scholarly journals Metabolic, Affective and Neurocognitive Characterization of Metabolic Syndrome Patients with and without Food Addiction. Implications for Weight Progression

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2779
Author(s):  
Lucía Camacho-Barcia ◽  
Lucero Munguía ◽  
Ignacio Lucas ◽  
Rafael de la Torre ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
Baseline Weight ◽  
Successful Weight Loss

According to the food addiction (FA) model, the consumption of certain types of food could be potentially addictive and can lead to changes in intake regulation. We aimed to describe metabolic parameters, dietary characteristics, and affective and neurocognitive vulnerabilities of individuals with and without FA, and to explore its influences on weight loss progression. The sample included 448 adults (55–75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus cognition sub-study. Cognitive and psychopathological assessments, as well as dietary, biochemical, and metabolic measurements, were assessed at baseline. Weight progression was evaluated after a 3-year follow up. The presence of FA was associated with higher depressive symptomatology, neurocognitive decline, low quality of life, high body mass index (BMI), and high waist circumference, but not with metabolic comorbidities. No differences were observed in the dietary characteristics except for the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids consumption. After three years, the presence of FA at baseline resulted in a significantly higher weight regain. FA is associated with worse psychological and neurocognitive state and higher weight regain in adults with metabolic syndrome. This condition could be an indicator of bad prognosis in the search for a successful weight loss process.

scholarly journals Use of Pharmacotherapy in Obesity Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Wei Tham
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Behavioural Modification ◽  
Successful Weight Loss

Obesity is a chronic disease which is often relapsing and progressive due in part to the physiology of energy homeostasis in people with obesity, rendering them with the challenge of attaining adequate weight loss and weight maintenance after successful weight loss. Depending on the presence, types and severity of the obesity-related comorbidities (ORCs), some patients will require an amount of weight loss beyond what lifestyle and behavioural modification can achieve. Even after bariatric surgery, patients may not lose the expected amount of weight or experience weight regain. Anti-obesity medications may be required to support them further. Hence, the use of pharmacotherapy in obesity management remains an important adjunct to lifestyle and behavioural modifications and even to bariatric surgery, particularly in those with more severe ORCs and with a high body mass index. This article discusses the general approach to the use of pharmacotherapy in obesity management and the various anti-obesity medications currently approved.

Weight Regain after Bariatric Surgery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartolome Burguera ◽  
Amani Mohamed Hag ◽  
Leslie J. Heinberg
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Medical Therapies ◽  
Successful Weight Loss ◽  
Definition Of

Bariatric surgery is the most effective therapy for morbid obesity. Unfortunately, a significant number of patients experience significant postoperative weight regain, which undermines the metabolic and cardiovascular benefits of weight loss associated with surgery. When revisional procedures are not indicated and/or when behavioral factors are present (e.g., nonadherence, eating pathology), bariatric programs currently do not have any empirically evaluated treatment options to offer those burdened with less favorable outcomes. This chapter reviews the definition of successful weight loss after bariatric surgery, as well as some biologic and behavioral factors that could be implicated in weight regain after surgery. Finally, we outline the scientific evidence supporting the use of behavioral and medical therapies to prevent weight regain after surgery. Bariatric programs need to determine from clinical experience, as well as through clinical trials, what behavioral/medical therapies are the most effective for managing weight gain after bariatric surgery.

The impact of genetic polymorphisms on weight regain after successful weight loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (8) ◽  
pp. 809-823
Author(s):  
Chanisa Thonusin ◽  
Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn ◽  
Siriporn C. Chattipakorn ◽  
Nipon Chattipakorn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Successful Weight Loss ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObesity is associated with an increased risk of various diseases and mortality. Although nearly 50 % of adults have been reported trying to lose weight, the prevalence of obesity has increased. One factor that hinders weight loss-induced decrease in obesity prevalence is weight regain. Although behavioural, psychological and physiological factors associated with weight regain have been reviewed, the information regarding the relationship between weight regain and genetics has not been previously summarised. In this paper, we comprehensively review the association between genetic polymorphisms and weight regain in adults and children with obesity after weight loss. Based on this information, identification of genetic polymorphism in patients who undergo weight loss intervention might be used to estimate their risks of weight regain. Additionally, the genetic-based risk estimation may be used as a guide for physicians and dietitians to provide each of their patients with the most appropriate strategies for weight loss and weight maintenance.

scholarly journals Exercise and the metabolic syndrome with weight regain

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom R. Thomas ◽  
Shana O. Warner ◽  
Kevin C. Dellsperger ◽  
Pamela S. Hinton ◽  
Adam T. Whaley-Connell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Partial Weight

Weight loss improves metabolic syndrome (MetS) factors, but risk may return with weight regain. This study was designed to determine if exercise training can maintain improvements in MetS risk factors during weight regain. In a randomized control trial,102 overweight or obese (body mass index 25.0–39.9 kg/m2) men and women (age 21–52 yr), with characteristics of the MetS, lost 10% of body weight with supervised walking/jogging at 60% of maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) (−400 kcal/session), 5 days/wk, and caloric restriction (−600 kcal/day) over a 4- to 6-mo period. After weight loss, 77 remaining subjects underwent programmed weight regain (+50% of lost weight) for 4–6 mo with random assignment to two groups: no exercise (NoEX) or continued supervised exercise (EX). Blood pressure, regional fat, glucose homeostasis, lipids, and inflammatory markers were assessed at baseline, post-weight loss, and post-weight regain. Groups were compared by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA on the 67 subjects. After weight loss (9.7 ± 0.2% of body weight), significant ( P < 0.05) improvements were observed in almost all parameters assessed. Following weight regain (54.4 ± 1.6% of lost weight), the NoEX group exhibited deterioration in most metabolic markers, while the EX group maintained improvements in V̇o2max, blood pressures, glucose homeostasis, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), oxidized LDL, and other markers of inflammation, but did not maintain improvements in triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations or abdominal fat. Results of this design of controlled human weight regain suggest that aerobic exercise can counter the detrimental effects of partial weight regain on many markers of disease risk.

scholarly journals Long-term follow-up after weight management in obese cats

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Deagle ◽  
Shelley L. Holden ◽  
Vincent Biourge ◽  
Penelope J. Morris ◽  
Alexander J. German
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Kendall’S Τ ◽  
Successful Weight Loss

AbstractFeline obesity is a prevalent medical disease and the main therapeutic strategy is dietary energy restriction. However, at present there are no data regarding long-term outcome in this species. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if, as in other species, some cats regain weight following successful weight loss, and to identify any influencing factors in a cohort of client-owned cats with naturally occurring obesity. Twenty-six cats were included, all of which had successfully completed a weight management programme. After weight loss, cats were periodically monitored. The median duration of follow-up was 954 d (72–2162 d). Ten cats (39 %) maintained their completion weight (±5 %), four (15 %) lost >5 % additional weight and 12 (46 %) gained >5 % weight. Seven of the rebounding cats (58 %) regained over 50 % of their original weight lost. Older cats were less likely to regain weight than younger cats (P = 0·024); with an approximately linear negative association between the cat's age and the amount of weight regained (Kendall's τ = −0·340, P = 0·016). Furthermore, cats whose energy intake during weight loss was greater were also more likely to regain weight (P = 0·023). When the characteristics of weight regain in cats were compared with those from a similar cohort of dogs, cats that rebounded were more likely to regain >50 % of the weight they had lost. These results suggest that weight regain, after successful weight loss, is common in obese cats, and that young cats (<7 years of age) are most at risk.

scholarly journals Place Work on a Scale: What Do We Know About the Association Between Employment Status and Weight Loss Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen M. Romeijn ◽  
Marlies Bongers ◽  
Daniëlle D.B. Holthuijsen ◽  
Loes Janssen ◽  
François M.H. van Dielen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Weight Loss Outcomes ◽  
Working Status ◽  
Successful Weight Loss ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDespite the initial successful weight loss after bariatric surgery, a significant amount of patients experience weight loss failure and weight regain. Several factors are known to contribute to this, though the impact of employment status is unknown. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the impact of employment status on post-surgical weight loss outcomes. Eight studies were included with a follow-up ranging between 2 and 10 years. Employed patients seemed to present more weight loss (9.0–11.0% EWL, 1.3–1.6% BMI loss) compared to unemployed patients, but none of these numbers were statistically significant. Moreover, there were contrasting findings in terms of weight regain. This review may highlight the importance of working status after bariatric surgery and warrants further investigation on this topic. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Adults in China from 2015 to 2017

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4475
Author(s):  
Fan Yao ◽  
Yacong Bo ◽  
Liyun Zhao ◽  
Yaru Li ◽  
Lahong Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Family History ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
History Of

The prevalence and influencing factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese residents aged 20 or older were investigated. The data were collected from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015–2017), which used a stratified, multistage, random sampling method. A total of 130,018 residents aged 20 years or older from 31 provinces were included in this study. The National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria were used to define MetS. The standardised prevalence of high waist circumference, high blood pressure and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were 40.8%, 49.4% and 41.1%, respectively. The following factors were associated with a higher prevalence of MetS: female [odds ratio (OR) = 1.773, 95% CI = 1.709–1.840]; older age (OR = 1.037, 95% CI = 1.036–1.039); living in north China (OR = 1.087, 95% CI = 1.058–1.117); high body mass index (OR = 1.402, 95% CI = 1.395–1.408); higher income [OR (95% CI): 1.044 (1.007–1.083), 1.083 (1.044–1.124) and 1.123 (1.078–1.170) for moderate, high, and very high income, respectively]; family history of hypertension (OR = 1.237, 95% CI = 1.203–1.273); family history of diabetes (OR = 1.491, 95% CI = 1.426–1.558) and current smoking status (OR = 1.143, 95% CI = 1.098–1.191). Living in the countryside (OR = 0.960, 95% CI = 0.932–0.988), moderate alcohol consumption (OR = 0.917, 95% CI = 0.889–0.946) and being physically active (OR = 0.887, 95% CI = 0.862–0.913) were associated with a lower prevalence of MetS. The prevalence of MetS among residents aged 20 years or older in China is increasing, especially among women, people aged 45 years or older and urban residents. Preventive efforts, such as quitting smoking and engaging in physical activity, are recommended to reduce the risk of MetS.

scholarly journals Dietary Habits and Weight Maintenance Success in High Versus Low Exercisers in the National Weight Control Registry

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1540-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Anne Catenacci ◽  
Lorraine Odgen ◽  
Suzanne Phelan ◽  
J. Graham Thomas ◽  
James Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Registry Entry ◽  
Successful Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Strategies

Background:The National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) was established to examine characteristics of successful weight loss maintainers. This study compares the diet and behavioral characteristics and weight regain trajectories of NWCR members with differing physical activity (PA) levels at baseline.Methods:Participants (n = 3591) were divided into 4 levels of self-reported PA at registry entry (< 1000, 1000 to < 2250, 2250 to < 3500, and ≥ 3500 kcals/week). We compared self-reported energy intake (EI), macronutrient composition, eating behaviors (dietary restraint, hunger, and disinhibition), weight loss maintenance strategies, and 3 year weight regain between these 4 activity groups.Results:Those with the highest PA at registry entry had lost the most weight, and reported lower fat intake, more dietary restraint, and greater reliance on several specific dietary strategies to maintain weight loss. Those in the lowest PA category maintained weight loss despite low levels of PA and without greater reliance on dietary strategies. There were no differences in odds of weight regain at year 3 between PA groups.Conclusions:These findings suggest that there is not a “one size fits all strategy” for successful weight loss maintenance and that weight loss maintenance may require the use of more strategies by some individuals than others.

scholarly journals Changes in Hunger and Craving in an 8-Week Commercial Weight Loss Program Using a Food Addiction framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 752-752
Author(s):  
Win Guan ◽  
Susan Thompson ◽  
Andrew Thaw
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Program Completion ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Weight Loss Programs ◽  
Baseline Weight ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Commercial weight loss programs continue to target modifiable obesity risk factors, including physical activity and nutrition. However, the impact of these commercial programs on individuals’ levels of hunger and food cravings has rarely been reported. Given the associations among hunger, food cravings, caloric intake, and long-term adherence to a particular way of eating, it is important to rigorously examine changes in hunger and cravings among participants in these programs. The present study examines changes in hunger and food cravings among participants in Bright Line Eating: Boot Camp (BLE: BC), an 8-week telehealth commercial weight loss program. Methods Data come from 10 weekly surveys (including a program baseline and ending survey) completed by n = 1208 individuals enrolled and completed the BLE: BC program between September 2018 and November 2019. This time-frame was selected as a result of the availability of data on daily levels of hunger and food cravings. We focus on the primary outcome variables of hunger and food cravings measured through weekly self-reported survey data. In addition to examining trends in hunger and cravings over the course of the BLE: BC, we also stratified the primary outcomes by baseline weight status. Results Participants in the present study were predominantly white (93.2%), female (95.6%), and of high socioeconomic status. We used ANOVA tests to examine variation in hunger and food cravings at baseline and change from baseline to program completion. Baseline levels of hunger and food cravings were higher among participants who were at a higher baseline weight status (F = 16.4, P &lt; .001). On average, participants experienced significant reductions in hunger and food cravings from baseline to program completion (P &lt; .001). Participants who began the program at a higher body mass index experienced greater reductions in their levels of hunger and food cravings (F = 13.3, P &lt; .001). Conclusions Changes in hunger and food cravings constitute important components of success in commercial weight loss programs. The present study reports daily self-reported levels of hunger and food cravings for participants enrolled in an 8-week telehealth commercial weight loss program. The results show significant reductions in hunger and cravings among BLE: BC program participants. Funding Sources None to report.

scholarly journals Dietary Strategies for Weight Loss Maintenance

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene A. van Baak ◽  
Edwin C. M. Mariman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Successful Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Strategies

Weight regain after a successful weight loss intervention is very common. Most studies show that, on average, the weight loss attained during a weight loss intervention period is not or is not fully maintained during follow-up. We review what is currently known about dietary strategies for weight loss maintenance, focusing on nutrient composition by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies and discuss other potential strategies that have not been studied so far. Twenty-one studies with 2875 participants who were overweight or obese are included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies investigate increased protein intake (12 studies), lower dietary glycemic index (four studies), green tea (three studies), conjugated linoleic acid (three studies), higher fibre intake (three studies), and other miscellaneous interventions (six studies). The meta-analysis shows a significant beneficial effect of higher protein intake on the prevention of weight regain (SMD (standardized mean difference) −0.17 (95% CI −0.29, −0.05), z = 2.80, p = 0.005), without evidence for heterogeneity among the included studies. No significant effect of the other strategies is detected. Diets that combine higher protein intake with different other potentially beneficial strategies, such as anti-inflammatory or anti-insulinemic diets, may have more robust effects, but these have not been tested in randomized clinical trials yet.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document