scholarly journals Inflammatory Potential of Diet Is Associated with Biomarkers Levels of Inflammation and Cognitive Function among Postmenopausal Women

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2323
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Skoczek-Rubińska ◽  
Agata Muzsik-Kazimierska ◽  
Agata Chmurzynska ◽  
Małgorzata Jamka ◽  
Jarosław Walkowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Estrogen Depletion

In postmenopausal women (PW), estrogen depletion may predispose to cognitive decline through an increased risk of chronic inflammation. Unhealthy diets also appear to have an impact on the cognitive health of these women. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between inflammatory potential of the diet, levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and cognitive function in PW. In a population of 222 PW, energy intake-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) was used to assess the dietary inflammatory potential. Cognitive function was estimated using the Polish version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), corrected by age and educational level. Selected biochemical inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, CRP; interleukin-6, IL-6; and tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α) were measured by ELISA tests. PW with an anti-inflammatory diet (first tercile) had significantly higher MMSE, while BMI, percentage fat mass and TNFα concentration were significantly lower compared to those with the most proinflammatory diets (third tercile). Women with cognitive impairment had significantly higher IL-6 concentrations (4.1 (0.8) pg/mL vs. 2.5 (0.2) pg/mL, p = 0.004), and were less educated (12.7 (0.7) years vs. 14.1 (0.2) years, p = 0.03) and less physically active compared to cognitively normal women. PW with the most proinflammatory diets had increased odds of cognitive impairment compared to those with the most anti-inflammatory diets, even after adjustment (OR = 11.10, 95% confidence level; 95%CI: 2.22; 55.56; p = 0.002). Each one-point increase in E-DII (as a continuous value) was also associated with 1.55-times greater odds of cognitive impairment (95%Cl: 1.19; 2.02 p = 0.003) in this population. Dietary inflammation may increase the risk of cognitive impairment in PW, but future studies should include a more sensitive battery of tests to assess cognitive function in this population. Implementation of an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern in PW may help prevent cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Association of Aortic Stiffness and Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Liu ◽  
Jinghuan Fang ◽  
Chaohua Cui ◽  
Shuju Dong ◽  
Lijie Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
With Memory

Background: Increased aortic stiffness has been found to be associated with cognitive function decline, but the evidence is still under debate. It is of great significance to elucidate the evidence in this debate to help make primary prevention decisions to slow cognitive decline in our routine clinical practice.Methods: Electronic databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify peer-reviewed articles published in English from January 1, 1986, to March 16, 2020, that reported the association between aortic stiffness and cognitive function. Studies that reported the association between aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and cognitive function, cognitive impairment, and dementia were included in the analysis.Results: Thirty-nine studies were included in the qualitative analysis, and 29 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The aortic PWV was inversely associated with memory and processing speed in the cross-sectional analysis. In the longitudinal analysis, the high category of aortic PWV was 44% increased risk of cognitive impairment (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.24–1.85) compared with low PWV, and the risk of cognitive impairment increased 3.9% (OR 1.039; 95% CI 1.005–1.073) per 1 m/s increase in aortic PWV. Besides, meta-regression analysis showed that age significantly increased the association between high aortic PWV and cognitive impairment risk.Conclusion: Aortic stiffness measured by aortic PWV was inversely associated with memory and processing speed and could be an independent predictor for cognitive impairment, especially for older individuals.

Abstract 51: Heart Rate Variability and its Association with Cognitive Decline Over 20 years: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities - Neurocognitive Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye L Lopez ◽  
Lin Y Chen ◽  
Elsayed Z Soliman ◽  
Jennifer A Deal ◽  
Rebecca F Gottesman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Low HRV is associated with an increased risk of heart disease and mortality, and risk factors for lower HRV are also linked to cognitive impairment. We assessed whether HRV measures are associated with cognitive decline in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Methods: We studied 10,623 individuals (23% African-American, 57% female, mean age 54). HRV measures were obtained from 2-minute electrocardiogram rhythm strips in 1987-89 and include the standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) spectral power, and the LF/HF ratio. Cognitive function was measured in 1990-92, 1996-98 and 2011-2013 using 3 neuropsychological tests: Delayed Word Recall (DWR), Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS), and Word Fluency (WF). Scores were standardized and their average was used as a test of global cognitive function. HRV measures were log-transformed and we used linear regression models fit with generalized estimating equations to evaluate associations with cognitive performance over time, which was modeled as a linear spline with a knot at year 6 of follow-up. Results: At baseline, lower levels of HRV were significantly associated with reduced scores in all cognitive tests. Lower baseline levels of HRV measures of sympathetic activity (LF and LF/HF ratio) were associated with faster decline in tests evaluating executive function and language (DSST and WF) (table). We did not observe associations between parasympathetic nervous system measures (rMSSD and HF) and cognitive decline. Conclusion: In this large population-based study, markers of cardiac sympathetic dysfunction measured in mid-life were associated with a faster decline in executive function, which is more frequently affected in cognitive impairment of vascular origin. Additional research should explore the mechanism for this association.

Association of Circulating Cholesterol Level with Cognitive Function and Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: A Community-based Population Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-565
Author(s):  
Yujie Guo ◽  
Pengfei Li ◽  
Xiaojun Ma ◽  
Xiaochen Huang ◽  
Zhuoheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
Female Subjects

Background: The present study was designed to examine the association of circulating cholesterol with cognitive function in non-demented community aging adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 1754 Chinese adults aged 55-80 years. The association between serum cholesterol levels and cognitive function was examined. Participants were categorized into four groups according to the quartile of circulating TC (total cholesterol), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-c), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c) levels and HDLc/ LDL-c ratio. The difference in cognitive performance among the groups was compared. Logistic regression model was used to determine the association of circulating cholesterol level with the risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Results: Mild increase of serum LDL-c level correlated with better visual and executive, language, memory and delayed recall abilities. Higher circulating TC and HDL-c levels were found to be associated with poorer cognitive function, especially in aging female subjects. Higher circulating TC, HDL-c and HDL/LDL ratio indicated an increased risk of MCI, especially in female subjects. Conclusion: Slight increase in circulating LDL-c level might benefit cognitive function in aging adults. However, higher circulating TC and HDL-c levels might indicate a decline of cognitive function, especially in aging female subjects.

scholarly journals Subjective cognitive decline: The first clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease?

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Studart Neto ◽  
Ricardo Nitrini
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACT Background: Mild cognitive impairment is considered as the first clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD), when the individual exhibits below performance on standardized neuropsychological tests. However, some subjects before having a lower performance on cognitive assessments already have a subjective memory complaint. Objective: A review about subjective cognitive decline, the association with AD biomarkers and risk of conversion to dementia. Methods: We performed a comprehensive non-systematic review on PubMed. The keywords used in the search were terms related to subjective cognitive decline. Results: Subjective cognitive decline is characterized by self-experience of deterioration in cognitive performance not detected objectively through formal neuropsychological testing. However, various terms and definitions have been used in the literature and the lack of a widely accepted concept hampers comparison of studies. Epidemiological data have shown that individuals with subjective cognitive decline are at increased risk of progression to AD dementia. In addition, there is evidence that this group has a higher prevalence of positive biomarkers for amyloidosis and neurodegeneration. However, Alzheimer's disease is not the only cause of subjective cognitive decline and various other conditions can be associated with subjective memory complaints, such as psychiatric disorders or normal aging. The features suggestive of a neurodegenerative disorder are: onset of decline within the last five years, age at onset above 60 years, associated concerns about decline and confirmation by an informant. Conclusion: These findings support the idea that subjective cognitive complaints may be an early clinical marker that precedes mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease.

The Validity of the Norwegian Version of the Cognitive Function Instrument

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Michelet ◽  
Knut Engedal ◽  
Geir Selbæk ◽  
Anne Lund ◽  
Guro Hanevold Bjørkløf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
The Self ◽  
Norwegian Version ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Proxy Version

Background/Aims: A timely diagnosis of dementia is important, and the Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI) is a newly developed instrument to screen for cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and internal consistency of the Norwegian version of the CFI. Methods: We included 265 participants with dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), and a reference group without subjective or assessed cognitive decline. The participants and their relatives answered the self- and proxy-rated versions of the CFI. Results: The Norwegian CFI had power to discriminate between people with dementia and with MCI, SCI, and the reference group. The proxy version had better power than the self-rated version in our participants (area under the curve [AUC] proxy-rated varying from 0.79 to 0.99, AUC self-rated varying from 0.56 to 0.85). Conclusion: The Norwegian CFI was found to be a useful, valid, and robust instrument.

scholarly journals Effects of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene on Memory and Other Cognitive Abilities: Cognition in the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (31) ◽  
pp. 5144-5152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine Legault ◽  
Pauline M. Maki ◽  
Susan M. Resnick ◽  
Laura Coker ◽  
Patricia Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Modulators ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The One

Purpose To compare the effects of two selective estrogen receptor modulators, tamoxifen and raloxifene, on global and domain-specific cognitive function. Patients and Methods The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project's Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) study was a randomized clinical trial of tamoxifen 20 mg/d or raloxifene 60 mg/d in healthy postmenopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer. The 1,498 women who were randomly assigned in STAR were age 65 years and older, were not diagnosed with dementia, and were enrolled onto the Cognition in the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (Co-STAR) trial, beginning 18 months after STAR enrollment started. A cognitive test battery modeled after the one used in the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging (WHISCA) was administered. Technicians were centrally trained to administer the battery and recertified every 6 months. Analyses were conducted on all participants and on 273 women who completed the first cognitive battery before they started taking their medications. Results Overall, there were no significant differences in adjusted mean cognitive scores between the two treatment groups across visits. There were significant time effects across the three visits for some of the cognitive measures. Similar results were obtained for the subset of women with true baseline measures. Conclusion Tamoxifen and raloxifene are associated with similar patterns of cognitive function in postmenopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer. Future comparisons between these findings and patterns of cognitive function in hormone therapy and placebo groups in WHISCA should provide additional insights into the effects of tamoxifen and raloxifene on cognitive function in older women.

scholarly journals The Association Between Diabetes and Cognitive Function in Later Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Yadollah A. Momtaz ◽  
Tengku A. Hamid ◽  
Mohamad F. Bagat ◽  
Maryam Hazrati
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Introduction: Although diabetes through several possible mechanisms such as increased microvascular pathology and inefficiency of glucose utilization during cognitive tasks can be associated with cognitive impairment, there is inconclusive evidence that shows elderly diabetic patients under therapy have higher cognitive function compared to their non-diabetics counterparts. The present study was conducted to elucidate the association between diabetes and cognitive function in later life. Methods: Data for this study, consisting of 2202 older adults aged 60 years and above, were taken from a population-based survey entitled “Identifying Psychosocial and Identifying Economic Risk Factor of Cognitive Impairment among Elderly. Data analysis was conducted using the IBM SPSS Version 23.0. Results: The mean of MMSE was found to be 22.67 (SD = 4.93). The overall prevalence of selfreported diabetes was found to be 23.6% (CI95%: 21.8% - 25.4%). The result of independent t-test showed diabetic subjects had a higher mean score of MMSE (M = 23.05, SD =4 .55) than their counterparts without diabetes (M = 22.55, SD = 5.04) (t = -2.13 p<.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that diabetes was not significantly associated with cognitive function, after controlling the possible confounding factors. Conclusions: The findings from the current study revealed that diabetes is not associated with cognitive decline. This study supports the findings that long-term treatment of diabetes may reduce the risk of cognitive decline. This finding may provide new opportunities for the prevention and management of cognitive decline.

Subclassifications for mild cognitive impairment: prevalence and predictive validity

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BUSSE ◽  
J. BISCHKOPF ◽  
S. G. RIEDEL-HELLER ◽  
M. C. ANGERMEYER
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cognitive Complaint ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multiple Domains

Background. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. Recently published results of the Current Concepts in MCI Conference suggested subclassifications for MCI (MCI-amnestic, MCI-multiple domains slightly impaired, MCI-single nonmemory domain) based on the recognized heterogeneity in the use of the term. These subclassifications have not been empirically validated to date.Method. A community sample of 1045 dementia-free individuals aged 75 years and over was examined by neuropsychological testing in a three-wave longitudinal study. The prevalences and the predictive validities for the subclassifications of MCI and their modifications (original criteria except for the report of subjective decline in cognitive function) were determined.Results. The prevalence was 1 to 15% depending on the subset employed. Subjects with a diagnosis of MCI progressed to dementia at a rate of 10 to 55% over 2·6 years, depending on the subset employed. MCI-amnestic achieved the highest positive predictive power (PPP). ROC curves of the subclassifications for MCI indicate that all but one subset for MCI failed to predict dementia (MCI-multiple domains slightly impaired-modified: AUC=0·585, P<0·01, 95% CI, 0·517–0·653). The use of modified criteria for MCI (original criteria except for the report of subjective decline in cognitive function) is associated with a higher diagnostic sensitivity but also with a reduction in diagnostic specificity and PPP.Conclusions. Modified criteria should be applied if a concept for MCI with a high sensitivity is required and the original criteria (including subjective cognitive complaint) if a concept with high specificity and high PPP is required.

scholarly journals Association of Source of Memory Complaints and Increased Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Cognitive Decline

2018 ◽  
Vol 131 (8) ◽  
pp. 894-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Mei Qi ◽  
Lin Gu ◽  
Hui-Dong Tang ◽  
Sheng-Di Chen ◽  
Jian-Fang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Memory Complaints ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Sensorial frailty: age-related hearing loss and the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in later life

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204062231881100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Panza ◽  
Madia Lozupone ◽  
Rodolfo Sardone ◽  
Petronilla Battista ◽  
Marco Piccininni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

The peripheral hearing alterations and central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) associated with age-related hearing loss (ARHL), may impact cognitive disorders in older age. In older age, ARHL is also a significant marker for frailty, another age-related multidimensional clinical condition with a nonspecific state of vulnerability, reduced multisystem physiological reserve, and decreased resistance to different stressors (i.e. sensorial impairments, psychosocial stress, diseases, injuries). The multidimensional nature of frailty required an approach based on different pathogeneses because this clinical condition may include sensorial, physical, social, nutritional, cognitive, and psychological phenotypes. In the present narrative review, the cumulative epidemiological evidence coming from several longitudinal population-based studies, suggested convincing links between peripheral ARHL and incident cognitive decline and dementia. Moreover, a few longitudinal case-control and population-based studies also suggested that age-related CAPD in ARHL, may be central in determining an increased risk of incident cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cumulative meta-analytic evidence confirmed cross-sectional and longitudinal association of both peripheral ARHL and age-related CAPD with different domains of cognitive functions, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia, while the association with dementia subtypes such as AD and vascular dementia remained unclear. However, ARHL may represent a modifiable condition and a possible target for secondary prevention of cognitive impairment in older age, social isolation, late-life depression, and frailty. Further research is required to determine whether broader hearing rehabilitative interventions including coordinated counseling and environmental accommodations could delay or halt cognitive and global decline in the oldest old with both ARHL and dementia.

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