scholarly journals Immunonutritional Bioactives from Chenopodium quinoa and Salvia hispanica L. Flour Positively Modulate Insulin Resistance and Preserve Alterations in Peripheral Myeloid Population

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Raquel Selma-Gracia ◽  
Polona Megušar ◽  
Claudia Monika Haros ◽  
José Moisés Laparra Llopis
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Altered Glucose ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L

Innate immunity plays a determinant role in high fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. This study compares the effects of immunonutritional bioactives from Chenopodium quinoa (WQ) or Salvia hispanica L. (Ch) when used to partially replace wheat flour (WB) into bread formulations. These flours were chosen to condition starch and lipid content in the products as well as because their immunonutritional activity. To be administered with different bread formulations, HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice were distributed in different groups: (i) wild type, (ii) displaying inherited disturbances in glucose homeostasis, and (iii) displaying dietary iron-mediated impairment of the innate immune TLR4/TRAM/TRIF pathway. We analyze the effects of the products on glycaemia and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), plasmatic triglycerides, intestinal and hepatic gene expression and variations of myeloid (MY), and lymphoid (LY) cells population in peripheral blood. Our results show that feeding animals with WQ and Ch formulations influenced the expression of lipogenic and coronary risk markers, thus attaining a better control of hepatic lipid accumulation. WQ and Ch products also improved glucose homeostasis compared to WB, normalizing the HOMA-IR in animals with an altered glucose and lipid metabolism. These positive effects were associated with positive variations in the peripheral myeloid cells population.

scholarly journals Potential Beneficial Effects of Chenopodium quinoa and Salvia hispanica L. in Glucose Homeostasis in Hyperglycemic Mice Model

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Raquel Selma-Gracia ◽  
Claudia Monika Haros ◽  
José Moisés Laparra
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L

Impaired glucose homeostasis is associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic alterations. In this study, a model in which mice treated with streptozotocin were fed a high-fat diet was used to mimic early stages of the onset of metabolic disorders, and different bread formulations were administrated to evaluate the effect of replacing wheat flour with Chenopodium quinoa (Q) (25%) and Salvia hispanica L. (Sh) (20%). Plasmatic glucose and insulin concentrations were quantified and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMAir) was calculated. Q and Sh showed a lower tendency to hyperglycemia compared to wheat bread (WB). Besides, these low glucose levels were accompanied by three-fold lower values of HOMAir respect to WB, suggesting an improved insulin sensitivity. Thus, inclusion of C. quinoa and S. hispanica into bread formulations could improve the control of glucose homeostasis, which could help to prevent/ameliorate metabolic glucose alterations.

Cardioprotective action of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) in ovariectomized rats fed a high fat diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3069-3082
Author(s):  
Marcella Duarte Villas Mishima ◽  
Luiz Carlos Maia Ladeira ◽  
Bárbara Pereira da Silva ◽  
Renata Celi Lopes Toledo ◽  
Thomás Valente de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Pump Activity ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Cardioprotective Action

The combination of ovariectomy with high fat diet consumption, in this study, affected biometric parameters, oxidative stress, mineral content and ATPase pump activity, while chia consumption had positive effects on these factors.

scholarly journals Ketohexokinase knockout mice, a model for essential fructosuria, exhibit altered fructose metabolism and are protected from diet-induced metabolic defects

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (3) ◽  
pp. E386-E393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corin O. Miller ◽  
Xiaodong Yang ◽  
Ku Lu ◽  
Jin Cao ◽  
Kithsiri Herath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Fructose Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Defects ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Altered Glucose

Fructose consumption in humans and animals has been linked to enhanced de novo lipogenesis, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Hereditary deficiency of ketohexokinase (KHK), the first enzymatic step in fructose metabolism, leads to essential fructosuria in humans, characterized by elevated levels of blood and urinary fructose following fructose ingestion but is otherwise clinically benign. To address whether KHK deficiency is associated with altered glucose and lipid metabolism, a Khk knockout (KO) mouse line was generated and characterized. NMR spectroscopic analysis of plasma following ingestion of [6-13C] fructose revealed striking differences in biomarkers of fructose metabolism. Significantly elevated urine and plasma 13C-fructose levels were observed in Khk KO vs. wild-type (WT) control mice, as was reduced conversion of 13C-fructose into plasma 13C-glucose and 13C-lactate. In addition, the observation of significant levels of fructose-6-phosphate in skeletal muscle tissue of Khk KO, but not WT, mice suggests a potential mechanism, whereby fructose is metabolized via muscle hexokinase in the absence of KHK. Khk KO mice on a standard chow diet displayed no metabolic abnormalities with respect to ambient glucose, glucose tolerance, body weight, food intake, and circulating trigylcerides, β-hydroxybutyrate, and lactate. When placed on a high-fat and high-fructose (HF/HFruc) diet, Khk KO mice had markedly reduced liver weight, triglyceride levels, and insulin levels. Together, these results suggest that Khk KO mice may serve as a good model for essential fructosuria in humans and that inhibition of KHK offers the potential to protect from diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance.

Salvia hispanica L. and its therapeutic role in a model of insulin resistance

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 315-323
Author(s):  
María del Rosario Ferreira ◽  
Silvina Alvarez ◽  
Paola Illesca ◽  
María Sofía Giménez ◽  
Yolanda B. Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Therapeutic Role ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L

scholarly journals Inclusion of Salvia hispanica L. and Chenopodium quinoa into bread formulations improves metabolic imbalances derived from a high-fat intake in hyperglycaemic mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 7994-8002
Author(s):  
Raquel Selma-Gracia ◽  
Claudia Monika Haros ◽  
José Moisés Laparra Llopis
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
High Energy Intake ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Nutrient Homeostasis

High-energy intake causes imbalances in nutrient homeostasis contributing to a high prevalence of metabolic chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Physical-chemical characterization of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.), and chia (Salvia hispanica L.) flours and seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Lucía Torres Vargas ◽  
Angela Janet García Salcedo ◽  
Hernando Ariza Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L

Las harinas de quinua, amaranto y la chía tienen proporciones considerables de proteína, almidón, fibra dietética, lípidos, minerales, vitaminas y componentes bioactivos, lo que les confiere propiedades excepcionales para la nutrición humana. El objetivo de esta investigación fue la caracterización fisicoquímica de las harinas y semillas de quinua, amaranto y chía mediante la realización de un análisis proximal, óptico, funcional, térmico y estructural. A partir de los resultados obtenidos en el análisis proximal, se determinaron proporciones considerables de proteína y fibra para las tres harinas, siendo mayor en harina de chía con valores de 28,56% y 39,8%, respectivamente. Estos resultados fueron corroborados por el análisis de microscopía óptica realizada a cortes longitudinales en las tres semillas. Los parámetros térmicos, indicaron que las tres harinas presentaron un proceso de degradación térmica no reversible y un cambio de transición vítrea para la harina de amaranto y chía a temperaturas superiores a 100ºC. La caracterización estructural de las harinas por FTIR, permitió identificar diferencias en las bandas de absorción características de proteínas y lípidos. Patrones de difracción de almidón tipo A, para las harinas de quínoa y amaranto fueron identificados, mientras que la harina de chía presentó dos picos cristalinos correspondientes a calcio y magnesio. Las imágenes SEM permitieron observar agregados de almidones en la harina de quínoa, una estructura compleja compuesta por proteínas esféricas que rodea los almidones en harina de amaranto y estructuras fibrosas y proteínas esféricas en harina de chía.

scholarly journals Dietary chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) rich in α-linolenic acid improves adiposity and normalises hypertriacylglycerolaemia and insulin resistance in dyslipaemic rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana G. Chicco ◽  
Maria E. D'Alessandro ◽  
Gustavo J. Hein ◽  
Maria E. Oliva ◽  
Yolanda B. Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Chia Seed ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L

The present study investigates the benefits of the dietary intake of chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) rich in α-linolenic acid and fibre upon dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance (IR), induced by intake of a sucrose-rich (62·5 %) diet (SRD). To achieve these goals two sets of experiments were designed: (i) to study the prevention of onset of dyslipidaemia and IR in Wistar rats fed during 3 weeks with a SRD in which chia seed was the dietary source of fat; (ii) to analyse the effectiveness of chia seed in improving or reversing the metabolic abnormalities described above. Rats were fed a SRD during 3 months; by the end of this period, stable dyslipidaemia and IR were present in the animals. From months 3–5, half the animals continued with the SRD and the other half were fed a SRD in which the source of fat was substituted by chia seed (SRD+chia). The control group received a diet in which sucrose was replaced by maize starch. The results showed that: (i) dietary chia seed prevented the onset of dyslipidaemia and IR in the rats fed the SRD for 3 weeks – glycaemia did not change; (ii) dyslipidaemia and IR in the long-term SRD-fed rats were normalised without changes in insulinaemia when chia seed provided the dietary fat during the last 2 months of the feeding period. Dietary chia seed reduced the visceral adiposity present in the SRD rats. The present study provides new data regarding the beneficial effect of chia seed upon lipid and glucose homeostasis in an experimental model of dislipidaemia and IR.

scholarly journals Obesity-induced Insulin Resistance and Hyperglycemia

2008 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A. Jeevendra Martyn ◽  
Masao Kaneki ◽  
Shingo Yasuhara ◽  
David S. Warner ◽  
Mark A. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Altered Glucose ◽  
Glucose Output

Obesity is a major cause of type 2 diabetes, clinically evidenced as hyperglycemia. The altered glucose homeostasis is caused by faulty signal transduction via the insulin signaling proteins, which results in decreased glucose uptake by the muscle, altered lipogenesis, and increased glucose output by the liver. The etiology of this derangement in insulin signaling is related to a chronic inflammatory state, leading to the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and release of high levels of nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen species, which together cause posttranslational modifications in the signaling proteins. There are substantial differences in the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in muscle versus liver. Hormones and cytokines from adipocytes can enhance or inhibit both glycemic sensing and insulin signaling. The role of the central nervous system in glucose homeostasis also has been established. Multipronged therapies aimed at rectifying obesity-induced anomalies in both central nervous system and peripheral tissues may prove to be beneficial.

scholarly journals PRESENCE OF SALVIA HISPANICA L. SEED FROM WEANING IS ABLE TO MITIGATE AND PREVENT THE ALTERED LIPID METABOLISM AND GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS IN ADULT Off SPRING (EXPOSED TO A NUTRITIONAL CHALLENGE FROM UTERO TO ADULTHOOD)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikunaj Bhardwaj ◽  
Priyavrit Chauhan ◽  
Divya Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L

Seed from Salvia hispanica L. or more commonly known as chia is a traditional food in central and southern America. Currently, it is widely consumed for various health benefits especially in maintaining healthy serum lipid level. Chia is a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids: omega-3 and omega-6, soluble dietary fiber. It also contains appreciable amount of proteins and phytochemicals. Nutritional value of chia is the reason why it is used in prophylaxis of several non-infectious diseases such as obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer and diabetes. The present work analyzes the effects of dietary chia seeds during postnatal life in offspring exposed to a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) from utero to adulthood. Chia was able to prevent the development of hypertension, liver steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Normal triacylglycerol secretion and triacylglycerol clearance were accompanied by an improvement of de novo hepatic lipogenic and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 enzymatic activities, associated with an accretion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total composition of liver homogenate. Glucose homeostasis and plasma free fatty acid levels were improved while visceral adiposity was slightly decreased. These results confirm that the incorporation of chia seed in the diet in postnatal life may provide a viable therapeutic option for preventing/mitigating adverse outcomes induced by an SRD from utero to adulthood.

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