scholarly journals Creatine Enhances the Effects of Cluster-Set Resistance Training on Lower-Limb Body Composition and Strength in Resistance-Trained Men: A Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2303
Author(s):  
Diego A. Bonilla ◽  
Richard B. Kreider ◽  
Jorge L. Petro ◽  
Ramón Romance ◽  
Manuel García-Sillero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cluster Set

Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation has been shown to improve body composition and muscle strength when combined with resistance training (RT); however, no study has evaluated the combination of this nutritional strategy with cluster-set resistance training (CS-RT). The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of CrM supplementation during a high-protein diet and a CS-RT program on lower-limb fat-free mass (LL-FFM) and muscular strength. Twenty-three resistance-trained men (>2 years of training experience, 26.6 ± 8.1 years, 176.3 ± 6.8 cm, 75.6 ± 8.9 kg) participated in this study. Subjects were randomly allocated to a CS-RT+CrM (n = 8), a CS-RT (n = 8), or a control group (n = 7). The CS-RT+CrM group followed a CrM supplementation protocol with 0.1 g·kg−1·day−1 over eight weeks. Two sessions per week of lower-limb CS-RT were performed. LL-FFM corrected for fat-free adipose tissue (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and muscle strength (back squat 1 repetition maximum (SQ-1RM) and countermovement jump (CMJ)) were measured pre- and post-intervention. Significant improvements were found in whole-body fat mass, fat percentage, LL-fat mass, LL-FFM, and SQ-1RM in the CS-RT+CrM and CS-RT groups; however, larger effect sizes were obtained in the CS-RT+CrM group regarding whole body FFM (0.64 versus 0.16), lower-limb FFM (0.62 versus 0.18), and SQ-1RM (1.23 versus 0.75) when compared to the CS-RT group. CMJ showed a significant improvement in the CS-RT+CrM group with no significant changes in CS-RT or control groups. No significant differences were found between groups. Eight weeks of CrM supplementation plus a high-protein diet during a CS-RT program has a higher clinical meaningfulness on lower-limb body composition and strength-related variables in trained males than CS-RT alone. Further research might study the potential health and therapeutic effects of this nutrition and exercise strategy.

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Training and Soy Isoflavone on Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Lera Orsatti ◽  
Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahas ◽  
Jorge Nahas-Neto ◽  
Nailza Maesta ◽  
Cláudio Lera Orsatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Soy Isoflavone

Objective. To investigate the independent and additive effects of resistance training (RT) and soy isoflavone (ISO) on body composition in postmenopausal women (PW).Method. This study used a placebo-controlled, double-blind (soy), randomized (ISO versus placebo) × (RT versus No RT) design. A total of 80 PW, aged 45–70 years, were randomly (71 completed 9-months intervention): RT + ISO (n=15), No RT + ISO (n=20), RT + placebo (n=18), and No RT + placebo (n=18). ISO received 100 mg a day of isoflavone; and to RT attended supervised resistance training sessions. At baseline and 9-months, fat and muscle mass were estimated by DXA. ANOVA and testtwere used.Results. RT groups showed significantly increased muscle strength (35.2%) and muscle mass (1.4%). Exercising attenuated gains in fat trunk and % body fat (P<.05). Significant decreases in muscle mass (−1.8%) and increases in fat mass of the whole-body (1.6%) and trunk (9.7%) was found in no-RT groups (P<.05). In ISO groups, there were no differences in body composition and muscle strength. ISO and RT had no additive effects.Conclusion. In PW: RT improved muscle mass and strength and attenuated gain of fat mass; ISO did not alter body composition and muscle strength; there were no additive effects of RT and ISO.

scholarly journals The Effects of a High-Protein Diet on Bone Mineral Density in Exercise-Trained Women: A 1-Year Investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio ◽  
Anya Ellerbroek ◽  
Cassandra Carson
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
One Year

The effects of long-term high-protein consumption (i.e., >2.2 g/kg/day) are unclear as it relates to bone mineral content. Thus, the primary endpoint of this investigation was to determine if consuming a high-protein diet for one year affected various parameters of body composition in exercise-trained women. This investigation is a follow-up to a prior 6-month study. Subjects were instructed to consume a high-protein diet (>2.2 g/kg/day) for one year. Body composition was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Subjects were instructed to keep a food diary (i.e., log their food ~three days per week for a year) via the mobile app MyFitnessPal®. Furthermore, a subset of subjects had their blood analyzed (i.e., basic metabolic panel). Subjects consumed a high-protein diet for one year (mean ± SD: 2.3 ± 1.1 grams per kilogram body weight daily [g/kg/day]). There were no significant changes for any measure of body composition over the course of the year (i.e., body weight, fat mass, lean body mass, percent fat, whole body bone mineral content, whole body T-score, whole body bone mineral density, lumbar bone mineral content, lumbar bone mineral density and lumbar T-score). In addition, we found no adverse effects on kidney function. Based on this 1-year within-subjects investigation, it is evident that a diet high in protein has no adverse effects on bone mineral density or kidney function.

scholarly journals Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Does Not Impair Responses to Resistance Training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut S. Mølmen ◽  
Daniel Hammarström ◽  
Gunnar S. Falch ◽  
Morten Grundtvig ◽  
Lise Koll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Core Outcome ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

AbstractRationaleSubjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone to accelerated decay of muscle strength and mass with advancing age. This is mediated by systemic pathophysiologies, which are also believed to impair responses to exercise training, a notion that remains largely unstudied.ObjectivesTo investigate the presence of impaired training responsiveness in COPD, measured as responses to resistance training compared to healthy participants.MethodsCOPD (GOLD grade II-III, n=20, age 69±5) and Healthy (n=58, age 67±4) conducted identical whole-body resistance training interventions, consisting of two weekly, supervised training sessions for 13 weeks. Leg exercises were performed unilaterally, with one leg conducting high-load training (10 repetitions maximum; RM) and the contralateral leg conducting low-load training (30RM).Measurements and Main ResultsMeasurements included muscle strength (n=7), endurance performance (n=6), muscle mass (n=2), muscle quality, muscle biology (vastus lateralis; muscle fiber characteristics, RNA content including transcriptome) and health-related variables (body composition, blood). For core outcome domains, weighted combined factors were calculated from the range of singular assessments.COPD showed marked improvements in lower-limb muscle strength/mass/quality and lower-limb/whole-body endurance performance, resembling or exceeding those of Healthy, measured as both relative and absolute change terms. This was accompanied by similar changes in muscle biological hallmarks (total RNA/rRNA content↑, muscle fiber cross-sectional area↑, type IIX proportions↓, changes in the mRNA transcriptome). Neither of the core outcome domains were differentially affected by resistance training load.ConclusionsCOPD showed marked, unimpaired and hitherto unrecognized responsiveness to resistance training, rejecting the notion of disease-related impairments in training responsiveness.

scholarly journals Changes in total and segmental bioelectrical resistance are correlated with whole-body and segmental changes in lean soft tissue following a resistance training intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant M. Tinsley ◽  
Patrick S. Harty ◽  
M. Lane Moore ◽  
Jozo Grgic ◽  
Analiza M. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Body Segment

Abstract Background Raw bioelectrical values can be used to assess physiological outcomes, though limited information is available concerning the relationships between changes in these values and changes in other variables of interest. Methods This investigation quantified the relationships between total and segmental changes in raw bioelectrical variables (i.e., resistance, reactance, and phase angle) and corresponding whole-body and segmental changes in independently assessed body composition. Resistance-trained females (n = 31, body mass index: 22.8 ± 2.6 kg/m2, body fat: 28 ± 6%) completed eight weeks of supervised resistance training. Before and after the intervention, body composition was assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (GE® Lunar Prodigy), and raw bioelectrical variables were assessed via 8-point multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (Seca® mBCA 515/514) at 19 frequencies ranging from 1 to 1000 kHz. Results Lean soft tissue of the whole body (+ 3.2% [2.1, 4.4]; mean [95% confidence interval]) and each body segment (+ 2.8 to 6.3%) increased as a result of the intervention. Group-level changes in total (− 2.4% [− 5.2, 0.3]) and segmental fat mass were not statistically significant. Significant decreases in total resistance (− 2.1% [− 3.7, − 0.6] at 50 kHz) and increases in phase angle (+ 4.2% [2.5, 5.9] at 50 kHz) were observed, with minimal changes in reactance and varying changes in segmental values. Moderate to strong negative correlations (0.63 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.83, p ≤ 0.001) were found between changes in lean soft tissue and changes in resistance for the whole body, trunk, and arms. No significant correlations were identified between changes in fat mass or bone mineral content and changes in any bioelectrical variable. Conclusions Total and segmental changes in resistance were associated with corresponding total and segmental changes in lean soft tissue following a resistance training intervention, while fewer associations were identified between changes in other bioelectrical parameters (i.e., reactance and phase angle) and body composition variables (e.g., fat mass and bone mineral content). Measurement frequency and body segment appeared to influence the presence and strength relationships between bioelectrical and body composition variables. These findings suggest that researchers and practitioners utilizing bioimpedance technology may benefit from examining raw resistance values to enhance detection of physiological adaptations to exercise interventions.

scholarly journals Comparison of body composition changes between low calorie high protein diet to standard protein in obese individuals with weight cycling – a randomised trial

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Jutamulia ◽  
Adventia Natali Paranoan ◽  
Septian Ika Prasetya ◽  
Ninik Mudjihartini ◽  
Fiastuti Witjaksono
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Weight Cycling ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Standard Protein

Background: The world prevalence of obesity in adult population in 2014 was nearly 13% while in Indonesia, it has reached 32.9% in the same year. Obesity is an established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. A large proportion of people who had succeeded to reduce body weight failed to maintain it (weight cycling). Studies were inconclusive about the best composition in the diet for such people. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the body composition changes resulted from low calorie high protein and standard protein diet programme in obese people with history of weight cycling. Methods: This is an open-randomized clinical trial of weight loss program as a part of a larger study researching the effect of low calorie high protein diet to body composition, oxidative stress, inflammation marker and metabolic syndrome in obese with weight cycling. A total of 61 adult obese men and women with history of weight cycling were recruited. Subjects were assigned to low calorie diet and were randomly distributed into two intervention groups, namely high protein group (22-30 % of total calories intake) and standard protein group (12-20%). Anthropometry and body composition data were taken at baseline and at the end of the study. Subjects were followed up to 8 weeks with daily reminder and weekly counselling. Results: Fourty five participants completed the study. There were significant reductions in in body weight and body mass index (BMI), fat mass, fat mass percentage, muscle mass, and gain in muscle mass percentage occurred in both groups (Standard protein: P<0.001; High protein: P<0.001 for all variables except for fat mass P= 0,001) with no difference between group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Calories deficit with either high protein or standard protein for 8 weeks brought about significant reduction in body composition

scholarly journals No benefits of prolonged vitamin D3 supplementation for adaptations to resistance training in old adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Sindre Mølmen ◽  
Daniel Hammarström ◽  
Karianne Pedersen ◽  
Anne Cecilie Lian Lie ◽  
Ragnvald Baardseth Steile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Old Adults

Background: Lifestyle therapy with resistance training is a potent measure to counteract age-related loss in muscle strength and mass. Unfortunately, many individuals fail to respond in the expected manner. This phenomenon is particularly common among older adults and those chronically diseased (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD), and may involve endocrine variables such as vitamin D. At present, the effects of vitamin D supplementation on responses to resistance training remain largely unexplored. Methods: Ninety-five male and female participants (healthy, n=71; COPD, n=24; age 68 ± 5 years) were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin D3 or placebo supplementation for 28 weeks in a double-blinded manner (latitude 61°N, September-May). Seventy-eight participants completed the RCT, which was initiated by 12 weeks of supplementation-only (in average, 3333 IU.day-1), followed by 13 weeks of combined supplementation (2000 IU.day-1) and supervised whole-body resistance training (twice weekly), interspersed with testing and measurements. Outcome measures included multiple assessments of muscle strength (n=7), endurance performance (n=6), and muscle mass (n=3, legs, primary), as well as muscle quality (legs), muscle biology (m. vastus lateralis; muscle fibre characteristics, transcriptome), and health-related variables (e.g. visceral fat mass and blood lipid profile). For main outcome domains such as muscle strength and muscle mass, weighted combined factors were calculated from the range of singular assessments. Results: Overall, 13 weeks of resistance training increased muscle strength (13% ± 8%), muscle mass (9% ± 8%) and endurance performance (one-legged, 23% ± 15%; whole-body, 8% ± 7%), assessed as weighted combined factors, and were associated with changes in health variables (e.g. visceral fat, -6% ± 21%; [LDL]serum, -4% ± 14%) and muscle tissue characteristics such as fibre type proportions (e.g. IIX, -3%-points), myonuclei.fibre-1 (30% ± 65%), total RNA/rRNA abundances (15%/6-19%), and transcriptome profiles (e.g. ~336 differentially expressed genes). Vitamin D3 supplementation led to robust increases in [25(OH)D]serum (Δ49% vs placebo), but did not affect training-associated changes for any of the main outcome domains, with no interaction being evident with disease status or pre-RCT [25(OH)D]serum. In secondary analyses, vitamin D3 affected expression of gene sets involved in vascular functions in muscle tissue, strength gains in participants with high fat mass, and [cortisol]serum (Δ20%), all of which advocate further study. Conclusions: Vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect muscular responses to resistance training in old adults with or without COPD.

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