scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Modulation in the Context of Immune-Related Aspects of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in Gastrointestinal Cancers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2674
Author(s):  
Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka ◽  
Giandomenico Roviello ◽  
Martina Catalano ◽  
Karol Połom
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
Oncologic Patients ◽  
Related Approach ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Accumulating evidence has revealed the critical roles of commensal microbes in cancer progression and recently several investigators have evaluated the therapeutic effectiveness of targeting the microbiota. This gut microbiota-related approach is especially attractive in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. Probiotics supplementation is a microbiota-targeted strategy that appears to improve treatment efficacy; Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. are among the most commonly used probiotic agents. These bacteria seem to exert immunomodulatory effects, impacting on the immune system both locally and systemically. The gut microbiota are able to affect the efficiency of immunotherapy, mainly acting as inhibitors at immune checkpoints. The effects of immunotherapy may be modulated using traditional probiotic strains and/or next generation probiotics, such as Akkermansia municiphila. It is possible that probiotics might enhance the efficiency of immunotherapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 but more data are needed to confirm this speculation. Indeed, although there is experimental evidence for the efficacy of several strains, the health-promoting effects of numerous probiotics have not been demonstrated in human patients and furthermore the potential risks of these products, particularly in oncologic patients, are rarely mentioned.

scholarly journals Potential Functional Snacks: Date Fruit Bars Supplemented by Different Species of Lactobacillus spp.

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1760
Author(s):  
Maria Maisto ◽  
Giuseppe Annunziata ◽  
Elisabetta Schiano ◽  
Vincenzo Piccolo ◽  
Fortuna Iannuzzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Date Fruit ◽  
Polyphenolic Composition ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Polyphenol Profile ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

The influence of the addition of four different potential probiotic strains, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum (L. plantarum), Lactobacillus delbruekii subsp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and Lactinocaseibacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus), in date fruit-based products was investigated in order to evaluate the possibility of producing a functional snack. All bacterial strains tested were able to grow in date fruit palp, reaching probiotic concentrations ranging from 3.1 × 109 to 4.9 × 109 colony-forming units after 48 h of fermentation, and the pH was reduced to 3.5–3.7 or below. The viability of inoculated probiotic bacteria after 4 weeks of storage at 4 °C was slightly reduced. Some biochemical features of the fermented snacks, such as the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity and detailed polyphenolic profile, were also evaluated. After fermentation, changes in the polyphenol profile in terms of increased free phenolic compounds and related activity were observed. These results may be attributed to the enzymatic activity of Lactobacillus spp. in catalyzing both the release of bioactive components from the food matrix and the remodeling of polyphenolic composition in favor of more bioaccessible molecules. These positive effects were more evident when the snack were fermented with L. rhamnosus. Our results suggest the use of lactic acid fermentation as an approach to enhance the nutritional value of functional foods, resulting in the enhancement of their health-promoting potential.

The Consumption of Galactomannan Effervescent Drinks made from Coconut Pulp Waste and Colonic Microbiota in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Sri Winarti ◽  
Agung Pasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colonic Microbiota ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The consumption of prebiotics is known to affect the balance of gut microbiota. The purpose of this study was to explore how a galactomannan-rich effervescent drink can affect the population of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, E. coli, and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum of rats. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats (aged 2 months) were divided equally into 7 groups and treated orally each day for 15 days with 2 mL effervescent drinks with increasing levels of prebiotic galactomannan. The dosage of 500 mg galactomannan increased the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. with inhibition of the growth of E.coli with increased formation of short-chain fatty acids such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the cecum of rats.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota profiles and characterization of cultivable fungal isolates in IBS patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Sciavilla ◽  
Francesco Strati ◽  
Monica Di Paola ◽  
Monica Modesto ◽  
Francesco Vitali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Studies so far conducted on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have been focused mainly on the role of gut bacterial dysbiosis in modulating the intestinal permeability, inflammation, and motility, with consequences on the quality of life. Limited evidences showed a potential involvement of gut fungal communities. Here, the gut bacterial and fungal microbiota of a cohort of IBS patients have been characterized and compared with that of healthy subjects (HS). The IBS microbial community structure differed significantly compared to HS. In particular, we observed an enrichment of bacterial taxa involved in gut inflammation, such as Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus, Fusobacteria, Gemella, and Rothia, as well as depletion of health-promoting bacterial genera, such as Roseburia and Faecalibacterium. Gut microbial profiles in IBS patients differed also in accordance with constipation. Sequence analysis of the gut mycobiota showed enrichment of Saccharomycetes in IBS. Culturomics analysis of fungal isolates from feces showed enrichment of Candida spp. displaying from IBS a clonal expansion and a distinct genotypic profiles and different phenotypical features when compared to HS of Candida albicans isolates. Alongside the well-characterized gut bacterial dysbiosis in IBS, this study shed light on a yet poorly explored fungal component of the intestinal ecosystem, the gut mycobiota. Our results showed a differential fungal community in IBS compared to HS, suggesting potential for new insights on the involvement of the gut mycobiota in IBS. Key points • Comparison of gut microbiota and mycobiota between IBS and healthy subjects • Investigation of cultivable fungi in IBS and healthy subjects • Candida albicans isolates result more virulent in IBS subjects compared to healthy subjects

scholarly journals Green Tea and Its Relation to Human Gut Microbiome

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3907
Author(s):  
Sergio Pérez-Burillo ◽  
Beatriz Navajas-Porras ◽  
Alicia López-Maldonado ◽  
Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira ◽  
Silvia Pastoriza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Middle Man ◽  
Specific Species

Green tea can influence the gut microbiota by either stimulating the growth of specific species or by hindering the development of detrimental ones. At the same time, gut bacteria can metabolize green tea compounds and produce smaller bioactive molecules. Accordingly, green tea benefits could be due to beneficial bacteria or to microbial bioactive metabolites. Therefore, the gut microbiota is likely to act as middle man for, at least, some of the green tea benefits on health. Many health promoting effects of green tea seems to be related to the inter-relation between green tea and gut microbiota. Green tea has proven to be able to correct the microbial dysbiosis that appears during several conditions such as obesity or cancer. On the other hand, tea compounds influence the growth of bacterial species involved in inflammatory processes such as the release of LPS or the modulation of IL production; thus, influencing the development of different chronic diseases. There are many studies trying to link either green tea or green tea phenolic compounds to health benefits via gut microbiota. In this review, we tried to summarize the most recent research in the area.

scholarly journals Role of lung and gut microbiota on lung cancer pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yuxia Liu ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Zhaoyun Peng ◽  
Xiantao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide (Ferlay et al., Int J Cancer 136:E359–386, 2015). In addition, lung cancer is associated with the highest mortality among all cancer types (Wu et al., Exp Ther Med 16:3004–3010, 2018). Previous studies report that microbiota play an important role in lung cancer. Notably, changes in lung and gut microbiota, are associated with progression of lung cancer. Several studies report that lung and gut microbiome promote lung cancer initiation and development by modulating metabolic pathways, inhibiting the function of immune cells, and producing pro-inflammatory factors. In addition, some factors such as microbiota dysbiosis, affect production of bacteriotoxins, genotoxicity and virulence effect, therefore, they play a key role in cancer progression. These findings imply that lung and gut microbiome are potential markers and targets for lung cancer. However, the role of microbiota in development and progression of lung cancer has not been fully explored. Purpose The aim of this study was to systemically review recent research findings on relationship of lung and gut microbiota with lung cancer. In addition, we explored gut–lung axis and potential mechanisms of lung and gut microbiota in modulating lung cancer progression. Conclusion Pulmonary and intestinal flora influence the occurrence, development, treatment and prognosis of lung cancer, and will provide novel strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer.

scholarly journals The Role of TGF-β in Bone Metastases

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1643
Author(s):  
Trupti Trivedi ◽  
Gabriel M. Pagnotti ◽  
Theresa A. Guise ◽  
Khalid S. Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

Complications associated with advanced cancer are a major clinical challenge and, if associated with bone metastases, worsen the prognosis and compromise the survival of the patients. Breast and prostate cancer cells exhibit a high propensity to metastasize to bone. The bone microenvironment is unique, providing fertile soil for cancer cell propagation, while mineralized bone matrices store potent growth factors and cytokines. Biologically active transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), one of the most abundant growth factors, is released following tumor-induced osteoclastic bone resorption. TGF-β promotes tumor cell secretion of factors that accelerate bone loss and fuel tumor cells to colonize. Thus, TGF-β is critical for driving the feed-forward vicious cycle of tumor growth in bone. Further, TGF-β promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), increasing cell invasiveness, angiogenesis, and metastatic progression. Emerging evidence shows TGF-β suppresses immune responses, enabling opportunistic cancer cells to escape immune checkpoints and promote bone metastases. Blocking TGF-β signaling pathways could disrupt the vicious cycle, revert EMT, and enhance immune response. However, TGF-β’s dual role as both tumor suppressor and enhancer presents a significant challenge in developing therapeutics that target TGF-β signaling. This review presents TGF-β’s role in cancer progression and bone metastases, while highlighting current perspectives on the therapeutic potential of targeting TGF-β pathways.

scholarly journals Hyponatremia and Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1768
Author(s):  
Benedetta Fibbi ◽  
Giada Marroncini ◽  
Cecilia Anceschi ◽  
Laura Naldi ◽  
Alessandro Peri
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Oncologic Patients ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Acute Hyponatremia ◽  
Neuronal Swelling

Hyponatremia, i.e. the presence of a serum sodium concentration ([Na+]) < 136 mEq/L, is the most frequent electrolyte imbalance in the elderly and in hospitalized patients. Symptoms of acute hyponatremia, whose main target is the central nervous system, are explained by the “osmotic theory” and the neuronal swelling secondary to decreased extracellular osmolality, which determines cerebral oedema. Following the description of neurological and systemic manifestations even in mild and chronic hyponatremia, in the last decade reduced extracellular [Na+] was associated with detrimental effects on cellular homeostasis independently of hypoosmolality. Most of these alterations appeared to be elicited by oxidative stress. In this review, we focus on the role of oxidative stress on both osmolality-dependent and -independent impairment of cell and tissue functions observed in hyponatremic conditions. Furthermore, basic and clinical research suggested that oxidative stress appears to be a common denominator of the degenerative processes related to aging, cancer progression, and hyponatremia. Of note, low [Na+] is able to exacerbate multiple manifestations of senescence and to decrease progression-free and overall survival in oncologic patients.

scholarly journals Effect of Vitamin A-Fortified Rice on the Gut Microbiota of Thai Lactating Women and Their Exclusively Breastfed Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Azis ◽  
◽  
Siwaporn Pinkaew ◽  
Santad Wichienchot ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Clostridium Spp

Abstract The optimal vitamin A (VA) status of lactating women is important for mothers and their breastfed infants, especially in protecting against infectious diseases. Vitamin A fortified rice is one of the food-base intervention strategy which has the potential to improve VA status. Vitamin A and gut microbiota are interrelated in their effect on human health and immunity however no specific relationship has been proved in these groups of population. This study aimed to determine the effect of VA fortified rice on the gut microbiota changes of lactating woman-exclusively breastfed infant pairs. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) of VA fortified rice was conducted in 70 lactating women-infants pairs for 14 weeks. Gut microbiota was measured using the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and next generation sequencing (NGS) technique. Based on the FISH technique, the numbers of Clostridium spp. /Enterobacter spp. were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in mothers fed VA-fortified rice at the end of the study. In contrast, the abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. of infants whose mothers fed with VA-fortified rice was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control group. The NGS technique confirmed that results with the increasing of Lactobacillus, B. longum and B. Choerinum in the infant of intervention group. In conclusion, VA-fortified rice was efficacious in decreasing Clostridium spp. /Enterobacter spp. in lactating women and raising the number of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in their breastfed infants. Keywords: Breastfeeding, Gut microbiota, Lactating woman-infant pairs, Randomized controlled trial, Vitamin A

scholarly journals The Prognostic Value of the m6A Score in Multiple Myeloma Based on Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Gong Xiao ◽  
Qiongjing Yuan ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Microarray Dataset ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most common cancers of the blood system. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays an important role in cancer progression. We aimed to investigate the prognostic relevance of the m6A score in multiple myeloma through a series of bioinformatics analyses. Methods: The microarray dataset GSE4581 and GSE57317 used in this study were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The m6A score was calculated using the GSVA package. The Random forests, univariate Cox regression analysis and Lasso analyses were performed for the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Kaplan–Meier analysis and an ROC curve were used to diagnose the effectiveness of the model. Results: The GSVA R software package was used to predict the function. A total of 21 m6A genes were obtained, and 286 DEGs were identified between high and low m6A score groups. The risk model was constructed and composed of PRX, LBR, RB1, FBXL19-AS1, ARSK, MFAP3L, SLC44A3, UNC119 and SHCBP1. Functional analysis of risk score showed that with the increase in the risk score, Activated CD4 T cells, Memory B cells and Type 2 T helper cells were highly infiltrated. Conclusions: Immune checkpoints such as HMGB1, TGFB1, CXCL9 and HAVCR2 were significantly positively correlated with the risk score. We believe that the m6A score has a certain prognostic value in multiple myeloma.

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