scholarly journals Protective Effects of Small-Molecule Oligopeptides Isolated from Tilapia Fish Scale on Ethanol-Induced Gastroduodenal Injury in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2078
Author(s):  
Jiani Hu ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Xiaochen Yu ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Xinran Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Ethanol Group

Peptic ulcer has a serious impact on people’s health around the world, and traditional medicines can cause adverse reactions. This study investigated the protective effects of tilapia collagen oligopeptides (TCOPs) on gastroduodenal injury. Seventy-two specific pathogen-free (SPF) male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups according to body weight: normal control group, ethanol group, whey protein group (500 mg/kg BW), and three TCOPs dose groups (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg BW). After intragastric administration for 30 days, the acute gastroduodenal injury was induced by anhydrous ethanol (5 mL/kg, intragastrically) in all groups except the normal control group. Biomarkers in gastric and duodenal tissue and serum were measured. Furthermore, western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. The results showed that the administration with TCOPs significantly reduced gastric and duodenal ulcer index, increased gastric juice pH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, along with the reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. TCOPs decreased tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, while interleukin– 10 (IL-10) levels were increased. Furthermore, pepsinogens 1 (PG1), pepsinogens 2 (PG2), gastrin (GAS), and the pepsinogen ratio (PGR) were decreased, the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and NO contents were increased after TCOPs intervention. Moreover, TCOPs up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and inhibited the expression of Bax and Caspase-3. In conclusion, TCOPs have protective effects on ethanol-induced gastroduodenal injury through gastrointestinal mucosal microcirculation promotion, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis mechanisms.

Protective Effects of Atractylodes macrocephala Polysaccharide on Liver Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury and Its Possible Mechanism in Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 489-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Jin ◽  
Pei-Jian Zhang ◽  
Chuan-Qing Bao ◽  
Yuan-Long Gu ◽  
Bing-Hua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Atractylodes Macrocephala

Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide (AMP), a traditional Chinese medicine, is thought to have protective effects against liver injury. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the effects of AMP on hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) and elucidate the possible mechanisms. Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with 24 rats per group: a normal control group, an IRI group, an AMP-treated group (0.4 g/kg/d) and a bifendate-treated group (100 mg/kg). Rats were treated with AMP or bifendate once daily for seven days by gastric gavage. The normal control group and the IRI model group received an equivalent volume of physiological saline. At 1, 6 and 24 h after surgery, the rats were killed and liver tissue samples were obtained to determine interleukin-1 (IL-1) expression by Western blotting and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression by immunohistochemistry. Liver morphology was assessed by microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Blood samples were obtained to measure liver function (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin). AMP significantly reduced the elevated expression of markers of liver dysfunction and the hepatic morphologic changes induced by hepatic IRI in rats. AMP also markedly inhibited IRI-induced lipid peroxidation and altered the activities of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels. Moreover, pretreatment with AMP suppressed the expression of interleukin-1β and NF-kB in IRI-treated rats. These results suggest that AMP exerts protective and therapeutic effects against hepatic IRI in rats, which might be associated with its antioxidant properties and inhibition of NF-κB activation. More studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of AMP on hepatic IRI.

scholarly journals Genistein Attenuates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Increases Hepatic PPARγin a Rat Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warinda Susutlertpanya ◽  
Duangporn Werawatganon ◽  
Prasong Siriviriyakul ◽  
Naruemon Klaikeaw
Keyword(s):  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Nash Group ◽  
Ad Libitum

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become a global chronic liver disease, but no effective medicine has been proven to cure it. This study investigated the protective effects of genistein, a phytoestrogen, on NASH and examined whether it has any effect on hepatic PPARγ. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control group fed ad libitum with standard rat diet, NASH group fed ad libitum with high-fat diet to induce NASH and NASH + Gen8 group and NASH + Gen16 group fed with high-fat diet plus intragastric administration of 8 or 16 mg/kg genistein once daily. After 6 weeks, liver samples were collected to determine MDA, TNF-α, PPARγ, and histopathology. The findings were that levels of hepatic MDA and TNF-αincreased in NASH group, but 16 mg/kg genistein reduced these levels significantly. Downregulation of hepatic PPARγwas observed in NASH group, but genistein significantly upregulated the expression of PPARγin both NASH + Gen groups. The histological appearance of liver in NASH group presented pathological features of steatohepatitis which were diminished in both NASH + Gen groups. The results suggest that genistein attenuates the liver histopathology of NASH with upregulation of hepatic PPARγ, reduction of oxidative stress, and inhibition of inflammatory cytokine.

Gastroprotective Effect of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. pekinensis) Juice in Sprague Dawley Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-594
Author(s):  
Jin Han Chin ◽  
Kah Hui Wong ◽  
Soh Onn Yeong
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Gastroprotective Effect ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Background: Chinese cabbage or Brassica oleracea L. var. pekinensis is an edible leafy green vegetable in the family of Brassicaceae. Ethnopharmacological studies have shown that the juice of cabbage leaves is commonly used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, minor cuts and wounds and mastitis. Objective: This study was aimed to examine the gastroprotective effect of Chinese cabbage (Family: Brassicaceae) juice in rats by using ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Methods: Thirty albino male Sprague Dawley rats (150 ± 20 g) were divided into 6 groups with five rats (n = 5) in each group. The normal control group was treated with distilled water while the positive control group was intragastrically administered with omeprazole (20 mg/kg). Cabbage juice at 500 mg/kg was given orally to three experimental groups for 1-day, 7-day and 14-day, respectively. Ethanol (70 % v/v) was orally treated to all rats one hour after the last dose treatment except the normal control group. Results: Results obtained showed that repeated consumption of cabbage juice for 7 days and 14 days exhibited an increase in accumulation mucus and in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione- s-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as a reduction in gastric lesion area induced by ethanol compared with the ulceration control group. Conclusion: In conclusion, the gastroprotective effect of Chinese cabbage juice could be associated with its ability to increase endogenous antioxidant activities of SOD, GST and GSH-Px and mucus secretion in rat stomach.

scholarly journals Study on potential differentially expressed genes in stroke by bioinformatics analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xitong Yang ◽  
Pengyu Wang ◽  
Shanquan Yan ◽  
Guangming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ppi Network ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Pathway Enrichment ◽  
Key Genes

AbstractStroke is a sudden cerebrovascular circulatory disorder with high morbidity, disability, mortality, and recurrence rate, but its pathogenesis and key genes are still unclear. In this study, bioinformatics was used to deeply analyze the pathogenesis of stroke and related key genes, so as to study the potential pathogenesis of stroke and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Gene Expression profiles of GSE58294 and GSE16561 were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between IS and normal control group. The different expression genes (DEGs) between IS and normal control group were screened with the GEO2R online tool. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed. Using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), the function and pathway enrichment analysis of DEGS were performed. Then, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database. Cytoscape with CytoHubba were used to identify the hub genes. Finally, NetworkAnalyst was used to construct the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs) of the hub genes. A total of 85 DEGs were screened out in this study, including 65 upward genes and 20 downward genes. In addition, 3 KEGG pathways, cytokine − cytokine receptor interaction, hematopoietic cell lineage, B cell receptor signaling pathway, were significantly enriched using a database for labeling, visualization, and synthetic discovery. In combination with the results of the PPI network and CytoHubba, 10 hub genes including CEACAM8, CD19, MMP9, ARG1, CKAP4, CCR7, MGAM, CD79A, CD79B, and CLEC4D were selected. Combined with DEG-miRNAs visualization, 5 miRNAs, including hsa-mir-146a-5p, hsa-mir-7-5p, hsa-mir-335-5p, and hsa-mir-27a- 3p, were predicted as possibly the key miRNAs. Our findings will contribute to identification of potential biomarkers and novel strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke, and provide a new strategy for clinical therapy.

Effect of GDM on the Expression of MT1-MMP and u-PA in Glioma Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 220-223
Author(s):  
Xue Mei Han ◽  
Li Bo Wang ◽  
Ni Ni Li ◽  
Song Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Glioma Cell ◽  
Fetal Bovine Serum ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Glioma Cell Lines ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
Identify Gene Expression

To examine the effect of GDM on the expression of MT1-MMP and u-PA genes in glioma cells. Glioma cell lines U251 and U87 were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. RT-PCR was used to identify gene expression level. The level of u-PA mRNA was up-regulated significantly in the HGF group compared with the normal control group (P<0.05). The expression of MT1-MMP and u-PA was significantly lower in the GDM group than in the normal control and HGF groups (P<0.05). The expression of u-PA in the HGF+GDM group was down-regulated significantly compared with the normal control and HGF groups (P<0.05).GDM can inhibit expression of both MT1-MMP and u-PA in glioma cells.

scholarly journals Curcumin Decreased Oxidative Stress, Inhibited NF-κB Activation, and Improved Liver Pathology in Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury in Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchittra Samuhasaneeto ◽  
Duangporn Thong-Ngam ◽  
Onanong Kulaputana ◽  
Doungsamon Suyasunanont ◽  
Naruemon Klaikeaw
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Pathology ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hepatocyte Apoptosis ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Ethanol Group ◽  
Liver Histopathology

To study the mechanism of curcumin-attenuated inflammation and liver pathology in early stage of alcoholic liver disease, female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and treated with ethanol or curcumin via an intragastric tube for 4 weeks. A control group treated with distilled water, and an ethanol group was treated with ethanol (7.5 g/kg bw). Treatment groups were fed with ethanol supplemented with curcumin (400 or 1 200 mg/kg bw). The liver histopathology in ethanol group revealed mild-to-moderate steatosis and mild necroinflammation. Hepatic MDA, hepatocyte apoptosis, and NF-κB activation increased significantly in ethanol-treated group when compared with control. Curcumin treatments resulted in improving of liver pathology, decreasing the elevation of hepatic MDA, and inhibition of NF-κB activation. The 400 mg/kg bw of curcumin treatment revealed only a trend of decreased hepatocyte apoptosis. However, the results of SOD activity, PPARγprotein expression showed no difference among the groups. In conclusion, curcumin improved liver histopathology in early stage of ethanol-induced liver injury by reduction of oxidative stress and inhibition of NF-κB activation.

Identification of Hub Genes Associated with Development of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinglei Li ◽  
Wei Hou
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Differential Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Differential Gene

Abstract Purpose: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has high heterogeneity and poor prognosis, posing a major challenge to human health worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism of LUAD in order to be able to better predict its prognosis and develop new therapeutic strategies for target genes.Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus, were selected to comprehensively analyze and explore the differences between LUAD tumors and adjacent normal tissues. Critical gene information was obtained through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), differential gene expression analysis, and survival analysis.Results: Using WGCNA and differential gene expression analysis, 29 differentially expressed genes were screened. The functional annotation analysis showed these genes to be mainly concentrated in heart trabecula formation, regulation of inflammatory response, collagen-containing extracellular matrix, and metalloendopeptidase inhibitor activity. Also, in the protein–protein interaction network analysis, 10 central genes were identified using Cytoscape's CytoHubba plug-in. The expression of CDH5, TEK, TIMP3, EDNRB, EPAS1, MYL9, SPARCL1, KLF4, and TGFBR3 in LUAD tissue was found to be lower than that in the normal control group, while the expression of MMP1 in LUAD tissue was higher than that in the normal control group. According to survival analysis, the low expression of MYL9 and SPARCL1 was correlated with poor overall survival in patients with LUAD. Finally, through the verification of the Oncomine database, it was found that the expression levels of MYL9 and SPARCL1 were consistent with the mRNA levels in LUAD samples, and both were downregulated.Conclusion: Two survival-related genes, MYL9 and SPARCL1, were determined to be highly correlated with the development of LUAD. Both may play an essential role in the development LUAD and may be potential biomarkers for its diagnosis and treatment in the future.

scholarly journals Hepatotoxicity and Histological Evaluation of Aqueous and Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Thaumatococcus Daniellii and Alchornea Cordifolia in Wistar Rat Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p42
Author(s):  
Service @ Ideasspread.org ◽  
Okafor I. J. ◽  
Nweke E. O. ◽  
Ewa O.
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Group I

This study was carried out to ascertain the hepatotoxic potential of T.daniellii (T.d) and A. cordifolia (A.c). Investigations were conducted using standard methods. Oral administration of 200mg/kg aqueous leaf extracts of T.daniellii caused a non-significant increase in the activity of ALT (5.43±0.60IU/L), AST (16.93±0.26 IU/L) and ALP (160.70±1.04 IU/L) compared to the values recorded on the normal control (group I) ALT (3.84±0.16 IU/L), AST (14.19±0.52 IU/L) and ALP (157.26±0.64 IU/L). Group III administered with 200mg/kg methanolic leaf extract of T. daniellii manifested a significant elevation in the activity of ALT (13.15±0.89 IU/L), AST (22.84±0.38 IU/L) and ALP (170.40±0.44 IU/L) compared to the normal control. Similarly, groups IV and V which were orally administered with 200mg/kg aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of A. cordifolia showed significant increase in the activity of ALT (6.32±0.33U/L), AST (17.70±0.030U/L) and ALP (161.13±0.09U/L) and ALT (7.55±0.59U/L), AST (19.35±0.26U/L) and ALP (165.38±0.35U/L) respectively compared to the values recorded on the control (group I). In conclusion, drug development protocols involving T. daniellii leaf should preferably use water as an ideal solvent. On the other hand, the hepatotocity associated with both aqueous and methanolic extracts of A. cordifolia could imply the presence of hepatotoxins in the leaf of the said plant.

scholarly journals Effect of a Lower Limb Restless Period on Expression of Mir-1 and Mir-206 Neural Muscle Genes in Endurance Training Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-579
Author(s):  
Mahboubeh Sheikhan ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Reza Kordi ◽  
Hamid Rajabi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Muscle Genes ◽  
Univariate Anova ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Post Hoc

Background and Aim: Several microRNAs are involved in regulating muscle mass, which plays an essential role in hypertrophy and atrophy of skeletal muscle, The present study examined the expression of some genes as regulators of muscular atrophy following a period of inertia in rats. Methods & Materials: For this purpose, 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (Control, Exercise+inactivity, and Inactivity). The exercise+inactivity group run on the treadmill for 18 weeks and five times per week. The hindlimb of the animal was immobilized for seven days with the casting method. Soleus muscle was extracted and the expression of the genes was measured by the RT-PCR method. Univariate ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test was used to determine the differences (α=0.05). Ethical Considerations: The Ethics Committee of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences Research approved this study (Code: IR.SUMS.REC.1396.S 463). Results: Results showed that immobilization in both Exercise+ inactivity and inactivity groups, compare to the control group, increased expression of miR-1 genes (P<0.10), FOXO3a (P<0.001) and decreased expression of miR-206 (P<0.007) and IGF-1 (P<0.001). This difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be said that changes in the expression of RNAs by chromatography cause changes in the expression of muscle regulating genes, and although endurance exercises have protective effects, they cannot prevent these changes.

Protective effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on organophosphate poisoning

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahattin Avci ◽  
S. Sirri Bilge ◽  
Gokhan Arslan ◽  
Omer Alici ◽  
Ozge Darakci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Organophosphate Poisoning ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Locomotor Activities

In this study, we aimed to study the possible preventive effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a dietary omega-3 fatty acid, on toxicity caused by chlorpyrifos (CPF). Six groups of Sprague Dawley rats (200–250 g) consisting of equal numbers of males and females (n = 8) were assigned to study. The rats were orally given for 5 days. The control group was administered pure olive oil, which was the vehicle for CPF. The CPF challenge groups were administered oral physiological saline, pure olive oil, or DHA (50, 100 and 400 mg/kg dosages) for 5 days. The animals were weighed on the sixth day and then administered CPF (279 mg/kg, subcutaneously). The rats were weighed again 24 h following CPF administration. The body temperatures and locomotor activities of the rats were also measured. Blood samples, brain and liver tissues were collected for biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. A comparison with the control group demonstrated that CPF administration increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in blood, brain and liver, while it reduced catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) concentrations ( p < 0.05–0.001). Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) increased only in the brain ( p < 0.001). DHA reduced these changes in MDA and AOPP values ( p < 0.05–0.001), while it increased CAT, SOD and GPx concentrations ( p < 0.05–0.001). Similarly, DHA prevented the decreases in body weight, body temperature and locomotor activities caused by CPF at 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg dosages ( p < 0.05–0.001). Similar to the physiological and biochemical changes, the histopathological damage scores, which increased with CPF ( p < 0.05–0.01), decreased at all three dosages of DHA ( p < 0.05–0.01). Our findings suggest that DHA, by supporting the antioxidant mechanism, reduces toxicity caused by CPF.

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