scholarly journals Characterizing the Effects of Calcium and Prebiotic Fiber on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Function Using a Randomized Crossover Design—A Feasibility Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1937
Author(s):  
Lara S. Yoon ◽  
Karin B. Michels
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
And Function ◽  
Prebiotic Fiber

Consumption of prebiotic inulin has been found to increase calcium absorption, which may protect against gut diseases such as colorectal cancer. This dietary relation may be modulated by compositional changes in the gut microbiota; however, no human study has addressed this hypothesis. We determined the feasibility of a randomized crossover trial to evaluate the effect of three interventions (combined calcium and inulin supplementation, calcium supplementation alone, and inulin supplementation alone) on the intestinal microbiota composition and function. We conducted a 16-week pilot study in 12 healthy adults who consumed the three interventions in a random sequence. Participants provided fecal and blood samples before and after each intervention. Each intervention period lasted four weeks and was flanked by one-week washout periods. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and quantification of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) was determined in fecal samples. Systemic lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) was quantified in serum. Of the 12 individuals assigned to an intervention sequence, seven completed the study. Reasons for dropout included time (n = 3), gastrointestinal discomfort (n = 1), and moving (n = 1). Overall, participants reported positive attitudes towards the protocol (n = 9) but were unsatisfied by the practicalities of supplement consumption (44%) and experienced digestive discomfort (56%). We found no appreciable differences in microbial composition, SCFA concentration, nor LBP concentrations when comparing intervention periods. In conclusion, an intervention study using a randomized crossover design with calcium and a prebiotic fiber is feasible. Improvements of our study design include using a lower dose prebiotic fiber supplement and a larger sample size.

scholarly journals Gut metagenomics discriminates unique microbial signatures in diverse symptomatic profiles with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Haiting Sun ◽  
Yufen Huang ◽  
Anqi Yin ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Early Life Events

Abstract BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heterogeneous psychiatric disorder that can be divided into inattentive (I-ADHD), hyperactive-impulsive (HI-ADHD), and combined (C-ADHD) subtypes. Different early life events and environmental factors correlated with the gut microbiota community have been implicated in the development of ADHD. However, whether different ADHD symptomatic presentations are associated with distinct microbiota composition and function still unknown. Therefore, we carried out metagenomic analysis from 207 subjects to characterize the gut microbial profiles in ADHD and subgroup patients.ResultsThe current study revealed that the gut microbiota composition (beta diversity) can be effectively distinguished between C-ADHD patients and HCs, but not I-ADHD patients and HCs, nor general ADHD patients and HCs. Features include underrepresentation of 8 species belonging to the genus Bacteroides and enrichment of 5 species of Bifidobacterium and Prevotella in general ADHD patients (all p < 0.05). Eight of the above species became progressively reduced (ovatus, thetaiotaomicron, intestinalis, cellulosilyticus, and fluxus belonging to the genus Bacteroides) or enriched (Prevotella_copri, Prevotella_buccae and Bifidobacterium_breve) from healthy controls (HCs) to I-ADHD and C-ADHD patients. Predicted metabolic functions from these distinguished gut microbial markers described a certain compensatory host metabolism in ADHD and subgroup patients. Particularly, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (a dominant vitamin B6 active type) biosynthesis pathways were significantly reduced in C-ADHD patients, because serum vitamin B6 deficiency in ADHD patients was found previously. Of note, we identified diverse virulence factor and antibiotic resistance from the gut microbiota of ADHD patients. The abundance of antibiotic resistance ontology ANT(9)-Ia positively correlated with the abundance of Prevotella_amnii, which was enriched in ADHD patients. Moreover, species-based bacterial markers were used to construct classifiers and achieved a higher AUC of 0.87 in C-ADHD vs. HC than that in ADHD vs. HC (AUC = 0.84).ConclusionsThese findings uncover alterations in microbial composition in subgroup patients and provide potential biomarkers for diagnosis different symptomatic presentations for ADHD.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03447223. Registered 27 February 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03447223?term=03447223&draw=2&rank=1

scholarly journals Monitoring the variation in the gut microbiota of captive woolly monkeys related to changes in diet during a reintroduction process

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Quiroga-González ◽  
Luis Alberto Chica Cardenas ◽  
Mónica Ramírez ◽  
Alejandro Reyes ◽  
Camila González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Woolly Monkeys ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lagothrix Lagothricha

AbstractMicrobiome is known to play an important role in the health of organisms and different factors such as diet have been associated with modifications in microbial communities. Differences in the microbiota composition of wild and captive animals has been evaluated; however, variation during a reintroduction process in primates has never been reported. Our aim was to identify changes in the bacterial composition of three individuals of reintroduced woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagothricha) and the variables associated with such changes. Fecal samples were collected and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to determine gut microbial composition and functionality. Individual samples from released individuals showed a higher microbial diversity after being released compared to before liberation, associated with changes in their diet. Beta diversity and functionality analysis showed separation of samples from released and captive conditions and the major factor of variation was the moment of liberation. This study shows that intestinal microbiota varies depending on site conditions and is mainly associated with diet diversity. The intake of food from wild origin by released primates may promote a positive effect on gut microbiota, improving health, and potentially increasing success in reintroduction processes.

A Crucial Role for Diet in the Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Attaye ◽  
Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma ◽  
Hilde Herrema ◽  
Max Nieuwdorp
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality on a global scale. The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential target to beneficially modulate CMD risk, possibly via dietary interventions. Dietary interventions have been shown to considerably alter gut microbiota composition and function. Moreover, several diet-derived microbial metabolites are able to modulate human metabolism and thereby alter CMD risk. Dietary interventions that affect gut microbiota composition and function are therefore a promising, novel, and cost-efficient method to reduce CMD risk. Studies suggest that fermentable carbohydrates can beneficially alter gut microbiota composition and function, whereas high animal protein and high fat intake negatively impact gut microbiota function and composition. This review focuses on the role of macronutrients (i.e., carbohydrate, protein, and fat) and dietary patterns (e.g., vegetarian/vegan and Mediterranean diet) in gut microbiota composition and function in the context of CMD.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Gut Microbiota of Adult Mosquitoes From Eight Locations in Hainan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Kang ◽  
Yanhong Wang ◽  
Siping Li ◽  
Xiaomei Sun ◽  
Xiangyang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Quality Filtering ◽  
And Function

The midgut microbial community composition, structure, and function of field-collected mosquitoes may provide a way to exploit microbial function for mosquito-borne disease control. However, it is unclear how adult mosquitoes acquire their microbiome, how the microbiome affects life history traits and how the microbiome influences community structure. We analyzed the composition of 501 midgut bacterial communities from field-collected adult female mosquitoes, including Aedes albopictus, Aedes galloisi, Culex pallidothorax, Culex pipiens, Culex gelidus, and Armigeres subalbatus, across eight habitats using the HiSeq 4000 system and the V3−V4 hyper-variable region of 16S rRNA gene. After quality filtering and rarefaction, a total of 1421 operational taxonomic units, belonging to 29 phyla, 44 families, and 43 genera were identified. Proteobacteria (75.67%) were the most common phylum, followed by Firmicutes (10.38%), Bacteroidetes (6.87%), Thermi (4.60%), and Actinobacteria (1.58%). The genera Rickettsiaceae (33.00%), Enterobacteriaceae (20.27%), Enterococcaceae (7.49%), Aeromonadaceae (7.00%), Thermaceae (4.52%), and Moraxellaceae (4.31%) were dominant in the samples analyzed and accounted for 76.59% of the total genera. We characterized the midgut bacterial communities of six mosquito species in Hainan province, China. The gut bacterial communities were different in composition and abundance, among locations, for all mosquito species. There were significant differences in the gut microbial composition between some species and substantial variation in the gut microbiota between individuals of the same mosquito species. There was a marked variation in different mosquito gut microbiota within the same location. These results might be useful in the identification of microbial communities that could be exploited for disease control.

scholarly journals Role of Biological Sex in the Cardiovascular-Gut Microbiome Axis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangyue Li ◽  
Georgios Kararigas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

There has been a recent, unprecedented interest in the role of gut microbiota in host health and disease. Technological advances have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the gut microbiome. Increasing evidence has indicated a strong link between gut microbiota and the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the present article, we discuss the contribution of gut microbiota in the development and progression of CVD. We further discuss how the gut microbiome may differ between the sexes and how it may be influenced by sex hormones. We put forward that regulation of microbial composition and function by sex might lead to sex-biased disease susceptibility, thereby offering a mechanistic insight into sex differences in CVD. A better understanding of this could identify novel targets, ultimately contributing to the development of innovative preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for men and women.

scholarly journals Liver-specific knockdown of ANGPTL8 alters the structure of the gut microbiota in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinlong Cheng ◽  
Yining Li ◽  
Yonghong Xiong ◽  
Yixin Zou ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Functional Prediction ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Purpose To investigate the effect of liver-specific knockdown of ANGPTL8 on the structure of the gut microbiota. Methods We constructed mice with liver-specific ANGPTL8 knockdown by using an adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) system harbouring an ANGPTL8 shRNA. We analysed the structure and function of the gut microbiome through pyrosequencing and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) functional prediction. Results Compared with controls, ANGPTL8 shRNA reduced the Simpson index and Shannon index (p < 0.01) of the gut microbiota in mice. At the phylum level, the sh-ANGPTL8 group showed a healthier gut microbiota composition than controls (Bacteroidetes: controls 67.52%, sh-ANGPTL8 80.75%; Firmicutes: controls 10.96%, sh-ANGPTL8 8.58%; Proteobacteria: controls 9.29%, sh-ANGPTL8 0.98%; F/B ratio: controls 0.16, sh-ANGPTL8 0.11). PCoA and UPGMA analysis revealed a significant difference in microbiota composition, while KEGG analysis revealed a significant difference in microbiota function between controls and the sh-ANGPTL8 group. Conclusion Our results revealed that inhibition of ANGPTL8 signalling altered the structure of the gut microbiome, which might further affect the metabolism of mice. We have thus identified ANGPTL8 as a novel hepatogenic hormone potentially involving the liver-gut axis and regulating the structure of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals PSI-10 Establishing a foundation to harvest the potential of the microbiome in poultry production

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 293-294
Author(s):  
Camila S Marcolla ◽  
Benjamin Willing
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aimed to characterize poultry microbiota composition in commercial farms using 16S rRNA sequencing. Animals raised in sanitized environments have lower survival rates when facing pathogenic challenges compared to animals naturally exposed to commensal organisms. We hypothesized that intensive rearing practices inadvertently impair chicken exposure to microbes and the establishment of a balanced gut microbiota. We compared gut microbiota composition of broilers (n = 78) and layers (n = 20) from different systems, including commercial intensive farms with and without in-feed antibiotics, organic free-range farms, backyard-raised chickens and chickens in an experimental farm. Microbial community composition of conventionally raised broilers was significantly different from antibiotic-free broilers (P = 0.012), from broilers raised outdoors (P = 0.048) and in an experimental farm (P = 0.006) (Fig1). Significant community composition differences were observed between antibiotic-fed and antibiotic-free chickens (Fig2). Antibiotic-free chickens presented higher alpha-diversity, higher relative abundance of Deferribacteres, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and lower relative abundance of Firmicutes, Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales than antibiotic-fed chickens (P &lt; 0.001) (Fig3). Microbial community composition significantly changed as birds aged. In experimental farm, microbial community composition was significant different for 7, 21 and 35 day old broilers (P &lt; 0.001), and alpha diversity increased from 7 to 21d (P &lt; 0.024), but not from 21 to 35d; whereas, in organic systems, increases in alpha-diversity were observed from 7d to 21d, and from 21d to 35d (P &lt; 0.05). Broilers and layers raised together showed no differences in microbiota composition and alpha diversity (P &gt; 0.8). It is concluded that production practices consistently impact microbial composition, and that antibiotics significantly reduces microbial diversity. We are now exploring the impact of differential colonization in a controlled setting, to determine the impact of the microbes associated with extensively raised chickens. This study will support future research and the development of methods to isolate and introduce beneficial microbes to commercial systems.

Dietary Protein and Gut Microbiota Composition and Function

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfei Zhao ◽  
Xiaoya Zhang ◽  
Hongbin Liu ◽  
Michael A. Brown ◽  
Shiyan Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Human milk oligosaccharide categories define the microbiota composition in human colostrum

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Aakko ◽  
H. Kumar ◽  
S. Rautava ◽  
A. Wise ◽  
C. Autran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Human Colostrum ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharide ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are structurally diverse unconjugated glycans with a composition unique to each lactating mother. While HMOs have been shown to have an impact on the development of infant gut microbiota, it is not well known if HMOs also already affect milk microbial composition. To address this question, we analysed eleven colostrum samples for HMO content by high-pressure liquid chromatography and microbiota composition by quantitative PCR. Higher total HMO concentration was associated with higher counts of Bifidobacterium spp. (ρ=0.63, P=0.036). A distinctive effect was seen when comparing different HMO groups: positive correlations were observed between sialylated HMOs and Bifidobacterium breve (ρ=0.84, P=0.001), and non-fucosylated/non-sialylated HMOs and Bifidobacterium longum group (ρ=0.65, P=0.030). In addition to associations between HMOs and bifidobacteria, positive correlations were observed between fucosylated HMOs and Akkermansia muciniphila (ρ=0.70, P=0.017), and between fucosylated/sialylated HMOs and Staphylococcus aureus (ρ=0.75, P=0.007). Our results suggest that the characterised HMOs have an effect on specific microbial groups in human milk. Both oligosaccharides and microbes provide a concise inoculum for the compositional development of the infant gut microbiota.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document