scholarly journals Potassium Metabolism and Management in Patients with CKD

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1751
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Yamada ◽  
Masaaki Inaba
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Lethal Arrhythmia ◽  
Potassium Metabolism

Potassium (K), the main cation inside cells, plays roles in maintaining cellular osmolarity and acid–base equilibrium, as well as nerve stimulation transmission, and regulation of cardiac and muscle functions. It has also recently been shown that K has an antihypertensive effect by promoting sodium excretion, while it is also attracting attention as an important component that can suppress hypertension associated with excessive sodium intake. Since most ingested K is excreted through the kidneys, decreased renal function is a major factor in increased serum levels, and target values for its intake according to the degree of renal dysfunction have been established. In older individuals with impaired renal function, not only hyperkalemia but also hypokalemia due to anorexia, K loss by dialysis, and effects of various drugs are likely to develop. Thus, it is necessary to pay attention to K management tailored to individual conditions. Since abnormalities in K metabolism can also cause lethal arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death, it is extremely important to monitor patients with a high risk of hyper- or hypokalemia and attempt to provide early and appropriate intervention.

scholarly journals THE STABILITY OF THE ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM OF THE BLOOD IN NATURALLY NEPHROPATHIC ANIMALS AND THE EFFECT ON RENAL FUNCTION OF CHANGES IN THIS EQUILIBRIUM

1918 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
William deB. MacNider
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Equilibrium ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium ◽  
The Stability

1. The naturally acquired chronic glomerulonephropathies of the dog are not due to an acid intoxication. 2. Such an injury renders the acid-base equilibrium of the animal unstable and susceptible to an agent such as an anesthetic which tends to induce an acid intoxication. 3. When naturally nephropathic animals are anesthetized by Grehant's anesthetic, the principal anesthetic ingredient of which is chloroform, the animals develop an acid intoxication, and become anuric and non-responsive to diuretic substances. 4. The development of the anuria has been constantly associated with swelling, vacuolation, and necrosis of the convoluted tubule epithelium. 5. In the kidneys of these animals there occurs an accumulation of fat which is largely confined to the ascending limbs of Henle's loops and which shows a quantitative relation with the degree of acid intoxication.

Spectrophotometric study of the interaction of Chromazurol S and Eriochromazurol B with surface active substances - tensides

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1090-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Burešová ◽  
Vlastimil Kubáň ◽  
Lumír Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Critical Micellar Concentration ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Conditional Stability ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Binary Complexes ◽  
Chromazurol S ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Conditional Stability Constants ◽  
Triton X

The acid-base and optical properties of Chromazurol S and Eriochromazurol B in the presence of 1 . 10-6 - 2 . 10-2M solutions of cetylpyridinium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and 1-ethoxycarbonylpentadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (Septonex) and 0.001-1.0% w/v solutions of octylphenolpolyethylene glycol ether (Triton X-100), polyoxyethylenemonolauryl ether (Brij 35) and lauryl sulphate sodium salt were determined by graphical and numerical interpretation of absorbance curves. The poorly soluble ion associates, which can be extracted into chloroform and which have the defined composition [LH4-nn-.n T+] or [LH3-nn-.n T+] are formed at submicellar concentration of the tenside. In regions close to the critical micellar concentration of the tenside, soluble binary complexes of the acid-base forms of the reagent are formed with tenside micelles. The conditional stability constants of the reagent acid-base equilibrium depend on the type and concentration of the tenside, on the reagent concentration, on the concentration and type of inorganic acid anions and on the ionic strength of the solution. The mechanism of interaction of the reagent with the tenside and the probable structure of the binary species are discussed.

scholarly journals ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM IN THE NORMAL

1942 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
Frank C. d'Elseaux ◽  
Frances C. Blackwood ◽  
Lucille E. Palmer ◽  
Katherine G. Sloman
Keyword(s):  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Equilibrium ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium

scholarly journals THE ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM OF THE BLOOD IN PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

1931 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-617
Author(s):  
Edward Muntwyler ◽  
Natalie Limbach ◽  
Arthur H. Bill ◽  
Victor C. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Equilibrium ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium

scholarly journals TOTAL ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM OF PLASMA IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

1926 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-218
Author(s):  
John P. Peters ◽  
Harold A. Bulger ◽  
Anna J. Eisenman ◽  
Carter Lee
Keyword(s):  
Acid Base ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Base Equilibrium ◽  
Acid Base Equilibrium ◽  
Health And Disease
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