scholarly journals One-Week High-Dose β-Alanine Loading Improves World Tour Cyclists’ Time-Trial Performance

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2543
Author(s):  
Vicente Ávila-Gandía ◽  
Antonio Torregrosa-García ◽  
Silvia Pérez-Piñero ◽  
Raquel Ortolano ◽  
María Salud Abellán-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Adverse Event Data ◽  
Group A ◽  
Trial Performance

Supplementation with β-alanine is becoming a common practice in high-performance athletes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a one-week high-dose β-alanine loading phase employing a sustained-release powder on preserving the time-trial performance capacity of world tour cyclists during overreaching training. Per day, 20 g of sustained-release β-alanine was administered during one week (7 days) of intensive team training camp in a randomised balanced placebo-controlled parallel trial design, with six participants in each β-alanine (BA) or placebo (PLA) group. A 10-min time trial (10′ TT) was carried out to analyse performance and biochemical variables. Anthropometry, paresthesia, and adverse event data were also collected. Power-based relative training load was quantified. Compared to placebo, the BA improved mean power (6.21%, 37.23 W; 95% CI: 3.98–70.48 W, p = 0.046), distance travelled (2.16%, p = 0.046) and total work (4.85%, p = 0.046) without differences in cadence (p = 0.506) or RPE. Lactate (p = 0.036) and anion gap (p = 0.047) were also higher in the BA group, without differences in pH or Bicarbonate. High daily and single doses were well tolerated. One-week high-dose β-alanine loading with a sustained-release powder blend can help attenuate 10′ TT performance losses of world tour cyclists due to intensive training.

Effect of Repeated Sodium Phosphate Loading on Cycling Time-Trial Performance and VO2peak

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron P. Brewer ◽  
Brian Dawson ◽  
Karen E. Wallman ◽  
Kym J. Guelfi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Placebo Phase ◽  
Cycling Time ◽  
Trial Performance

Research into supplementation with sodium phosphate has not investigated the effects of a repeated supplementation phase. Therefore, this study examined the potential additive effects of repeated sodium phosphate (SP) supplementation on cycling time-trial performance and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Trained male cyclists (N = 9, M ± SD VO2peak = 65.2 ± 4.8 ml · kg−1 · min−1) completed baseline 1,000-kJ time-trial and VO2peak tests separated by 48 hr, then ingested either 50 mg · kg fat-free mass−1 · d−1 of tribasic SP or a combined glucose and NaCl placebo for 6 d before performing these tests again. A 14-d washout period separated the end of one loading phase and the start of the next, with 2 SP and 1 placebo phase completed in a counterbalanced order. Although time-trial performance (55.3–56.5 min) was shorter in SP1 and SP2 (~60–70 s), effect sizes and smallest-worthwhile-change values did not differ in comparison with baseline and placebo. However, mean power output was greater than placebo during time-trial performance at the 250-kJ and 500-kJ time points (p < .05) after the second SP phase. Furthermore, mean VO2peak values (p < .01) were greater after the SP1 (3.5–4.3%), with further improvements (p < .01) found in SP2 (7.1–7.7%), compared with baseline and placebo. In summary, repeated SP supplementation, ingested either 15 or 35 d after initial loading, can have an additive effect on VO2peak and possibly time-trial performance.

scholarly journals Lactate threshold predicting time-trial performance: impact of heat and acclimation

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Lorenzo ◽  
Christopher T. Minson ◽  
Tony G. Babb ◽  
John R. Halliwill
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Heat Acclimation ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Performance Impact ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Threshold Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trial Performance

The relationship between exercise performance and lactate and ventilatory thresholds under two distinct environmental conditions is unknown. We examined the relationships between six lactate threshold methods (blood- and ventilation-based) and exercise performance in cyclists in hot and cool environments. Twelve cyclists performed a lactate threshold test, a maximal O2 uptake (V̇o2max) test, and a 1-h time trial in hot (38°C) and cool (13°C) conditions, before and after heat acclimation. Eight control subjects completed the same tests before and after 10 days of identical exercise in a cool environment. The highest correlations were observed with the blood-based lactate indexes; however, even the indirect ventilation-based indexes were well correlated with mean power during the time trial. Averaged bias was 15.4 ± 3.6 W higher for the ventilation- than the blood-based measures ( P < 0.05). The bias of blood-based measures in the hot condition was increased: the time trial was overestimated by 37.7 ± 3.6 W compared with only 24.1 ± 3.2 W in the cool condition ( P < 0.05). Acclimation had no effect on the bias of the blood-based indexes ( P = 0.51) but exacerbated the overestimation by some ventilation-based indexes by an additional 34.5 ± 14.1 W ( P < 0.05). Blood-based methods to determine lactate threshold show less bias and smaller variance than ventilation-based methods when predicting time-trial performance in cool environments. Of the blood-based methods, the inflection point between steady-state lactate and rising lactate (INFL) was the best method to predict time-trial performance. Lastly, in the hot condition, ventilation-based predictions are less accurate after heat acclimation, while blood-based predictions remain valid in both environments after heat acclimation.

scholarly journals Chronic high-dose beetroot juice supplementation improves time trial performance of well-trained cyclists in normoxia and hypoxia

Nitric Oxide ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Rokkedal-Lausch ◽  
Jesper Franch ◽  
Mathias K. Poulsen ◽  
Lars P. Thomsen ◽  
Eddie Weitzberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Trial Performance

Time-Trial Performance in World-Class Speed Skaters After Chronic Nitrate Ingestion

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1317-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Richard ◽  
Lymperis P. Koziris ◽  
Mathieu Charbonneau ◽  
Catherine Naulleau ◽  
Jonathan Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
World Class ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Trial Performance

Purpose: Nitrate supplementation can increase tolerance to high-intensity work rates; however, limited data exist on the recovery of performance. The authors tested whether 5 d of nitrate supplementation could improve repeated time-trial performance in speed skating. Methods: Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 9 international-level short-track speed skaters ingested 1 high (juice blend, ∼6.5 mmol nitrate; HI) or low dose (juice blend, ∼1 mmol nitrate; LO) per day on days 1–4. After a double dose of either HI or LO on day 5, athletes performed 2 on-ice 1000-m time trials, separated by 35 min, to simulate competition races. Differences between HI and LO were compared with the smallest practically important difference. Results: Salivary [nitrate] and [nitrite] were higher in HI than LO before the first (nitrate: 81%, effect size [ES]: 1.76; nitrite: 72%, ES: 1.73) and second pursuits (nitrate: 81%, ES: 1.92; nitrite: 71%, ES: 1.78). However, there was no difference in performance in the first (LO: 90.92 [4.08] s; HI: 90.95 [4.06] s, ES: 0.01) or the second time trial (LO: 91.16 [4.06] s; HI: 91.55 [4.40] s, ES: 0.09). Plasma [lactate] measured after the trials (LO: 14.8 [1.1] mM; HI: 14.8 [1.2] mM, ES: 0.01) and at the end of the recovery period (LO: 9.8 [2.1] mM; HI: 10.2 [1.9] mM, ES: 0.05) was not different between treatments. Conclusion: Five days of high-dose nitrate supplementation did not change physiological responses and failed to improve single and repeated time-trial performances in world-class short-track speed skaters. These data suggest that nitrate ingestion up to 6.5 mmol does not enhance recovery from supramaximal exercise in world-class athletes.

scholarly journals High dose Nitrate ingestion does not improve 40 km cycling time trial performance in trained cyclists

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Mosher ◽  
L. A. Gough ◽  
S. Deb ◽  
B. Saunders ◽  
L. R. Mc Naughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Time ◽  
Trial Performance

Effect of a carbohydrate mouth rinse on simulated cycling time-trial performance commenced in a fed or fasted state

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Lane ◽  
Stephen R. Bird ◽  
Louise M. Burke ◽  
John A. Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Cycling Time ◽  
Trial Performance

It is presently unclear whether the reported ergogenic effect of a carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse on cycling time-trial performance is affected by the acute nutritional status of an individual. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a CHO mouth rinse on a 60-min simulated cycling time-trial performance commenced in a fed or fasted state. Twelve competitive male cyclists each completed 4 experimental trials using a double-blinded Latin square design. Two trials were commenced 2 h after a meal that contained 2.5 g·kg−1 body mass of CHO (FED) and 2 after an overnight fast (FST). Prior to and after every 12.5% of total time during a performance ride, either a 10% maltodextrin (CHO) or a taste-matched placebo (PLB) solution was mouth rinsed for 10 s then immediately expectorated. There were significant main effects for both pre-ride nutritional status (FED vs. FST; p < 0.01) and CHO mouth rinse (CHO vs. PLB; p < 0.01) on power output with an interaction evident between the interventions (p < 0.05). The CHO mouth rinse improved mean power to a greater extent after an overnight fast (282 vs. 273 W, 3.4%; p < 0.01) compared with a fed state (286 vs. 281 W, 1.8%; p < 0.05). We concluded that a CHO mouth rinse improved performance to a greater extent in a fasted compared with a fed state; however, optimal performance was achieved in a fed state with the addition of a CHO mouth rinse.

Dietary Nitrate Fails to Improve 1 and 4 km Cycling Performance in Highly Trained Cyclists

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. McQuillan ◽  
Deborah K. Dulson ◽  
Paul B. Laursen ◽  
Andrew E. Kilding
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Placebo Effects ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Cycling Time ◽  
Trial Performance

We aimed to compare the effects of two different dosing durations of dietary nitrate (NO3-) supplementation on 1 and 4 km cycling time-trial performance in highly trained cyclists. In a double-blind crossover-design, nine highly trained cyclists ingested 140ml of NO3--rich beetroot juice containing ~8.0mmol [NO3-], or placebo, for seven days. Participants completed a range of laboratory-based trials to quantify physiological and perceptual responses and cycling performance: time-trials on day 3 and 6 (4km) and on day 4 and 7 (1km) of the supplementation period. Relative to placebo, effects following 3- and 4-days of NO3- supplementation were unclear for 4 (-0.8; 95% CL, ± 2.8%, p = .54) and likely harmful for 1km (-1.9; ± 2.5% CL, p = .17) time-trial mean power. Effects following 6- and 7-days of NO3- supplementation resulted in unclear effects for 4 (0.1; ± 2.2% CL, p = .93) and 1km (-0.9; ± 2.6%CL, p = .51) time-trial mean power. Relative to placebo, effects for 40, 50, and 60% peak power output were unclear for economy at days 3 and 6 of NO3- supplementation (p > .05). Dietary NO3- supplementation appears to be detrimental to 1km time-trial performance in highly trained cyclists after 4-days. While, extending NO3- dosing to ≥ 6-days reduced the magnitude of harm in both distances, overall performance in short duration cycling time-trials did not improve relative to placebo.

A Sucrose Mouth Rinse Does Not Improve 1-hr Cycle Time Trial Performance When Performed in the Fasted or Fed State

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorn Trommelen ◽  
Milou Beelen ◽  
Marjan Mullers ◽  
Martin J. Gibala ◽  
Luc J.C. van Loon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trial Performance

Carbohydrate mouth rinsing during exercise has been suggested to enhance performance of short (45–60 min) bouts of high-intensity (>75% VO2peak) exercise. Recent studies indicate that this performance enhancing effect may be dependent on the prandial state of the athlete. The purpose of this study was to define the impact of a carbohydrate mouth rinse on ~1-hr time trial performance in both the fasted and fed states. Using a double-blind, crossover design, 14 trained male cyclists (27 ± 6 years; 5.0 ± 0.5 W·kg−1) were selected to perform 4 time trials of ~1 hr (1,032 ± 127 kJ) on a cycle ergometer while rinsing their mouths with a 6.4% sucrose solution (SUC) or a noncaloric sweetened placebo (PLA) for 5 s at the start and at every 12.5% of their set amount of work completed. Two trials were performed in an overnight fasted state and two trials were performed 2 h after consuming a standardized breakfast. Performance time did not differ between any of the trials (fasted-PLA: 68.6 ± 7.2; fasted-SUC: 69.6 ± 7.5; fed-PLA: 67.6 ± 6.6; and fed-SUC: 69.0 ± 6.3 min; Prandial State × Mouth Rinse Solution p = .839; main effect prandial state p = .095; main effect mouth rinse solution p = .277). In line, mean power output and heart rate during exercise did not differ between trials. In conclusion, a sucrose mouth rinse does not improve ~1-hr time trial performance in well-trained cyclists when performed in either the fasted or the fed state.

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