scholarly journals International Latin American Survey on Pediatric Intestinal Failure Team

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2754
Author(s):  
José Vicente N. Spolidoro ◽  
Mirella C. Souza ◽  
Helena A. S. Goldani ◽  
María N. Tanzi ◽  
Veronica B. Busoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Intestinal Failure ◽  
Median Number ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs

There is little data on the experience of managing pediatric Intestinal Failure (IF) in Latin America. This study aimed to identify and describe the current organization and practices of the IF teams in Latin America and the Caribbean. An online survey was sent to inquire about the existence of IF teams that managed children on home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Our questionnaire was based on a previously published European study with a similar goal. Twenty-four centers with pediatric IF teams in eight countries completed the survey, representing a total number of 316 children on HPN. The median number of children on parenteral nutrition (PN) at home per team was 5.5 (range 1–50). Teams consisted of the following members: pediatric gastroenterologist and a pediatric surgeon in all teams, dietician (95.8%), nurse (91.7%), social worker (79.2%), pharmacist (70.8%), oral therapist (62.5%), psychologist (58.3%), and physiotherapist (45.8%). The majority of the centers followed international standards of care on vascular access, parenteral and enteral nutrition, and IF medical and surgical management, but a significant percentage reported inability to monitor micronutrients, like vitamins A (37.5%), E (41.7%), B1 (66.7%), B2 (62.5%), B6 (62.5%), active B12 (58.3%); and trace elements—including zinc (29.2%), aluminum (75%), copper (37.5%), chromium (58.3%), selenium (58.3%), and manganese (58.3%). Conclusion: There is wide variation in how IF teams are structured in Latin America—while many countries have well-established Intestinal rehabilitation programs, a few do not follow international standards. Many countries did not report having an IF team managing pediatric patients on HPN.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on rheumatology practice in Latin America

2021 ◽  
pp. jrheum.201623
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Fernández-Ávila ◽  
Julián Barahona-Correa ◽  
Diana Romero-Alvernia ◽  
Sergio Kowalski ◽  
Ana Sapag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rheumatology Practice

Objective To describe the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Latin American rheumatologists from a professional, economic, and occupational point of view. Methods We conducted an observational cross-sectional study using an online survey sent to rheumatologists of each non-English-speaking country member of the Pan American League of Rheumatology Associations (PANLAR). A specific questionnaire was developed. Results Our survey included 1097 rheumatologists from 19 Latin American countries. Median (IQR) age of respondents was 48 (40-59) years and 618 (56.3%) were female. Duration of practice since graduation as rheumatologist was 17 years, and 585 (53.3%) were under 50 years of age. Most rheumatologists worked in private practice (81.8%) and almost half worked in institutional outpatient centers (55%) and in-patient care (49.9%). The median number of weekly hours (IQR) of face-to-face practice before the pandemic was 27 (15-40) but it was reduced to 10 (5- 20) during the pandemic. Telehealth was used by 866 (78.9%) respondents during the pandemic. Most common methods of communication were video calls (555; 50.6%), telephone calls (499; 45.5%) and WhatsApp voice calls (423; 38.6%). A reduction in monthly wages was reported by 946 (86.2%) respondents. Consultation fees also were reduced and 88 (8%) rheumatologists stated they had lost their jobs. A reduction in patient adherence to medication was reported by nearly 50% of respondents. Eighty-one (7.4%) rheumatologists received a COVID-19 diagnosis and 7 (8.6%) of them were hospitalized. Conclusion COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped rheumatology practice in Latin America and has had a profound impact on rheumatologists' behaviors and clinical practice.

The role of sexual risk behaviors on PrEP awareness and interest among men who have sex with men in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 542-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Edeza ◽  
Omar Galarraga ◽  
David Novak ◽  
Kenneth Mayer ◽  
Joshua Rosenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Compulsivity ◽  
Transactional Sex ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Prep Awareness

In Latin America, men who have sex with men (MSM) remain disproportionately impacted by HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention tool and has been FDA approved in the United States since 2012, but no Latin American state, with the recent exception of Brazil, has implemented PrEP guidelines. We carried out a multinational online survey of MSM in Latin America (n = 22698) in 2012 to assess whether MSM at highest risk of HIV acquisition (i.e., those engaging in condomless anal sex [CAS; n = 2606] and transactional sex [n = 1488]) had higher levels of awareness of PrEP, PrEP use and interest in participating in a PrEP trial. After adjusting for demographic and psychosocial characteristics including depressive symptoms, hazardous alcohol use, childhood sexual abuse, and sexual compulsivity, transactional sex and CAS were associated with increased PrEP awareness (aOR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05–1.59, p < .001 and aOR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11–1.34, p < .001, respectively) and PrEP trial interest (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.25–1.71, p < .001 and aOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.57–1.95, p < .001, respectively). Findings demonstrate substantial awareness of and interest in PrEP among MSM with behavioral risk factors for HIV in Latin America, suggesting that this region is primed for PrEP implementation, which has been slow.

The HOLA COVID-19 study: Evaluating the impact of caring for patients with COVID-19 on cancer care delivery in Latin America.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1537-1537
Author(s):  
Carolina Bernabe Ramirez ◽  
Ana I. Velazquez Manana ◽  
Coral Olazagasti ◽  
Cristiane Decat Bergerot ◽  
Enrique Soto Perez De Celis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Impact

1537 Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-cov-2) virus causing COVID-19 has brought great challenges to global health services affecting cancer care delivery, outcomes, and increasing the burden in oncology providers (OP). Our study aimed to describe the challenges that OP faced while delivering cancer care in Latin America. Methods: We conducted an international cross-sectional study using an anonymous online survey in Spanish, Portuguese, and English. The questionnaire included 43 multiple choice questions. The sample was stratified by OP who have treated patients with COVID-19 versus those who have not treated patients with COVID-19. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Results: A total of 704 OP from 20 Latin American countries completed the survey (77% of 913 who started the survey). Oncologists represented 46% of respondents, followed by 25% surgical-oncologists. Of the respondents, 56% treated patients with COVID-19. A significant proportion of OP reported newly adopting telemedicine during COVID-19 (14% vs 72%, p=0.001). More than half (58%) of OP reported making changes to the treatments they offered to patients with cancer. As shown in the table, caring for patients with COVID-19 significantly influenced practice patterns of OP. Access to specialty services and procedures was significantly reduced: 40% noted significantly decreased or no access to imaging, 20% significantly decreased or no access to biopsies, 65% reported delays in surgical oncology referrals, and 49% in radiation oncology referrals. A vast majority (82%) reported oncologic surgeries were delayed or cancelled, which was heightened among those treating patients with COVID-19 (87% vs 77%, p=0.001). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the way cancer care is delivered in globally. Although changes to healthcare delivery are necessary as a response to this global crisis, our study highlights the significant disruption and possible undertreatment of patients with cancer in Latin America that results from COVID-19.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals Bioethical Aspects of Human Rights in Modern Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
J. A. Travieso ◽  
A. V. Ferraro ◽  
E. N. Trikoz ◽  
E. E. Gulyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin America ◽  
International Law ◽  
Latin American ◽  
World Order ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Legal Provisions

The aim of the paper is to analyze the bioethical aspects of the institution of human rights in Latin America. The result of the present research is the author's conclusion on the necessity of the practical implementation of legal provisions in this area, and their judicial enforcement in many states of Latin America with the aim of compliance with international standards of human rights. In the face of global uncertainty of COVID-19, it is more necessary than ever to maintain a strong commitment to international law and human rights with responsibility in bioethics, and also to seek to preserve and consolidate what has been advanced in the construction of a world order based on rules and shared values, along with a policy structured on common values and international principles. States must take international responsibility for wrongful acts for the violation of human rights in biolaw. The research methodology was based on general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition (the dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparative legal and historical legal methods). The biolaw basing on the International Law and Human Rights has its special understanding of the issue, which should be supported by further legislative development in Latin America. Latin American courts will not be able to make judgments on bioethical issues for a long time, while it is closely related to biopolitics and other controversial regional political positions. There are structural and historical problems of Latin American legal culture, a high index of criminal impunity and wide discretion of law-enforcement agencies that do not apply specific principles of biolaw and even bypass official bioethical guidelines in their practice. The author's give overview of the practice of Mexico on the matter of the legislative process in biolaw. The paper focuses on different theoretical approaches.

Impact of COVID-19 on work-related fatigue and satisfaction among oncology providers in Latin America: An analysis of the HOLA COVID-19 study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11014-11014
Author(s):  
Ana I. Velazquez Manana ◽  
Carolina Bernabe Ramirez ◽  
Coral Olazagasti ◽  
Paulo Gustavo Bergerot ◽  
Enrique Soto Perez De Celis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Oncology Providers ◽  
The Impact

11014 Background: The well-being of oncology providers (OP) is in jeopardy with increasing workload, limited resources, and personal challenges that result from the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on work-related (WR) satisfaction and fatigue among OP in Latin America. Methods: We conducted an international cross-sectional online survey of OP practicing in Latin America. The survey was administered in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Results: In August 2020, 704 OP from 20 Latin American countries completed the survey (77% of 913 who started the survey). Table outlines baseline characteristics. Higher frequency of WR fatigue (67% vs. 58%, p=0.010) and exhaustion (81% vs. 70%, p=0.001) were reported by OP who cared for patients with COVID-19, compared to OP who cared for patients without COVID-19. Providers that observed delays in referrals to radiation (p=0.002) and surgery (p=0.04) reported WR fatigue at higher rates than their counterparts. Higher exhaustion (p=0.016) and dissatisfaction (p=0.046) were reported by OP who lacked access to supportive services, as social work. A significantly higher proportion of women reported WR fatigue (72% vs. 56%, p=0.003) and exhaustion (86% vs. 68%, p=0.001), when compared to men. Women were more likely than men to endorse higher current levels of fatigue when compared to pre-COVID-19 (61% vs. 46%, p=0.0001). To reduce stress, women were more likely than men to cut the time spent watching the news (p=0.002). Both genders declined research collaborations and speaking opportunities. Conclusions: Fatigue and dissatisfaction with work-life were prevalent among OP in Latin America. Higher rates of WR fatigue were seen in women, OP caring for patients with COVID-19, and OP with patients who experienced cancer care delays. Our data imply that OP may be a prime target for psychosocial support, particularly as current challenges will continue for the foreseen future. Baseline characteristics (N=704).[Table: see text]

Survival mode: how Latin American family firms are coping with the pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Rogelio Ramírez-Solís ◽  
Maria Fonseca ◽  
Fernando Sandoval-Arzaga ◽  
Ernesto Amoros
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
June July ◽  
Family Entrepreneurship

Purpose The main objective of this manuscript is to describe the current situation of a sample of family business and their response to COVID-19 pandemic. This exploratory study analyzes a series of challenges faced by this type of firm in Latin America. This study puts special focus on how the pandemic is impacting transgenerational and family entrepreneurship and the sense of legacy in family businesses. Design/methodology/approach The authors performed an online survey during June–July 2020. The survey includes 20 questions to owners or executives of family businesses about how they had been facing the onslaught of the COVID-19 pandemic in their companies. The authors received 194 valid respondents from firms that have their headquarters in Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Chile and other Latin American countries. Findings The empirical analysis shows that family firms in Latin America have managed to survive and stay current through family entrepreneurship, protecting their heritage and relying on legacy. Out of four main competencies, “family entrepreneurship” was the most important on which business families relied to face this crisis. Research limitations/implications The authors were able to gather information from just under 300 participants. However, the authors decided to take into account only those complete responses in the survey, so the present analysis was carried out on the valid sample of 194 respondents. Practical implications The results of this study show that business families have managed to survive and stay current through family entrepreneurship, protecting their heritage and relying on legacy. Strategic leadership and intergenerational dynamics alone are not enough to face this crisis. Social implications Family firms, like other companies, have shifted their mindset over the last months from “how can we grow” to “how can we survive”. Consequently, what competencies are necessary to develop so that family businesses can cope with this and the following crises? How are Mexico and Latin America’s family-owned businesses navigating the economic disruptions resulting from COVID-19? This paper explores the role of family firms in the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak. Originality/value This study provides an overview of the coping mechanisms that some family businesses are implementing to overcome the challenges during the pandemic, putting focus on the specific context of Latin America. Family businesses represent approximately 60% of the region’s GDP, so their survival is completely relevant in terms of not only economic impact but also social development. Future research and implications are discussed.

scholarly journals The Impact of Corporate Liability on Corruption in Latin America

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 320-325
Author(s):  
Guillermo Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Latin American ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Corporate Liability ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The U.S

Most Latin American countries are in the process of implementing international anticorruption standards, including standards for combating corporate corruption. Primarily based on the U.S. experience with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), these international standards for combating corporate corruption are coalescing into a standardized paradigm, which requires states to establish corporate liability regimes that incentivize companies to prevent, self-police, and cooperate with law enforcement authorities in exchange for more lenient sanctions.

Characterizing HIV risk among cisgender men in Latin America who report transgender women as sexual partners

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari L Reisner ◽  
Amaya Perez-Brumer ◽  
Catherine E Oldenburg ◽  
Kristi E Gamarel ◽  
Jowanna Malone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Condomless Sex

Cisgender men (CM) who report transgender women (TW) as sexual partners are an understudied population in the HIV epidemic in Latin America. The current study sought to characterize this group in a 2012 cross-sectional online survey of Latin American CM who were members of a sexual networking website for men who have sex with men (N = 11,847). Multivariable logistic regression models were fit to estimate demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial correlates of having a TW sexual partner and engaging in condomless sex. Overall, 0.9% (n = 106) reported a TW sexual partner in the last 12 months; of these, 76.4% (n = 81) reported condomless sex in the last three months. Identifying as bisexual or heterosexual compared to gay, and specifying a versatile sexual role preference compared to insertive were associated with reporting a recent TW sex partner (all p < 0.05). HIV-negative serostatus, lifetime STI history, and alcohol dependence were associated with recent condomless sex (all p < 0.05). CM with TW sexual partners have distinct HIV-related vulnerabilities. Future research is needed to understand CM who report TW sexual partners, including their sexual preferences and practices, sexual networks, exposure to stigma, biomedical prevention interest and uptake, and acceptability of integrating alcohol abuse screening into sexual health services.

En La Tercera Edad: New Programmes to Promote the Health of Older People in Costa Rica

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Checkoway ◽  
Fernando Morales-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Older People ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Human Services ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Health And Human Services ◽  
Health And Well Being

ABSTRACTOlder people are increasing in number and proportion of the population in Latin America and, as they do, their health and social needs are becoming more apparent. This paper describes new initiatives to promote health and well-being in Costa Rica, a Latin American country which is economically poor by international standards, but which is known for its emphasis on health and human services. It draws on research to provide perspectives on health and ageing, discuss initiatives from neighbourhood to nation, and analyse prospects for the future. It emphasises health and ageing in Costa Rica, but identifies issues in terms of their wider significance.

scholarly journals AB1270 RHEUMATOLOGY WORKFORCE IN LATIN AMERICA: TRAINING AND CURRENT STATUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1926.1-1926
Author(s):  
D. G. Fernández-Ávila ◽  
D. Patino-Hernandez ◽  
S. Kowalski ◽  
A. Vargas-Caselles ◽  
A. M. Sapag Durán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Postgraduate Studies

Background:The demand for rheumatology care has been steadily increasing over the last few years. However, supply seems to be insufficient, according to previous research1. This situation may be at least partly explained by less physicians beginning a rheumatology residency program2.Objectives:We aim to identify baseline data, room for change, and to strengthen functional processes associated with the rheumatology workforce in order to improve care offered to patients living with rheumatic diseases.Methods:Descriptive cross-sectional study. We obtained data on each country through local PANLAR rheumatologists. They completed an online survey using the RedCap® platform, used for capture and storage of data. The sample was described according to the type of variable.Results:19 Latin American countries were included in this study, globally 1 rheumatologist was available per 106,838 inhabitants. The highest rates were found in Uruguay (1 per 23.695 inhabitants) and Argentina (1 per 40.384 inhabitants). The lowest rates were found in Nicaragua (1 per 640.648 inhabitants) and Guatemala (1 per 559.902 inhabitants). The ratio between women and men rheumatologists was 0,99 women per each man. The lowest proportions were found in Peru (0,26:1), and the highest in the Dominican Republic (2.5:1). The average age for rheumatologists was 51,6 (SD12,75). Lowest average ages were found in Paraguay (43,1 SD10,77) and the highest age averages were found in Peru (56,23 SD12.93). The average monthly compensation was USD $2.382,6 (SD$1.462,5). Venezuela had the lowest salary ($197), the highest salary was found in Costa Rica ($4.500). The proportion of rheumatologists trained abroad was 26,7%, ranging between 0% in Uruguay and 90% in Bolivia.The countries with more rheumatology training programs were Brazil n = 50 and Mexico n = 20, while Ecuador, Honduras and Nicaragua don’t have any. The countries with the greatest amount of active residents were Brazil (n = 252) and Argentina (n = 100). The educational level required to enter the program was postgraduate studies in internal medicine in 42.11% of the programs. Currently, 108 residency programs in Latin America are active. Duration of residency programs is variable: 2 years (79.63% of cases), 3 years (16.67%), 4 years (1.85%), 5 years (0.96%) or 6 years (0.96%). The median monthly compensation for residents was $ 528 USD (IQR $ 774), the country with the highest payment was Costa Rica ($ 2637). Contrarily, in Cuba, Chile and Colombia there is no payment to residents. Finally, in 8 countries (42.11%) residents must not pay for their postgraduate studies, the average annual tuition expense in the rest of countries is $ 1248 (SD $ 2749).Conclusion:The rate of rheumatologists per inhabitant is low. The demographic characteristics and the current status of the rheumatology workforce, as well as rheumatology training in Latin-America varies widely among countries. For instance, relevant differences can be found regarding payment to rheumatologists and residents, and tuition fees. The collected information will be useful when planning regional-based strategies, as well as for future research projects in each country and within PANLAR.References:[1]Battafarano DF, Ditmyer M, Bolster MB, et al. 2015 American College of Rheumatology Workforce Study: Supply and Demand Projections of Adult Rheumatology Workforce, 2015-2030. Arthritis Care Res.2018;70(4):617-26[2]Zborovski S, Rohekar G, Rohekar S. Strategies to improve recruitment into rheumatology: results of the Workforce in Rheumatology Issues Study. J Rheumatol. 2010;37:1749-55Disclosure of Interests:Daniel G. Fernández-Ávila: None declared, Daniela Patino-Hernandez: None declared, Sergio Kowalski: None declared, Alfredo Vargas-Caselles: None declared, Ana María Sapag Durán: None declared, Antonio Cachafeiro Vilar: None declared, Belia Meléndez: None declared, Carlos Santiago Pastelín: None declared, Cesar Graf: None declared, Chayanne Rossetto: None declared, Daniel Palleiro: None declared, Daniela Trincado: None declared, Diana Fernández-Ávila: None declared, Dina Arrieta: None declared, Gil Reyes: None declared, Jossiell Then: None declared, Manuel F. Ugarte-Gil Grant/research support from: Jannsen, Pfizer, Mario Cardiel: None declared, Nelly Colman: None declared, Nilmo Chávez: None declared, Paula Burgos: None declared, Ruben Montufar: None declared, Sayonara Sandino: None declared, Yurilis Fuentes-Silva: None declared, Enrique Soriano Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Sandoz, Consultant of: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Sandoz, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amber, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Roche

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