scholarly journals Investigation of Sensitization Potential of the Soybean Allergen Gly m 4 by Using Caco-2/Immune Cells Co-Culture Model

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2058
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Bogdanov ◽  
Ekaterina I. Finkina ◽  
Daria N. Melnikova ◽  
Rustam H. Ziganshin ◽  
Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cell Epitope ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Bet V 1 ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
Soybean Allergen

The soybean allergen Gly m 4 is known to cause severe allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, unlike other Bet v 1 homologues, which induce mainly local allergic reactions. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the food Bet v 1 homologue Gly m 4 can be a sensitizer of the immune system. Susceptibility to gastrointestinal digestion was assessed in vitro. Transport through intestinal epithelium was estimated using the Caco-2 monolayer. Cytokine response of different immunocompetent cells was evaluated by using Caco-2/Immune cells co-culture model. Absolute levels of 48 cytokines were measured by multiplex xMAP technology. It was shown that Gly m 4 can cross the epithelial barrier with a moderate rate and then induce production of IL-4 by mature dendritic cells in vitro. Although Gly m 4 was shown to be susceptible to gastrointestinal enzymes, some of its proteolytic fragments can selectively cross the epithelial barrier and induce production of Th2-polarizing IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, which may point at the presence of the T-cell epitope among the crossed fragments. Our current data indicate that Gly m 4 can potentially be a sensitizer of the immune system, and intercommunication between immunocompetent and epithelial cells may play a key role in the sensitization process.

scholarly journals An integrated framework for quantifying immune-tumour interactions in a 3D co-culture model

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheed Al-Hity ◽  
FengWei Yang ◽  
Eduard Campillo-Funollet ◽  
Andrew E. Greenstein ◽  
Hazel Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
Spheroid Growth ◽  
Confocal Images ◽  
Cancer Spheroids

AbstractInvestigational in vitro models that reflect the complexity of the interaction between the immune system and tumours are limited and difficult to establish. Herein, we present a platform to study the tumour-immune interaction using a co-culture between cancer spheroids and activated immune cells. An algorithm was developed for analysis of confocal images of the co-culture to evaluate the following quantitatively; immune cell infiltration, spheroid roundness and spheroid growth. As a proof of concept, the effect of the glucocorticoid stress hormone, cortisol was tested on 66CL4 co-culture model. Results were comparable to 66CL4 syngeneic in vivo mouse model undergoing psychological stress. Furthermore, administration of glucocorticoid receptor antagonists demonstrated the use of this model to determine the effect of treatments on the immune-tumour interplay. In conclusion, we provide a method of quantifying the interaction between the immune system and cancer, which can become a screening tool in immunotherapy design.

Physical plasma and leukocytes – immune or reactive?

2018 ◽  
Vol 400 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Bekeschus ◽  
Christian Seebauer ◽  
Kristian Wende ◽  
Anke Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Physical Plasma

AbstractLeukocytes are professionals in recognizing and removing pathogenic or unwanted material. They are present in virtually all tissues, and highly motile to enter or leave specific sites throughout the body. Less than a decade ago, physical plasmas entered the field of medicine to deliver their delicate mix of reactive species and other physical agents for mainly dermatological or oncological therapy. Plasma treatment thus affects leukocytes via direct or indirect means: immune cells are either present in tissues during treatment, or infiltrate or exfiltrate plasma-treated areas. The immune system is crucial for human health and resolution of many types of diseases. It is therefore vital to study the response of leukocytes after plasma treatmentin vitroandin vivo. This review gathers together the major themes in the plasma treatment of innate and adaptive immune cells, and puts these into the context of wound healing and oncology, the two major topics in plasma medicine.

scholarly journals Mitoxantrone-Loaded Nanoparticles for Magnetically Controlled Tumor Therapy–Induction of Tumor Cell Death, Release of Danger Signals and Activation of Immune Cells

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 923
Author(s):  
Teresa Ratschker ◽  
Laura Egenberger ◽  
Magdalena Alev ◽  
Lisa Zschiesche ◽  
Julia Band ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tumor Cell Death ◽  
Immune Therapies

Stimulating the patient’s immune system represents a promising therapeutic strategy to fight cancer. However, low immunogenicity of the tumor cells within an immune suppressive milieu often leads to weak anti-tumor immune responses. Additionally, the immune system may be impaired by accompanying aggressive chemotherapies. We show that mitoxantrone, bound to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as the transport system, can be magnetically accumulated in adherent HT-29 colon carcinoma cells, thereby inducing the same cell death phenotype as its soluble counterpart, a chemotherapeutic agent and prototypic inductor of immunogenic cell death. The nanoparticle-loaded drug induces cell cycle stop, apoptosis and secondary necrosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner comparable to the free drug. Cell death was accompanied by the release of interleukin-8 and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as HSP70 and ATP, which fostered chemotactic migration of monocytes and maturation of dendritic cells. We furthermore ensured absence of endotoxin contaminations and compatibility with erythrocytes and platelets and investigated the influence on plasma coagulation in vitro. Summarizing, with magnetic enrichment, mitoxantrone can be accumulated at the desired place, sparing healthy peripheral cells and tissues, such as immune cells. Conserving immune competence in cancer patients in the future might allow combined therapeutic approaches with immune therapies (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors).

An in vitro triple cell co-culture model with primary cells mimicking the human alveolar epithelial barrier

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea D. Lehmann ◽  
Nicole Daum ◽  
Michael Bur ◽  
Claus-Michael Lehr ◽  
Peter Gehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Primary Cells ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
Triple Cell

Interaction of mouse splenocytes and macrophages with bacterial strains in vitro: the effect of age in the immune response

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Van Beek ◽  
J.A. Hoogerland ◽  
C. Belzer ◽  
P. De Vos ◽  
W.M. De Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Mouse Splenocytes ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Cellular Inflammatory Response

Probiotics influence the immune system, both at the local and systemic level. Recent findings suggest the relation between microbiota and the immune system alters with age. Our objective was to address direct effects of six bacterial strains on immune cells from young and aged mice: Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, Lactobacillus casei BL23, Lactococcus lactis MG1363, Bifidobacterium breve ATCC15700, Bifidobacterium infantis ATCC15697, and Akkermansia muciniphila ATCC BAA-835. We used splenocytes and naïve or interferon-γ-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) as responder populations. All tested bacterial strains induced phenotypic and cytokine responses in splenocytes and BMDM. Based on magnitude of the cellular inflammatory response and cytokine profiles, two subgroups of bacteria were identified, i.e. L. plantarum and L. casei versus B. breve, B. infantis, and A. muciniphila. The latter group of bacteria induced high levels of cytokines produced under inflammatory conditions, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10. Responses to L. lactis showed features of both subgroups. In addition, we compared responses by splenocytes and BMDM derived from young mice to those of aged mice, and found that splenocytes and BMDM derived from aged mice had an increased IL-10 production and dysregulated IL-6 and TNF production compared to young immune cells. Overall, our study shows differential inflammatory responses to distinct bacterial strains, and profound age-dependent effects. These findings, moreover, support the view that immune environment importantly influences bacterial immune effects.

Interferon-γ Mediated Pathways And Mitogen Stimulated Proliferation During And After An Acute Infection

Pteridines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Miriam Knoll ◽  
Dietmar Fuchs ◽  
Guenter Weiss ◽  
Rosa Bellmann-Weiler ◽  
Bojana Kovrlija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Acute Bacterial Infections

AbstractBackground: Interferon-γ (IFN- γ) regulates the degradation of tryptophan to kynurenine via induction of indoleamine- 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Local tryptophan depletion and accumulation of toxic metabolites might impair the proliferative capacity of lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to assess the actual status of immune system activation of patients with bacterial infection in the acute phase and during convalescence in vivo and in vitro. Parameters of systemic immune system activation were evaluated for associations with proliferative responsiveness of immune cells, and compared with healthy controls. Methods: 24 patients with various acute bacterial infections were included in the group of acutely ill patients. Sixteen patients participated in a follow-up examination after convalescence. The control group consisted of 6 healthy people. To assess the status of immune system activation in vivo, inflammation parameters C-reactive protein and differential blood counts were determined. Neopterin concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tryptophan and kynurenine measurements were performed with high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the patients’ blood and stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in vitro proliferation rates were evaluated by ³H-thymidine incorporation and neopterin production and tryptophan degradation were determined in supernatants of mitogen stimulated PBMCs. Results: Patients with acute bacterial infections showed reduced tryptophan and elevated neopterin concentrations, which did not normalize after convalescence period. Higher plasma neopterin values and increased IDO-activity were associated with reduced proliferative responses in vitro after stimulation with PHA. Associations were observed during acute infection as well as convalescence. Conclusions: Results of this study show that increased immune system activation in vivo is associated with impaired proliferative responsiveness of immune cells in vitro in acute bacterial infections as well as during convalescence.

scholarly journals Inulin, oligofructose and immunomodulation

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (S1) ◽  
pp. S49-S55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Watzl ◽  
Stephanie Girrbach ◽  
Monika Roller
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Cell Cytotoxicity ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Nk Cell Cytotoxicity

Diet is known to modulate immune functions in multiple ways and to affect host resistance to infections. Besides the essential nutrients, non-essential food constituents such as non-digestible carbohydrates may also have an impact on the immune system, especially in the area of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Recent data now provide first evidence that prebiotics such as inulin/oligofructose (IN/OF) modulate functions of the immune system. In animal studies IN/OF primarily activated immune cells in Peyer's patches including IL-10 production and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. Other immune functions modulated by IN/OF included the concentration of secretory IgA in ileum and caecum, splenic NK cell cytotoxicity as well as splenocyte cytokine production. In different tumour models, a lower incidence of tumours was observed, which in the case of colonic tumours was associated with enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity in the GALT. Few human studies so far have investigated the effects of IN/OF alone or in combination with other dietary supplements on immunocompetence. Supplementation of IN/OF resulted in minor changes of systemic immune functions such as decrease in phagocytic activity. No data are available on the effects of IN/OF on the GALT in man. The mechanisms of the reported effects of IN/OF on the immune system are currently investigated and include: (i) direct effects of lactic acid-producing bacteria or bacterial constituents on immune cells; (ii) the production of SCFA and binding to SCFA receptors on leucocytes. In conclusion, the current data suggest that IN/OF primarily modulate immune parameters in the GALT, but splenocytes are also activated by IN/OF. Human studies are needed to find out whether IN/OF have the potential to modulate systemic immunity in wellnourished individuals and to lower the risk of diseases such as colon cancer.

scholarly journals Pairwise Interactions in Adjuvant Combinations Dictate Immune Responses and Inform Cancer Immunotherapy Design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Pandey ◽  
Adam Gruenbaum ◽  
Tamara Kanashova ◽  
Philipp Mertins ◽  
Philippe Cluzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Immunomodulatory Agents ◽  
Pairwise Interactions

SUMMARYThe immune system makes decisions in response to complex combinations of microbial inputs. We do not understand the combinatorial logic that governs how the interplay between higher-order combinations of microbial or adjuvant signals shape immune responses, which hampers the rational design of vaccines and immunotherapies. Here, using in vitro coculture experiments and statistical analyses, we discover a general property for the combinatorial sensing of microbial signals, whereby the effects of triplet combinations of adjuvants on immune responses can be explained by the effects of single and pairwise stimulations. Mechanistically, we find that adjuvant singles and pairs dictate the information signaled by triplets in mouse and human DCs at the levels of transcription, chromatin and protein secretion. Furthermore, we exploit this simplifying property to develop and characterize cell-based immunotherapies using adjuvant combinations with anti-tumor properties in mouse models. We conclude that the processing of complex mixtures of microbial or adjuvant inputs by immune cells is governed by pairwise effects, which will inform the rationale combination of immunomodulatory agents such as adjuvants to manipulate immunity.

scholarly journals Histopathology of the gut in rheumatic diseases

Reumatismo ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
F. Macaluso ◽  
G. Guggino ◽  
A. Rizzo ◽  
A. Ferrante ◽  
F. Ciccia
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Intestinal Immune System ◽  
The Common

The gastrointestinal tract regulates the trafficking of macromolecules between the environment and the host through an epithelial barrier mechanism and is an important part of the immune system controlling the equilibrium between tolerance and immunity to non-self-antigens. Various evidence indicates that intestinal inflammation occurs in patients with rheumatic diseases. In many rheumatic diseases intestinal inflammation appears to be linked to dysbiosis and possibly represents the common denominator in the pathogenesis of different rheumatic diseases. The continuative interaction between dysbiosis and the intestinal immune system may lead to the aberrant activation of immune cells that can re-circulate from the gut to the sites of extraintestinal inflammation as observed in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The exact contribution of genetic factors in the development of intestinal inflammation in rheumatic diseases needs to be clarified.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document