scholarly journals The Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus Controls Food Intake and Body Weight via Hindbrain POMC Projections

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1642
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Fortin ◽  
Jack Chen ◽  
Harvey J. Grill ◽  
Matthew R. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Trigeminal Nucleus ◽  
Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Motor Information ◽  
Functional Relevance ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
Body Weight Control

The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Mes5) processes oral sensory–motor information, but its role in the control of energy balance remains unexplored. Here, using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we show that the Mes5 expresses the melanocortin-4 receptor. Consistent with MC4R activation in other areas of the brain, we found that Mes5 microinjection of the MC4R agonist melanotan-II (MTII) suppresses food intake and body weight in the mouse. Furthermore, NTS POMC-projecting neurons to the Mes5 can be chemogenetically activated to drive a suppression in food intake. Taken together, these findings highlight the Mes5 as a novel target of melanocortinergic control of food intake and body weight regulation, although elucidating the endogenous role of this circuit requires future study. While we observed the sufficiency of Mes5 MC4Rs for food intake and body weight suppression, these receptors do not appear to be necessary for food intake or body weight control. Collectively, the data presented here support the functional relevance of the NTS POMC to Mes5 projection pathway as a novel circuit that can be targeted to modulate food intake and body weight.

scholarly journals Thermogenesis challenges the adipostat hypothesis for body-weight control

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Cannon ◽  
Jan Nedergaard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Body Weight Control

According to the adipostat hypothesis for body-weight control, alterations in body weight should always be compensated by adequate alterations in food intake and thermogenesis. Thus, increased thermogenesis should not be able to counteract obesity because food intake would be increased. However evidence is presented here that thermogenesis in different forms (through artificial uncouplers, exercise, cold exposure) may counteract obesity and is not always fully compensated by increased food intake. Correspondingly, a decreased capacity for metaboloregulatory thermogenesis (i.e. non-functional brown adipose tissue) may in itself lead to obesity. This is evident in mice and may be valid for human subjects, as a substantial proportion of adults possess brown adipose tissue, and those with less or without brown adipose tissue would seem to be more prone to obesity. Thus, increased thermogenesis may counteract obesity, without dietary intervention.

Repeated light-dark shifts speed up body weight gain in male F344 rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (2) ◽  
pp. E212-E217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Ling Tsai ◽  
Yu-Che Tsai ◽  
Kai Hwang ◽  
Yu-Wen Huang ◽  
Jeh-En Tzeng
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
F344 Rats

This study is aimed at verifying the causal relationship of chronic circadian desynchronization and changes in body weight control. Eight male albino F344 rats aged between 12–15 wk were subjected to twice weekly 12-h shifts of the daily light-dark (LD) cycle for 13 wk (3 mo). Continuous circadian phase shifts consisting of intermittent phase delay and advance and reduced circadian amplitudes were consistently displayed in all five experimental rats implanted intraperitoneally with heart rate, body temperature, and activity transponders. The experimental rat maintained a greater body weight during LD shifts and even after 10 days of recovery than that of the age-matched control rat, which was maintained on a regular LD cycle. Body weight gain was greater in the first 2 mo of LD shifts in the experimental rat than in the control rat. Relative to the baseline, food intake and activity percentages were increased and reduced, respectively, for the experimental rats. Features of these results, such as increased body weight gain and food intake, and reduced activity, suggest a causal relationship of chronic circadian desynchronization and changes in body weight control in male albino F344 rats.

scholarly journals Minireview: From Anorexia to Obesity—The Yin and Yang of Body Weight Control

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 3749-3756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Zigman ◽  
Joel K. Elmquist
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Public Health Goal ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Control Body ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
Control Food Intake

Abstract Over the past decade, there has been a tremendous increase in the understanding of the molecular and neural mechanisms that control food intake and body weight. Yet eating disorders and cachexia are still common, and obesity cases are rising at alarming rates. Thus, despite recent progress, an increased understanding of the molecular and neural substrates that control body weight homeostasis is a major public health goal. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which metabolic signals interact with key behavioral, neuroendocrine, and autonomic regulatory regions of the central nervous system. Additionally, we offer a model in which hormones such as leptin and ghrelin interact with similar central nervous system circuits and engage them in such a way as to maintain an appropriate and tight regulation of body weight and food intake. Our model predicts that overstimulation or understimulation of these central pathways can result in obesity, anorexia, or cachexia.

Recent insights into body weight control: From physiology to pathology

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 571-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Krysiak ◽  
Bogus?aw Okopie? ◽  
Dariusz Belowski ◽  
Andrzej Madej ◽  
Zbigniew Stanis?aw Herman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Body Weight Control

scholarly journals Relationship between Prenatal or Postnatal Exposure to Pesticides and Obesity: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7170
Author(s):  
Helena Pinos ◽  
Beatriz Carrillo ◽  
Ana Merchán ◽  
Judit Biosca-Brull ◽  
Cristian Pérez-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults and children has dramatically increased. The conventional model regarding the onset of obesity is based on an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. However, other possible environmental factors involved, such as the exposure to chemicals like pesticides, cannot be discarded. These compounds could act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) that may interfere with hormone activity related to several mechanisms involved in body weight control. The main objective of this study was to systematically review the data provided in the scientific literature for a possible association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to pesticides and obesity in offspring. A total of 25 human and 9 animal studies were analyzed. The prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal exposure to organophosphate, organochlorine, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, and carbamate, as well as a combined pesticide exposure was reviewed. This systematic review reveals that the effects of pesticide exposure on body weight are mostly inconclusive, finding conflicting results in both humans and experimental animals. The outcomes reviewed are dependent on many factors, including dosage and route of administration, species, sex, and treatment duration. More research is needed to effectively evaluate the impact of the combined effects of different pesticides on human health.

Secretin as a satiation whisperer with the potential to turn into an obesity-curbing knight

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schnabl ◽  
Yongguo Li ◽  
Mueez U-Din ◽  
Martin Klingenspor
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract The obesity pandemic requires effective preventative and therapeutic intervention strategies. Successful and sustained obesity treatment is currently limited to bariatric surgery. Modulating the release of gut hormones is considered promising to mimic bariatric surgery with its beneficial effects on food intake, body weight and blood glucose levels. The gut peptide secretin was the first molecule to be termed a hormone; nevertheless, it only recently has been established as a legitimate anorexigenic peptide. In contrast to gut hormones that crosstalk with the brain either directly or by afferent neuronal projections, secretin mediates meal-associated brown fat thermogenesis to induce meal termination, thereby qualifying this physiological mechanism as an attractive, peripheral target for the treatment of obesity. In this perspective, it is of pivotal interest to deepen our yet superficial knowledge on the physiological roles of secretin as well as meal-associated thermogenesis in energy balance and body weight regulation. Of note, the emerging differences between meal-associated thermogenesis and cold-induced thermogenesis must be taken into account. In fact, there is no correlation between these two entities. In addition, the investigation of potential effects of secretin in hedonic-driven food intake, bariatric surgery as well as chronic treatment using suitable application strategies to overcome pharmacokinetic limitations will provide further insight into its potential to influence energy balance. The aim of this article is to review the facts on secretin’s metabolic effects, address prevailing gaps in our knowledge, and provide an overview on the opportunities and challenges of the therapeutic potential of secretin in body weight control.

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