scholarly journals Nutrition in Menopausal Women: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2149
Author(s):  
Thais R. Silva ◽  
Karen Oppermann ◽  
Fernando M. Reis ◽  
Poli Mara Spritzer
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Blood Pressure Reduction ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Clinical Endpoints ◽  
Postmenopausal Period

Among the various aspects of health promotion and lifestyle adaptation to the postmenopausal period, nutritional habits are essential because they concern all women, can be modified, and impact both longevity and quality of life. In this narrative review, we discuss the current evidence on the association between dietary patterns and clinical endpoints in postmenopausal women, such as body composition, bone mass, and risk markers for cardiovascular disease. Current evidence suggests that low-fat, plant-based diets are associated with beneficial effects on body composition, but further studies are needed to confirm these results in postmenopausal women. The Mediterranean diet pattern along with other healthy habits may help the primary prevention of bone, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases in the postmenopausal period. It consists on the use of healthy foods that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and is associated with a small but significant decrease in blood pressure, reduction of fat mass, and improvement in cholesterol levels. These effects remain to be evaluated over a longer period of time, with the assessment of hard outcomes such as bone fractures, diabetes, and coronary ischemia.

scholarly journals Protein and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation for 16 Weeks Improves Sleep and Mood States in Postmenopausal Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
Jamie Baum ◽  
Aubree Hawley ◽  
Caroline Baughn ◽  
Sam Walker ◽  
Angela Tacinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy

Abstract Objectives Body composition shifts as we age, resulting in loss of skeletal muscle mass with an increase in fat mass, which is linked to disruptions in sleep-wake rhythms and mood disturbance. Current evidence suggests protein and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3FA) individually augment sleep quality and attenuate depression, but a concomitant effect is yet to be determined. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of protein and O3FA supplementation on regulation of sleep and mood states in postmenopausal women. Methods Overweight, postmenopausal women (60.6 ± 9.0 years; BMI: 28.1 ± 6.9) participated in this randomized, controlled, single-blinded, 16 wk dietary intervention. Participants were allocated to 1 of 5 groups: 1) control, no INT (n = 6); 2) whey protein isolate (PRO; 25 g/d; n = 4); 3) O3FA (DHA/EPA; 4.3 g/d; n = 10); 4) PRO + soy bean oil (4.3 g/d) placebo (n = 6), and 5) PRO + O3FA (n = 8). Sleep (via Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Global Sleeping Score; PSQI GSS) and total mood disturbances; (TMD; via Profile of Mood States (POMS)) including six affect states of depression, fatigue, anger, tension, confusion, and vigor subscales were assessed at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 wks. Sleep was measured at 0, 8, and 16 wk via wrist Actigraphy. Body composition was measured via DXA at 0 and 16 wk. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA to assess the relationship between diet, sleep, and mood states over time. Results Overall, all interventions improved PSQI GSS (P < 0.05) by 16 wks. There was a trend for all interventions to improve sleep efficiency (P = 0.06), with no effect on total sleep time. All interventions improved TMD (P < 0.05) and vigor (P < 0.001), with a trend on depression (P = 0.06). PRO, O3FA, and O3FA + PRO significantly improved vigor at 12-wks (P < 0.01). PRO alone significantly improved vigor at 16 wk (P < 0.001) compared to CON. There was no significant effect of intervention on body composition. However, PRO, O3FA, and PRO + O3FA had a positive (564.7 ± 681.4 g) and the CON had a negative (−171.0 ± 991.6) net change of total lean mass at 16 wks. Conclusions This pilot study suggests that PRO, O3FA, and PRO + O3FA have potential to improve sleep and mood in overweight, postmenopausal women. Additional research is needed to determine the long-term individual and concomitant effect of PRO and O3FA on sleep and mood states. NCT0303041. Funding Sources Arkansas Biosciences Institute.

scholarly journals Vitamin A and Retinoids in Bladder Cancer Chemoprevention and Treatment: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence, Challenges and Future Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3510
Author(s):  
Larisa Tratnjek ◽  
Jera Jeruc ◽  
Rok Romih ◽  
Daša Zupančič
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
High Recurrence Rate

Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most common cancer worldwide with a high recurrence rate, morbidity and mortality. Therefore, chemoprevention and improved treatment of BC are of paramount importance. Epidemiological studies suggest that adequate vitamin A intake may be associated with reduced BC risk. In addition, retinoids, natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, are intensively studied in cancer research due to their antioxidant properties and their ability to regulate cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Findings from in vivo and in vitro models of BC show great potential for the use of retinoids in the chemoprevention and treatment of BC. However, translation to the clinical practice is limited. In this narrative review we discuss: (i) vitamin A and retinoid metabolism and retinoic acid signalling, (ii) the pathobiology of BC and the need for chemoprevention, (iii) the epidemiological evidence for the role of dietary vitamin A in BC, (iv) mechanistic insights obtained from in vivo and in vitro models, (v) clinical trials of retinoids and the limitations of retinoid use, (vi) novel systems of retinoid delivery, and (vii) components of retinoid signalling pathways as potential novel therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Are There Any Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Supplementation for Metabolic Syndrome Components in Postmenopausal Women?

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Elena Bobescu ◽  
Andreea Bălan ◽  
Marius Alexandru Moga ◽  
Andreea Teodorescu ◽  
Maria Mitrică ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacterium ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Postmenopausal Period ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Components

Spirulina is a phytosynthetic filamentous cyanobacterium with microscopic dimensions, which naturally grows in the highly-salted alkaline lakes of Africa, Mexico, America, and Asia. Several bioactive peptides extracted from Spirulina were demonstrated to possess antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulatory, antiallergic and antihypertensive properties. It has been reported that the consumption of Spirulina could prevent or manage metabolic syndrome components. In women, metabolic disorders are more prevalent during menopause. Postmenopausal women present higher waist circumference, increased blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and decreased HDL-cholesterol values, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, in order to prevent cardiovascular diseases, it is essential to manage the components of the metabolic syndrome during the postmenopausal period. As recent reports indicated the efficiency of Spirulina supplementation in the management of the metabolic syndrome components, our study aims to review all the clinical trials conducted on this topic. Our main objective is to have a better understanding of whether and how this cyanobacterium could manage the abnormalities included in the metabolic syndrome and if it could be used as a therapeutic approach in postmenopausal women with this condition. We selected relevant articles from PubMed, Google Scholar and CrossRef databases, and a total number of 20 studies met our criteria. All included clinical trials indicated that Spirulina has positive effects in managing metabolic syndrome components. Spirulina is a valuable cyanobacterium that can be used as a food supplement for the management of metabolic syndrome, and it is able to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. The optimal dose and period of administration remain a debated subject, and future investigations are required. Considering the beneficial effects reported against each component of the metabolic syndrome, Spirulina could also be effective in the postmenopausal period, when this syndrome is the most prevalent, but there is a strong need for human clinical trials in order to sustain this observation.

scholarly journals Effect of hormone replacement therapy on lipids and coagulation factors in postmenopausal women smokers

2002 ◽  
Vol 130 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Tatovic-Babic ◽  
Teodora Beljic ◽  
Milka Drezgic ◽  
Dragica Trpkovic ◽  
Ljiljana Balint-Peric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Postmenopausal Period ◽  
One Year

Postmenopause and smoking impair lipid profile, induce hypercoagulability and reduce fibrinolytic capacity [1, 2]. Postmenopause induced lipid changes can be reversed by oestrogen replacement [3]. Oestrogens also reduce fibrino-gen level [4] and have beneficial effects on endothelium [5]. Although several studies showed that hormone replacement therapy may increase the risk of thromboembolic diseases, procoagulant oestrogen activity has not clearly been demonstrated. It is well known that smoking accelerates oestrogen metabolism [6, 7], which may attenuate its beneficial effects. The present study was undertaken to determine if there is difference in beneficial effects of oestrogens between smokers and non-smokers in terms of coagulation process and lipids. The examination was a longitudinal one-year, before/after therapeutic study, which included healthy postmenopausal women (FSH levels at least 40 U/l), 30 smokers and 32 non-smokers who were under 55 years of age and postmenopausal period shorter than 5 years. Women with surgically induced menopause received unopposed oral oestrogens, while those with spontaneous menopause were treated with combined oral oestrogen/progestogen therapy. Before entering the study and in three-months intervals total LDL, HDL cholesterol, triglyc?rides and VLDL were determined, as well School of Medicine, Belgrade as plasma fibrinogen prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. Neither beneficial nor adverse effects of oestrogens on lipids and coagulation were observed during one-year follow-up in smokers, although subjects with longer smoking history had higher triglyc?rides levels after 12 months of therapy. On the contrary, oestrogen replacement reduced total and LDL cholesterol and increased HDL cholesterol in non-smokers, with no change in triglyc?rides and VLDL level. A decrease in fibrinogen levels and coagulation activity, expressed by protrombin time and partial thromboplastin time, were also observed in hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women who did not smoke. Peroral hormone replacement therapy does not induce favorable lipid changes in smokers. Higher triglyc?rides levels observed after one-year therapy in women with a longer smoking history indicate that transdermal replacement maybe more suitable in this group. Peroral oestrogen replacement has no anticoagulant or procoagulant activity in smokers during the early postmenopausal period.

Body composition and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Povoroznyuk ◽  
Nataliia Dzerovych ◽  
Roksolana Povoroznyuk
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density

Resveratrol Supplementation in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elgebaly ◽  
Ibrahim A. I. Radwan ◽  
Mohamed M. AboElnas ◽  
Hamza H. Ibrahim ◽  
Moutaz F. M. Eltoomy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Resveratrol is a potential treatment option for management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, and calorie restriction-like effects. We aimed to synthesise evidence from published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) about the efficacy of resveratrol in the management of NAFLD.Methods: A computer literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central was conducted using relevant keywords. Records were screened for eligible studies and data were extracted and synthesized using Review Manager Version 5.3 for windows. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted.Results: Four RCTs (n=158 patients) were included in the final analysis. The overall effect estimates did not favor resveratrol group in terms of: serum ALT (MD -2.89, 95%CI [-15.66, 9.88], p=0.66), serum AST (MD -3.59, 95%CI [-13.82, 6.63], p=0.49), weight (MD -0.18, 95%CI [-0.92, 0.55], p=0.63), BMI (MD -0.10, 95 %CI [-0.43, 0.24], p=0.57), blood glucose level (MD -0.27, 95%CI [-0.55, 0.01], p=0.05), insulin level (MD -0.12, 95%CI [-0.69, 0.46], p=0.69), triglyceride level (MD 0.04, 95%CI [-0.45, 0.53], p=0.87), and LDL level (MD 0.21, 95%CI [-0.41, 0.83], p=0.51). Pooled studies were heterogeneous.Conclusion: Current evidence is insufficient to support the efficacy of resveratrol in the management of NAFLD. Resveratrol does not attenuate the degree of liver fibrosis or show a significant decrease in any of its parameters.Abbreviations: ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; CK-18: Cytokeratin-18; CRP: C-reactive protein; HC: Head circumference; HDL: High density lipoprotein; IL-6: Interleukin-6; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; MD: Mean difference; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; RCT: Randomized Controlled Trial; RR: Relative risk; SIRT1: Silent information regulation 2 homologue 1; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α; WC: Waist circumference; WHR: Waist hip ratio.

The application of virtual reality in health professions� digital education: a narrative review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Tudor Car ◽  
Bhone Myint Kyaw ◽  
Josip Car
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Health Professions Education ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Educational Content ◽  
Potential Applications

BACKGROUND Digital technology called Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly employed in health professions’ education. Yet, based on the current evidence, its use is narrowed around a few most applications and disciplines. There is a lack of an overview that would capture the diversity of different VR applications in health professions’ education and inform its use and research. OBJECTIVE This narrative review aims to explore different potential applications of VR in health professions’ education. METHODS The narrative synthesis approach to literature review was used to analyse the existing evidence. RESULTS We outline the role of VR features such as immersion, interactivity and feedback and explain the role of VR devices. Based on the type and scope of educational content VR can represent space, individuals, objects, structures or their combination. Application of VR in medical education encompasses environmental, organ and micro level. Environmental VR focuses on training in relation to health professionals’ environment and human interactions. Organ VR educational content targets primarily human body anatomy; and micro VR microscopic structures at the level of cells, molecules and atoms. We examine how different VR features and health professional education areas match these three VR types. CONCLUSIONS We conclude by highlighting the gaps in the literature and providing suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals The Spectrum of Malnutrition/Cachexia/Sarcopenia in Oncology according to Different Cancer Types and Settings: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1980
Author(s):  
Paolo Bossi ◽  
Paolo Delrio ◽  
Annalisa Mascheroni ◽  
Michela Zanetti
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Modifiable Factors

Nutritional status in oncological patients may differ according to several modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Knowledge of the epidemiology of malnutrition/cachexia/sarcopenia may help to manage these complications early in the course of treatment, potentially impacting patient quality of life, treatment intensity, and disease outcome. Therefore, this narrative review aimed to critically evaluate the current evidence on the combined impact of tumor- and treatment-related factors on nutritional status and to draw some practical conclusions to support the multidisciplinary management of malnutrition in cancer patients. A comprehensive literature search was performed from January 2010 to December 2020 using different combinations of pertinent keywords and a critical evaluation of retrieved literature papers was conducted. The results show that the prevalence of weight loss and associated symptoms is quite heterogeneous and needs to be assessed with recognized criteria, thus allowing a clear classification and standardization of therapeutic interventions. There is a large range of variability influenced by age and social factors, comorbidities, and setting of cures (community-dwelling versus hospitalized patients). Tumor subsite is one of the major determinants of malnutrition, with pancreatic, esophageal, and other gastroenteric cancers, head and neck, and lung cancers having the highest prevalence. The advanced stage is also linked to a higher risk of developing malnutrition, as an expression of the relationship between tumor burden, inflammatory status, reduced caloric intake, and malabsorption. Finally, treatment type influences the risk of nutritional issues, both for locoregional approaches (surgery and radiotherapy) and for systemic treatment. Interestingly, personalized approaches based on the selection of the most predictive malnutrition definitions for postoperative complications according to cancer type and knowledge of specific nutritional problems associated with some new agents may positively impact disease course. Sharing common knowledge between oncologists and nutritionists may help to better address and treat malnutrition in this population.

scholarly journals Protective Role of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Tocopherols on TNFα-Induced ROS Production and ICAM-1 and Cl-2 Expression in HT29 Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Vladana Domazetovic ◽  
Irene Falsetti ◽  
Caterina Viglianisi ◽  
Kristian Vasa ◽  
Cinzia Aurilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bowel Diseases

Vitamin E, a fat-soluble compound, possesses both antioxidant and non-antioxidant properties. In this study we evaluated, in intestinal HT29 cells, the role of natural tocopherols, α-Toc and δ-Toc, and two semi-synthetic derivatives, namely bis-δ-Toc sulfide (δ-Toc)2S and bis-δ-Toc disulfide (δ-Toc)2S2, on TNFα-induced oxidative stress, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and claudin-2 (Cl-2) expression. The role of tocopherols was compared to that of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant precursor of glutathione synthesis. The results show that all tocopherol containing derivatives used, prevented TNFα-induced oxidative stress and the increase of ICAM-1 and Cl-2 expression, and that (δ-Toc)2S and (δ-Toc)2S2 are more effective than δ-Toc and α-Toc. The beneficial effects demonstrated were due to tocopherol antioxidant properties, but suppression of TNFα-induced Cl-2 expression seems not only to be related with antioxidant ability. Indeed, while ICAM-1 expression is strongly related to the intracellular redox state, Cl-2 expression is TNFα-up-regulated by both redox and non-redox dependent mechanisms. Since ICAM-1 and Cl-2 increase intestinal bowel diseases, and cause excessive recruitment of immune cells and alteration of the intestinal barrier, natural and, above all, semi-synthetic tocopherols may have a potential role as a therapeutic support against intestinal chronic inflammation, in which TNFα represents an important proinflammatory mediator.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document