04; inulin = Δ3.1e9, placebo = Δ-8.9e8) with inulin supplementation. Despite increases in gut Bifidobacteria, inulin supplementation did not improve peripheral insulin sensitivity. These findings question the need for larger investigations of inulin and insulin sensitivity in this population.

scholarly journals Impaired peripheral insulin sensitivity in non-obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and fatty liver

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Furukawa ◽  
Yoshifumi Tamura ◽  
Kageumi Takeno ◽  
Takashi Funayama ◽  
Hideyoshi Kaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity

scholarly journals Effects of Light Therapy on Mood and Insulin Sensitivity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Depression: Results From a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Diabetes Care ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. dc181732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies Brouwer ◽  
Daniel H. van Raalte ◽  
Hoang-Ton Nguyen ◽  
Femke Rutters ◽  
Peter M. van de Ven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Light Therapy

Abstract P236: Association of Obesity-related Genomic Loci and Type 2 Diabetes among Chinese Population

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomu Kong ◽  
Xuelian Zhang ◽  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Jiang He ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Linear Regression Models

Obesity is one of the most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study is to examine the associations between established obesity-related genomic loci and T2D as well as multiple quantitative glycemic traits among Chinese population. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near or within genes NEGR1 , SEC16B , TMEM18 , ETV5/DGKG , BAT2 , BDNFOS , BDNF , FAIM2 , MC4R , KCTD15 , MTCH2 , GNPDA2 , NPC1 , MAF , PTER , PRL , PCSK1 , PFKP , CTNNBL1 , NRXN3 , MSRA , SLC30A10 and TFAP2B from 23 independent genomic loci were genotyped among 5,338 T2D patients and 4,663 controls. An additive genetic model was assumed. Logistic and linear regression models were used to examine the associations of these genomic loci with T2D and glycemic traits, respectively. Two SNPs near MC4R (rs12970134) and GNPDA2 (rs10938397) genes were significantly associated with T2D after adjusting for age and gender (OR [95% CI] = 1.14 [1.06, 1.22] for per A allele of rs12970134, P = 4.75х10 -4 ; OR [95% CI] = 1.10 [1.03, 1.17] for per G allele of rs10938397, P = 4.54х10 -3 ). When body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference was further adjusted for in logistic regression models, the association of MC4R with T2D maintained significant (OR [95% CI] = 1.10 [1.02, 1.20], P = 1.81х10 -2 ) and that of GNPDA2 attenuated to non-significance (OR [95% CI] = 1.06 [0.98, 1.14], P = 1.26х10 -1 ). In addition, eight loci (near or within SEC16B , BDNF , KCTD15 , MAF , PRL , PCSK1 , CTNNBL1 and NRXN3 genes) showed significant associations with quantitative glycemic traits in the controls even after adjusting for BMI and waist circumference ( P < 0.05). For example, the G allele of SNP rs10146997 in the NRXN3 gene was associated with higher fasting insulin level (β [SE] = 0.064 [0.026], P = 1.31х10 -2 ), HOMA-IR (β [SE] = 0.064 [0.027], P = 1.71х10 -2 ) and lower insulin sensitivity (assessed by Matsuda index, β [SE] = -0.051 [0.026], P = 4.67х10 -2 ) compared to the A allele. The T allele of SNP rs6013029 in the CTNNBL1 was associated with greater fasting insulin(β [SE] = 0.098 [0.038], P = 1.02х10 -2 ), HOMA-IR (β [SE] = 0.100 [0.039], P = 1.13х10 -2 ) and HOMA-B (β [SE] = 0.104 [0.053], P = 4.73х10 -2 ), as well as lower insulin sensitivity (β [SE] = -0.096 [0.039], P = 1.47х10 -2 ) compared to G allele, suggesting its potential role in insulin resistance. In conclusion, these data suggest that these obesity-related genomic loci may be associated with T2D and glycemic traits after accounting for BMI and waist circumference among Chinese population.

scholarly journals Correlation of Circulating Acid-Labile Subunit Levels with Insulin Sensitivity and Serum LDL Cholesterol in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Findings from a Prospective Study with Rosiglitazone

PPAR Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Chuen Lai ◽  
Hung-Yuan Li ◽  
Ta-Jen Wu ◽  
Chi-Yuan Jeng ◽  
Lee-Ming Chuang
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Acid Labile Subunit ◽  
Acid Labile

Silencing of acid-labile subunit (ALS) improved glucose metabolism in animal models. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of rosiglitazone (RSG) on ALS levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly distributed to an RSG-treated(n=30)or a placebo(n=31)group. Patients were evaluated prior to treatment at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks after treatment. At baseline, ALS levels were negatively associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) levels and homeostatic model assessment version 2 insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S). Over 24 weeks, there was a significantly greater reduction in ALS levels in the nonobese RSG-treated individuals than placebo-treated group. The effect of RSG on ALS was not significant in obese individuals. Fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c were reduced, but total cholesterol and LDLc were increased, in patients on RSG. Change in ALS levels predicted changes in total cholesterol and HOMA2-%S over time. This study suggested a BMI-dependent effect of RSG treatment on ALS levels. Reduction of ALS by RSG increases the risk of atherosclerosis in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document