scholarly journals Soy Consumption, but Not Dairy Consumption, Is Inversely Associated with Fatty Acid Desaturase Activity in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2817
Author(s):  
Melissa Gonzalez-Soto ◽  
Salma A Abdelmagid ◽  
David W.L. Ma ◽  
Ahmed El-Sohemy ◽  
David M Mutch
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Pathway Activity ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Omega 6

Past research using hepatic rat microsomes showed that soy protein suppressed delta-6 desaturase activity (D6D) compared to casein (a dairy protein). The effects of soy and dairy on desaturase pathway activity in humans remain poorly investigated. The objective of this analysis was to investigate the association between soy and dairy consumption with plasma fatty acids and estimate the desaturase pathway activity in a multiethnic Canadian population of young adults. We analyzed data from men (n = 319) and women (n = 764) previously collected for the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study. Food frequency questionnaires and plasma fatty acids were assessed. Relationships between soy and dairy beverages and food consumption with estimated desaturase activities were assessed by regression models and by grouping participants according to beverage and food intake data. Weak inverse associations (p ≤ 0.05) were found between soy consumption and the overall desaturation pathway activity, specifically D6D activity. When participants were grouped based on soy and dairy consumption habits, omega-6 LC-PUFAs, as well as various estimates of the desaturase pathway activity, were significantly lower in individuals consuming soy (with or without dairy) compared to individuals consuming only fluid milk and dairy products. In conclusion, soy consumption, not dairy consumption, appears to suppress desaturase pathway activity.

scholarly journals 139 Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics: Nutrient-gene interactions in humans and animals

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
Artemis P Simopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

Abstract Human beings evolved on a diet that was balanced in the omega-6 and omega-3 essential fatty acids to which their genes were programmed to respond. Studies on gene-nutrient interactions using methods from molecular biology and genetics have clearly shown that there are genetic differences in the population, as well as differences in the frequency of genetic variations that interact with diet and influence the growth and development of humans and animals, as well as overall health and chronic disease. Nutrigenetics refers to studies on the role of genetic variants and their response to diet. For example, persons with genetic variants in the metabolism of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids have different levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) based on the type of genetic variant in the Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 (FADS1) and Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (FADS2). At the same level of linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) a person with a genetic variant that increases the activity of the FADS1 will have a higher AA in the red cell membrane phospholipids and a higher risk for obesity and cardiovascular disease. Nutrigenomics refers to how nutrients (diets) influence the expression of genes. For example, diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA decrease the expression of inflammatory genes and as a result decrease the risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease. Thus, through studies on Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics nutritional science stands at its “golden threshold” where personalized nutrition is the future, to improve an individual’s health.

Omega-6 fatty acids: Opposing associations with risk—The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1082-1090.e14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela E. Delgado ◽  
Winfried März ◽  
Stefan Lorkowski ◽  
Clemens von Schacky ◽  
Marcus E. Kleber
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Omega 6

scholarly journals Plasma fatty acids, oxylipins, and risk of myocardial infarction: the Singapore Chinese Health Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1300-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Sun ◽  
Hiromi W. L. Koh ◽  
Hyungwon Choi ◽  
Woon-Puay Koh ◽  
Jian-Min Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids ◽  
Singapore Chinese

Abstract 1869: Plasma fatty acids and colorectal cancer risk: The Singapore Chinese Health Study

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley M. Butler ◽  
Woon P. Koh ◽  
Jin Su ◽  
Renwei Wang ◽  
Choon N. Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids ◽  
Singapore Chinese

scholarly journals Cytochrome b 5 Coexpression Increases Tetrahymena thermophila Δ6 Fatty Acid Desaturase Activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy L. Dahmen ◽  
Rebecca Olsen ◽  
Deirdre Fahy ◽  
James G. Wallis ◽  
John Browse
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Tetrahymena Thermophila ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Split Ubiquitin

ABSTRACT Very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids, are important to the physiology of many microorganisms and metazoans and are vital to human development and health. The production of these and related fatty acids depends on Δ6 desaturases, the final components of an electron transfer chain that introduces double bonds into 18-carbon fatty acid chains. When a Δ6 desaturase identified from the ciliated protist Tetrahymena thermophila was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures supplemented with the 18:2 Δ9,12 substrate, only 4% of the incorporated substrate was desaturated. Cytochrome b 5 protein sequences identified from the genome of T. thermophila included one sequence with two conserved cytochrome b 5 domains. Desaturation by the Δ6 enzyme increased as much as 10-fold when T. thermophila cytochrome b 5 s were coexpressed with the desaturase. Coexpression of a cytochrome b 5 from Arabidopsis thaliana with the Δ6 enzyme also increased desaturation. A split ubiquitin growth assay indicated that the strength of interaction between cytochrome b 5 proteins and the desaturase plays a vital role in fatty acid desaturase activity, illustrating the importance of protein-protein interactions in this enzyme activity.

scholarly journals The Effect of an Infant Formula Supplemented with AA and DHA on Fatty Acid Levels of Infants with Different FADS Genotypes: The COGNIS Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Salas Lorenzo ◽  
Aida Chisaguano Tonato ◽  
Andrea de la Garza Puentes ◽  
Ana Nieto ◽  
Florian Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Major Allele

Polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes influence the arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid concentrations (crucial in early life). Infants with specific genotypes may require different amounts of these fatty acids (FAs) to maintain an adequate status. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an infant formula supplemented with AA and DHA on FAs of infants with different FADS genotypes. In total, 176 infants from the COGNIS study were randomly allocated to the Standard Formula (SF; n = 61) or the Experimental Formula (EF; n = 70) group, the latter supplemented with AA and DHA. Breastfed infants were added as a reference group (BF; n = 45). FAs and FADS polymorphisms were analyzed from cheek cells collected at 3 months of age. FADS minor allele carriership in formula fed infants, especially those supplemented, was associated with a declined desaturase activity and lower AA and DHA levels. Breastfed infants were not affected, possibly to the high content of AA and DHA in breast milk. The supplementation increased AA and DHA levels, but mostly in major allele carriers. In conclusion, infant FADS genotype could contribute to narrow the gap of AA and DHA concentrations between breastfed and formula fed infants.

scholarly journals Molecular cloning of Δ9 fatty acid desaturase from the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila and its mRNA expression during thermal membrane adaptation

1996 ◽  
Vol 317 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru NAKASHIMA ◽  
Yutong ZHAO ◽  
Yoshinori NOZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Amblyomma Americanum ◽  
Transcriptional Level

In response to a decrease in its growth temperature, the protozoan Tetrahymena is known to increase the level of unsaturated fatty acids in its membrane phospholipids so as to maintain the correct physical state (fluidity) of the membranes. In this organism, synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids is initiated by Δ9 acyl-CoA desaturase. Our previous studies have shown that, during cold adaptation, the activity of microsomal palmitoyl- and stearoyl-CoA desaturase increases, reaching a maximal level at 2 h after a temperature down-shift to 15 °C. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain this increase in desaturase activity: (1) self-regulation via a direct effect of reduced membrane fluidity, and (2) induction of desaturase mRNA. However, the precise mechanism is not clearly understood. In order to obtain further insight into the mechanism of regulation of the desaturase, we have isolated a gene that encodes Δ9 fatty acid desaturase from T. thermophila and examined its expression during cold adaptation. The nucleotide sequence indicates that the 1.4 kbp gene encodes a polypeptide of 292 amino acid residues which shows marked sequence similarity to Δ9 acyl-CoA desaturases from other sources, e.g. rat, mouse, Amblyomma americanum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This protein has three histidine-cluster motifs (one HXXXXH and two HXXHH), and two hydrophobic regions which are conserved among Δ9 acyl-CoA desaturases. The level of desaturase mRNA was sensitive to decreasing the temperature of the culture media, and was close to maximal immediately after the temperature was shifted down from 35 °C to 15 °C (0.8 °C/min). Thereafter, the amount of mRNA gradually decreased with time, but remained above the control level for at least 5 h. Furthermore, during the course of the cooling process to 15 °C, the increased expression of desaturase mRNA became evident at 27 °C. Nuclear run-on analysis and actinomycin D chase experiments revealed that the elevation of the mRNA level was due to increases in both transcription and mRNA stability. These results suggest that the enhanced desaturase activity is controlled, at least in part, at the transcriptional level.

scholarly journals Absolute versus relative measures of plasma fatty acids and health outcomes: example of phospholipid omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and all-cause mortality in women

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 713-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Miura ◽  
Maria Celia B. Hughes ◽  
Jacobus P. J. Ungerer ◽  
David D. Smith ◽  
Adèle C. Green
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Omega 6
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