scholarly journals Vitamin A Status Improvement in Obesity: Findings and Perspectives Using Encapsulation Techniques

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1921
Author(s):  
Camila de Carvalho Gomes ◽  
Thais Souza Passos ◽  
Ana Heloneida Araújo Morais
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Obesity Therapy ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The association between obesity and vitamin A has been studied. Some studies point to the anti-obesity activity related to this vitamin, carotenoids with provitamin A activity, and carotenoid conversion products. This performance has been evaluated in respect of adipogenesis, metabolic activity, oxidation processes, secretory function, and oxidative stress modulation, showing a new property attributed to vitamin A in preventing and treating obesity. However, vitamin A and its precursors are highly sensitive and easily degraded when subjected to heat, the presence of light, and oxygen, in addition to losses related to the processes of digestion and absorption. In this context, encapsulation presents itself as an alternative capable of increasing vitamin A’s stability in the face of unfavorable conditions in the environment, which can reduce its functionality. Considering that vitamin A’s status shows a strong correlation with obesity and is an innovative theme, this article addresses the associations between vitamin A’s consumption and its precursors, encapsulated or not, and its physiological effects on obesity. The present narrative review points out those recent studies that demonstrate that vitamin A and its encapsulated precursors have the most preserved functionality, which guarantees better effects on obesity therapy.

scholarly journals Cassava with enhanced β-carotene maintains adequate vitamin A status in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) despite substantial cis-isomer content

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Howe ◽  
Bussie Maziya-Dixon ◽  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Isomer Content ◽  
Β Carotene

Efforts to increase β-carotene in cassava have been successful, but the ability of high-β-carotene cassava to prevent vitamin A deficiency has not been determined. Two studies investigated the bioefficacy of provitamin A in cassava and compared the effects of carotenoid content and variety on vitamin A status in vitamin A-depleted Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Gerbils were fed a vitamin A-free diet 4 weeks prior to treatment. In Expt 1, treatments (ten gerbils per group) included 45 % high-β-carotene cassava, β-carotene and vitamin A supplements (intake matched to high-β-carotene cassava group), and oil control. In Expt 2, gerbils were fed cassava feeds with 1·8 or 4·3 nmol provitamin A/g prepared with two varieties. Gerbils were killed after 4 weeks. For Expt 1, liver vitamin A was higher (P < 0·05) in the vitamin A (1·45 (sd 0·23) μmol/liver), lower in the control (0·43 (sd 0·10) μmol/liver), but did not differ from the β-carotene group (0·77 (sd 0·12) μmol/liver) when compared with the high-β-carotene cassava group (0·69 (sd 0·20) μmol/liver). The bioconversion factor was 3·7 μg β-carotene to 1 μg retinol (2 mol:1 mol), despite 48 % cis-β-carotene [(Z)-β-carotene] composition in cassava. In Expt 2, cassava feed with 4·3 nmol provitamin A/g maintained vitamin A status. No effect of cassava variety was observed. Serum retinol concentrations did not differ. β-Carotene was detected in livers of gerbils receiving cassava and supplements, but the cis-to-trans ratio in liver differed from intake. Biofortified cassava adequately maintained vitamin A status and was as efficacious as β-carotene supplementation in the gerbil model.

Effect of Provitamin A-biofortified Cassava on Vitamin A Status of Kenyan Children: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-837
Author(s):  
Elise Talsma ◽  
Inge Brouwer ◽  
Hans Verhoef ◽  
Alice Mwangi ◽  
Erick Boy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Randomised Controlled

scholarly journals Can Increased Vegetable Consumption Improve Iron Status?

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia de Pee ◽  
Clive E. West ◽  
Muhilal ◽  
Darwin Karyadi ◽  
Joseph G. A. J. Hautvast
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Fortified Foods ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Vitamin A Status

Theoretically, vegetable consumption could improve iron status. First, vegetables contain iron. Second, when the provitamin A carotenoids in vegetables improve vitamin A status, the result could be increased iron levels. Most studies on vegetable consumption have focused on improvements in vitamin A status, and only very few have addressed iron status. From a review of the literature and a recent study in Indonesia, we conclude that the data on the effectiveness of vegetables to improve the levels of both nutrients are inconclusive. The bioavailability of both iron and provitamin A carotenoids might be lower than expected. It is necessary to conduct other intervention studies using plant foods, animal foods, and fortified foods. In the meantime, other strategies that have been proved to reduce iron and vitamin A deficiencies should continue.

Usefulness of Vitamin A Isotope Methods for Status Assessment: From Deficiency through Excess

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Indirect Indicator ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
Retinol Concentration

A variety of methods exist to assess vitamin A status of groups and populations. Vitamin A status is usually defined by the liver retinol concentration. Most indicators of status do not measure or estimate liver stores of retinol. Clinical signs only have utility when liver reserves are almost exhausted, and serum retinol concentrations have utility in the zone of overt deficiency. Dose response tests offer more coverage, but cannot distinguish among liver vitamin A stores in the adequate through toxic range. Different countries continue, or are beginning, to add preformed vitamin A to a variety of staple foods through fortification, and vitamin A supplements are still being distributed in many countries, especially to preschool children. Further, provitamin A biofortified crops are currently being released in several countries. Assessing population vitamin A status in response to these interventions needs to move beyond serum retinol concentrations. Indicators that work in the excessive to toxic range of liver reserves are needed. To date, the only indirect indicator that has been validated in this range of liver reserves in animals and humans is the retinol isotope dilution test using deuterium or 13C, which spans the entire liver reserve continuum from deficiency through excess.

scholarly journals Impact of provitamin A biofortified maize on vitamin A status in Zambian children (646.6)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Palmer ◽  
Justin Chileshe ◽  
Kerry Schulze ◽  
Ward Siamusantu ◽  
Rolf Klemm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Status

scholarly journals Small quantities of carotenoid-rich tropical green leafy vegetables indigenous to Africa maintain vitamin A status in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1594-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Ejoh ◽  
Joseph T. Dever ◽  
Jordan P. Mills ◽  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Retinyl Acetate ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Β Carotene

Leafy vegetables are important sources of provitamin A carotenoids. Information on their ability to provide vitamin A is often misleading because of the methodology used to assess bioefficacy. Mongolian gerbils were used to evaluate the bioefficacy of provitamin A carotenoids in tropical leafy vegetables (i.e. Solanum nigrum, Moringa oleifera, Vernonia calvoana and Hibiscus cannabinus) that are indigenous to Africa. Gerbils (n 67) were vitamin A-depleted for 5 weeks. After a baseline kill (n 7), the gerbils were weight-matched and assigned to six treatment groups (n 10; four vegetable groups; negative and positive controls). For 4 weeks, the treatments included 35 nmol vitamin A (theoretical concentrations based on 100 % bioefficacy) in the form of vegetables or retinyl acetate. In addition to their diets, the control and vegetable groups received daily doses of oil, while the vitamin A group received retinyl acetate in oil matched to prior day intake. Serum and livers were analysed for vitamin A using HPLC. Serum retinol concentrations did not differ among groups, but total liver vitamin A of the vitamin A and vegetable groups were higher than that of the negative control group (P < 0·0001). Liver β-carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase-1 expression levels were determined for two vegetable groups and were similar to the positive and negative controls. Conversion factors for the different leafy vegetables were between 1·9 and 2·3 μg β-carotene equivalents to 1 μg retinol. Small quantities of these vegetables maintained vitamin A status in gerbils through efficient bioconversion of β-carotene to retinol.

scholarly journals Our Current Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A—Now 20 Years Old

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Catharine Ross ◽  
Nancy E Moran
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dark Adaptation ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vitamin A Metabolism ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Dietary Reference Intakes ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Women And Children

ABSTRACT The DRI values for vitamin A were last reviewed and defined in 2001. At the time, there was very sparse data that could be used to set the DRI values for pregnancy, lactation, and infancy. In the subsequent 20 y since the last formal review, a number of findings relevant to the adequacy indicator of visual dark adaptation in pregnancy, the usual vitamin A content of breast milk across lactation stages, and vitamin A metabolism in women and children have been published. Furthermore, identification of genetic variables affecting the bioconversion of provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A have provided an improved explanation for interindividual variability in responses to provitamin A carotenoids. The purpose of this collection of articles, introduced herein, is to review and apply recent findings about vitamin A status, address current gaps in knowledge, and suggest avenues for future research needed to refine the DRI values for pregnancy, lactation, and early life.

scholarly journals Stable isotope dilution techniques for assessing vitamin A status and bioefficacy of provitamin A carotenoids in humans

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold C Furr ◽  
Michael H Green ◽  
Marjorie Haskell ◽  
Najat Mokhtar ◽  
Penelope Nestel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Stable Isotope Dilution ◽  
Vitamin A Status

AbstractVitamin A deficiency is a major global public health problem. Among the variety of techniques that are available for assessing human vitamin A status, evaluating the provitamin A nutritional values of foodstuffs and estimating human vitamin A requirements, isotope dilution provides the most accurate estimates. Although the relative expense of isotope dilution restricts its applications, it has an important function as the standard of reference for other techniques. Mathematical modelling plays an indispensable role in the interpretation of isotope dilution data. This review summarises recent applications of stable isotope methodology to determine human vitamin A status, estimate human vitamin A requirements, and calculate the bioconversion and bioefficacy of food carotenoids.

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