scholarly journals Hesperidin Is a Potential Inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2800
Author(s):  
Fang-Ju Cheng ◽  
Thanh-Kieu Huynh ◽  
Chia-Shin Yang ◽  
Dai-Wei Hu ◽  
Yi-Cheng Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Docking Simulation ◽  
Cellular Proteins ◽  
Cellular Receptor ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Transmembrane Serine Protease ◽  
Flavanone Glycoside ◽  
High Bioavailability

Hesperidin (HD) is a common flavanone glycoside isolated from citrus fruits and possesses great potential for cardiovascular protection. Hesperetin (HT) is an aglycone metabolite of HD with high bioavailability. Through the docking simulation, HD and HT have shown their potential to bind to two cellular proteins: transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which are required for the cellular entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our results further found that HT and HD suppressed the infection of VeroE6 cells using lentiviral-based pseudo-particles with wild types and variants of SARS-CoV-2 with spike (S) proteins, by blocking the interaction between the S protein and cellular receptor ACE2 and reducing ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression. In summary, hesperidin is a potential TMPRSS2 inhibitor for the reduction of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Possible Transmission Flow of SARS-CoV-2 Based on ACE2 Features

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5906
Author(s):  
Sk. Sarif Hassan ◽  
Shinjini Ghosh ◽  
Diksha Attrish ◽  
Pabitra Pal Choudhury ◽  
Alaa A. A. Aljabali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Cellular Receptor ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Protein Receptor

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the cellular receptor for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is engendering the severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 binds to the three sub-domains viz. amino acids (aa) 22–42, aa 79–84, and aa 330–393 of ACE2 on human cells to initiate entry. It was reported earlier that the receptor utilization capacity of ACE2 proteins from different species, such as cats, chimpanzees, dogs, and cattle, are different. A comprehensive analysis of ACE2 receptors of nineteen species was carried out in this study, and the findings propose a possible SARS-CoV-2 transmission flow across these nineteen species.

scholarly journals Possible transmission flow of SARS-CoV-2 based on ACE2 features

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sk. Sarif Hassan ◽  
Shinjini Ghosh ◽  
Diksha Attrish ◽  
Pabitra Pal Choudhury ◽  
Vladimir N. Uversky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Cellular Receptor ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Protein Receptor

AbstractAngiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the cellular receptor for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is engendering the severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 binds to the three sub-domains viz. amino acids (aa) 22-42, aa 79-84, and aa 330-393 of ACE2 on human cells to initiate entry. It was reported earlier that the receptor utilization capacity of ACE2 proteins from different species, such as cats, chimpanzees, dogs, and cattle, are different. A comprehensive analysis of ACE2 receptors of nineteen species was carried out in this study, and the findings propose a possible SARS-CoV-2 transmission flow across these nineteen species.

scholarly journals Development of Potent and Effective Synthetic SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Nanobodies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell A. Stefan ◽  
Yooli K. Light ◽  
Jennifer L. Schwedler ◽  
Peter R. McIlroy ◽  
Colleen M. Courtney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Cellular Receptor ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Preclinical Evaluation ◽  
High Diversity

The respiratory virus responsible for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-2), has impacted nearly every aspect of life worldwide, claiming the lives of over 2.5 million people globally, at the time of this publication. Neutralizing nanobodies (V H H) represent a promising therapeutic intervention strategy to address the current SARS-2 pandemic and provide a powerful toolkit to address future virus outbreaks. Using a synthetic, high-diversity V H H bacteriophage library, several potent neutralizing V H H antibodies were identified and evaluated for their capacity to tightly bind to the SARS-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), to prevent binding of SARS-2 spike (S) to the cellular receptor Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and to neutralize viral infection. Preliminary preclinical evaluation of multiple nanobody candidates demonstrate that they are prophylactically and therapeutically effective in vivo against wildtype SARS-2. The identified and characterized nanobodies described herein represent viable candidates for further preclinical evaluation and another tool to add to our therapeutic arsenal to address the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Coronacept – a potent immunoadhesin against SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Cohen-Dvashi ◽  
Jonathan Weinstein ◽  
Michael Katz ◽  
Maayan Eilon ◽  
Yuval Mor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Cellular Receptor ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Viral Receptor ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2

AbstractAngiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the cellular receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Computational analysis of mammalian ACE2 orthologues suggests various residues at the interface with the viral receptor binding domain that could facilitate tighter interaction compared to the human-ACE2. Introducing several mutations to the human-ACE2 resulted with significantly augmented affinity to the viral spike complex. This modified human-ACE2 fused to an Fc portion of an antibody makes a potent immunoadhesin that effectively targets SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals An Ultrasensitive Biosensor for Quantifying the Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Receptor ACE2 in Cells and in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Yang ◽  
Lidong Liu ◽  
Yawei Hao ◽  
Yee Wah So ◽  
Sahar Sarmasti Emami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Cellular Receptor ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Host Interaction

ABSTRACTThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently spreading and mutating with increasing speed worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a simple, sensitive, and high-throughput (HTP) assay to quantify virus-host interaction in order to quickly evaluate infectious ability of mutant virus and develop or validate virus-inhibiting drugs. Here we have developed an ultrasensitive bioluminescent biosensor to evaluate virus-cell interaction by quantifying the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) and its cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) both in living cells and in vitro. We have successfully used this novel biosensor to analyze SARS-CoV-2 RBD mutants, and evaluated candidate small molecules (SMs), antibodies, and peptides that may block RBD:ACE2 interaction. This simple, rapid and HTP biosensor tool will significantly expedite detection of viral mutants and anti-COVID-19 drug discovery processes.

scholarly journals Single-Cell RNA-seq Reveals Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 Expression in TROP2+ Liver Progenitor Cells: Implications in Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Liver Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Jia Wen Seow ◽  
Rhea Pai ◽  
Archita Mishra ◽  
Edwin Shepherdson ◽  
Tony Kiat Hon Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Liver Dysfunction ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Transmembrane Serine Protease

The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. COVID-19 was first reported in China (December 2019) and is now prevalent across the globe. Entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 into mammalian cells requires the binding of viral Spike (S) proteins to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. Once entered, the S protein is primed by a specialized serine protease, transmembrane serine protease 2 in the host cell. Importantly, besides the respiratory symptoms that are consistent with other common respiratory virus infections when patients become viremic, a significant number of COVID-19 patients also develop liver comorbidities. We explored whether a specific target cell-type in the mammalian liver could be implicated in disease pathophysiology other than the general deleterious response to cytokine storms. Here, we used single-cell RNA-seq to survey the human liver and identified potentially implicated liver cell-type for viral ingress. We analyzed ~300,000 single cells across five different (i.e., human fetal, healthy, cirrhotic, tumor, and adjacent normal) liver tissue types. This study reports on the co-expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane serine protease 2 in a TROP2+ liver progenitor population. Importantly, we detected enrichment of this cell population in the cirrhotic liver when compared with tumor tissue. These results indicated that in COVID-19-associated liver dysfunction and cell death, a viral infection of TROP2+ progenitors in the liver might significantly impair liver regeneration in patients with liver cirrhosis.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Detection SARS Cov-2 in Semen

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Cennikon Pakpahan ◽  
Agustinus Agustinus ◽  
Aucky Hinting
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Transmembrane Serine Protease

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus with a high virulence which cause SARS-CoV-2, a disease with potentially dangerous implications for human health and pandemic. The involvement of other organs in the spread of this virus is still being debated. Considering the presence of (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2) and Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in the reproductive organs including male reproduction,the male reproductive system possiblity for spreading SARS-CoV-2 should be studied. Reviews: Five studies were reveal the presence of SARS-CoV2 in semen. The reported results are inconsistent. Some of these studies also used unclear methods and procedures, which led to bias in the final results. Ongoing studies are needed to confirm the definite findings before specific recommendations can be made for further management. Summary: There is no definite interpretation of whether SARS-CoV-2 spreads through semen, but protection is still needed when it comes into contact with the semen.

scholarly journals Do sex-specific immunobiological factors and differences in angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression explain increased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in males?

Diagnosis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Vikse ◽  
Giuseppe Lippi ◽  
Brandon Michael Henry
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Sars Coronavirus ◽  
Immunomodulatory Treatment ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Severe Lung

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), shares similarities with the former SARS outbreak, which was caused by SARS-CoV-1. SARS was characterized by severe lung injury due to virus-induced cytopathic effects and dysregulated hyperinflammatory state. COVID-19 has a higher mortality rate in men both inside and outside China. In this opinion paper, we describe how sex-specific immunobiological factors and differences in angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression may explain the increased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in males. We highlight that immunomodulatory treatment must be tailored to the underlying immunobiology at different stages of disease. Moreover, by investigating sex-based immunobiological differences, we may enhance our understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology and facilitate improved immunomodulatory strategies.

scholarly journals ACE2 the Janus-faced protein – from cardiovascular protection to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhian M. Touyz ◽  
Hongliang Li ◽  
Christian Delles
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Sars Coronavirus ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2

Abstract Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the major enzyme responsible for conversion of Ang II into Ang-(1-7). It also acts as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2, which causes Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19. In recognition of the importance of ACE2 and to celebrate 20 years since its discovery, the journal will publish a focused issue on the basic science and (patho)physiological role of this multifunctional protein.

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