scholarly journals Curcuma Longa, the “Golden Spice” to Counteract Neuroinflammaging and Cognitive Decline—What Have We Learned and What Needs to Be Done

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1519
Author(s):  
Alessandra Berry ◽  
Barbara Collacchi ◽  
Roberta Masella ◽  
Rosaria Varì ◽  
Francesca Cirulli
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Natural Compound ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
New Strategies

Due to the global increase in lifespan, the proportion of people showing cognitive impairment is expected to grow exponentially. As target-specific drugs capable of tackling dementia are lagging behind, the focus of preclinical and clinical research has recently shifted towards natural products. Curcumin, one of the best investigated botanical constituents in the biomedical literature, has been receiving increased interest due to its unique molecular structure, which targets inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. These pathways have been shown to be critical for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and more in general for cognitive decline. Despite the substantial preclinical literature on the potential biomedical effects of curcumin, its relatively low bioavailability, poor water solubility and rapid metabolism/excretion have hampered clinical trials, resulting in mixed and inconclusive findings. In this review, we highlight current knowledge on the potential effects of this natural compound on cognition. Furthermore, we focus on new strategies to overcome current limitations in its use and improve its efficacy, with attention also on gender-driven differences.

scholarly journals Human Monocytes Plasticity in Neurodegeneration

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Ilenia Savinetti ◽  
Angela Papagna ◽  
Maria Foti
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Surface Marker ◽  
First Line ◽  
Surface Marker Expression ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Attractive Therapeutic Target ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Monocytes play a crucial role in immunity and tissue homeostasis. They constitute the first line of defense during the inflammatory process, playing a role in the pathogenesis and progression of diseases, making them an attractive therapeutic target. They are heterogeneous in morphology and surface marker expression, which suggest different molecular and physiological properties. Recent evidences have demonstrated their ability to enter the brain, and, as a consequence, their hypothetical role in different neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge about the correlation between monocyte dysregulation in the brain and/or in the periphery and neurological diseases in humans. Here we will focus on the most common neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals Curcumin: Modern Applications for a Versatile Additive

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Florentina Monica Raduly ◽  
Valentin Raditoiu ◽  
Alina Raditoiu ◽  
Violeta Purcar
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Natural Compound ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Quality Of Food

The recent development of several methods for extracting curcumin from the root of the plant Curcuma longa has led to intensified research on the properties of curcumin and its fields of application. Following the studies and the accreditation of curcumin as a natural compound with antifungal, antiviral, and antibacterial properties, new fields of application have been developed in two main directions—food and medical, respectively. This review paper aims to synthesize the fields of application of curcumin as an additive for the prevention of spoilage, safety, and quality of food. Simultaneously, it aims to present curcumin as an additive in products for the prevention of bacterial infections and health care. In both cases, the types of curcumin formulations in the form of (nano)emulsions, (nano)particles, or (nano)composites are presented, depending on the field and conditions of exploitation or their properties to be used. The diversity of composite materials that can be designed, depending on the purpose of use, leaves open the field of research on the conditioning of curcumin. Various biomaterials active from the antibacterial and antibiofilm point of view can be intuited in which curcumin acts as an additive that potentiates the activities of other compounds or has a synergistic activity with them.

scholarly journals Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghada A. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time

Observational studies have shown that dietary fiber intake is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary fiber is a non-digestible form of carbohydrates, due to the lack of the digestive enzyme in humans required to digest fiber. Dietary fibers and lignin are intrinsic to plants and are classified according to their water solubility properties as either soluble or insoluble fibers. Water-soluble fibers include pectin, gums, mucilage, fructans, and some resistant starches. They are present in some fruits, vegetables, oats, and barley. Soluble fibers have been shown to lower blood cholesterol by several mechanisms. On the other hand, water-insoluble fibers mainly include lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose; whole-grain foods, bran, nuts, and seeds are rich in these fibers. Water-insoluble fibers have rapid gastric emptying, and as such may decrease the intestinal transit time and increase fecal bulk, thus promoting digestive regularity. In addition to dietary fiber, isolated and extracted fibers are known as functional fiber and have been shown to induce beneficial health effects when added to food during processing. The recommended daily allowances (RDAs) for total fiber intake for men and women aged 19–50 are 38 gram/day and 25 gram/day, respectively. It is worth noting that the RDA recommendations are for healthy people and do not apply to individuals with some chronic diseases. Studies have shown that most Americans do not consume the recommended intake of fiber. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding dietary fiber, sources of food containing fiber, atherosclerosis, and heart disease risk reduction.

scholarly journals Amphiphilic Nanocarrier Systems for Curcumin Delivery in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Medicines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miora Rakotoarisoa ◽  
Angelina Angelova
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Drug Solubility ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Neurodegenerative diseases have become a major challenge for public health because of their incurable status. Soft nanotechnology provides potential for slowing down the progression of neurodegenerative disorders by using innovative formulations of neuroprotective antioxidants like curcumin, resveratrol, vitamin E, rosmarinic acid, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, coenzyme Q10, and fish oil. Curcumin is a natural, liposoluble compound, which is of considerable interest for nanomedicine development in combination therapies. The neuroprotective effects of combination treatments can involve restorative mechanisms against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and protein aggregation. Despite the anti-amyloid and anti-tau potential of curcumin and its neurogenesis-stimulating properties, the utilization of this antioxidant as a drug in neuroregenerative therapies has huge limitations due to its poor water solubility, physico-chemical instability, and low oral bioavailability. We highlight the developments of soft lipid- and polymer-based delivery carriers of curcumin, which help improve the drug solubility and stability. We specifically focus on amphiphilic liquid crystalline nanocarriers (cubosome, hexosome, spongosome, and liposome particles) for the encapsulation of curcumin with the purpose of halting the progressive neuronal loss in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Molecular signatures of bovine embryo developmental competence

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hoelker ◽  
E. Held ◽  
D. Salilew-Wondim ◽  
K. Schellander ◽  
D. Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Molecular Signatures ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Developmental Capacity ◽  
New Strategies

Assessment of the developmental capacity of early bovine embryos is still an obstacle. Therefore, the present paper reviews all current knowledge with respect to morphological criteria and environmental factors that affect embryo quality. The molecular signature of an oocyte or embryo is considered to reflect its quality and to predict its subsequent developmental capacity. Therefore, the primary aim of the present review is to provide an overview of reported correlations between molecular signatures and developmental competence. A secondary aim of this paper is to present some new strategies to enable concomitant evaluation of the molecular signatures of specific embryos and individual developmental capacity.

Don’t help them to bury the light. The interplay between intersystem crossing and hydrogen transfer in photoexcited curcumin revealed by state-hopping dynamics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Losantos ◽  
Andreea Pasc ◽  
Antonio Monari
Keyword(s):  
Natural Compound ◽  
Hydrogen Transfer ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Intersystem Crossing ◽  
Intense Absorption

Curcumin is a natural compound extracted from turmeric (curcuma longa), which has shown remarkable antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and possibly anticancert properties. The intense absorption in the visible domain, and the possibility...

Identification of Sequence Variants of Genes from Biomedical Literature

2010 ◽  
pp. 289-300
Author(s):  
Laura I. Furlong ◽  
Ferran Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Entity Recognition ◽  
Literature Mining ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Biomedical Texts ◽  
Dbsnp Database ◽  
Automatic Systems

SNPs constitute key elements in genetic epidemiology and pharmacogenomics. While data about genetic variation is found at sequence databases, functional and phenotypic information on consequences of the variations resides in literature. Literature mining is mainly hampered by the terminology problem. Thus, automatic systems for the identification of citations of allelic variants of genes in biomedical texts are required. We have reported the development of OSIRIS, aimed at retrieving literature about allelic variants of genes, a system that evolved towards a new version incorporating a new entity recognition module. The new version is based on a terminology of variations and a pattern-based search algorithm for the identification of variation terms and their disambiguation to dbSNP identifiers. OSIRISv1.2 can be used to link literature references to dbSNP database entries with high accuracy, and is suitable for collecting current knowledge on gene sequence variations for supporting the functional annotation of variation databases.

Nutrition and Nutraceuticals in Neuroinflammatory and Brain Metabolic Stress: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 680-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Pandareesh ◽  
Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu ◽  
Sakina Razack ◽  
Narayanappa Amruta ◽  
Ramesh Choudhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Effective Manner

Background and Objective: A steep rise in the incidences of neurodegenerative disorders could be the combined effect of several non-genetic factors such as increased life expectancy, environmental pollutants, lifestyle, and dietary habits, as population-level genetic change require multiple generations. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic over-nutrition induces brain metabolic stress and neuroinflammation, and are individually known to promote neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease (HD). Although the association of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis with the dietary habits is well known, neuronal implications of diet and nutritional factors is still in its infancy. Transcriptomics and proteomics-based studies support the view that nutraceuticals target multiple neuroprotective pathways in a slow but effective manner without causing severe adverse effects, and may represent the future of tackling neurodegenerative disorders. Conclusion: In this article we i) review the diet/dietary supplement connection with brain metabolic stress and neuroinflammation and ii) summarize current knowledge of the effects of nutraceuticals on neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Binding of Rosmarinic Acid with Human Transferrin and Its Impact on the Protein Structure: Targeting Polyphenolic Acid-Induced Protection of Neurodegenerative Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Anas Shamsi ◽  
Saleha Anwar ◽  
Mohd Shahbaaz ◽  
Taj Mohammad ◽  
Mohamed F. Alajmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Natural Compound ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Titration Calorimetry ◽  
Static Mode ◽  
Human Transferrin ◽  
Wide Range

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural compound that is gaining wide popularity owing to its broad-spectrum biological activities. RA is known for its wide range of medicinal properties and therapeutic applications in a vast range of neurodegenerative disorders thus making it a vital natural compound. Human transferrin (hTf) is a clinically significant protein that plays a pivotal role in maintaining iron homeostasis. The importance of studies pertaining to hTf is attributable to the pivotal role of iron deposition in CNS in neurodegenerative disorders. The study was intended to have an insight into the interaction between RA and hTf employing multispectroscopic approach, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation studies. Fluorescence quenching studies revealed that RA shows an excellent binding affinity to hTf with a binding constant ( K ) of 107 M-1 and is guided by static mode of quenching. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) further validated the spontaneous nature of binding. The estimation of enthalpy change (∆H) and entropy change (∆S) suggested that the RA-hTf complex formation is driven by hydrogen bonding, thereby making this process seemingly specific. Further, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectra suggested that RA induces conformational and structural changes in hTf. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) studies were carried out to investigate the stability of the hTf and hTf–RA system and suggested that binding of RA induces structural alteration in hTf with free hTf being more stable. This study provides a rationale to use RA in drug development against neurodegenerative disorders by designing novel functional foods containing RA.

scholarly journals CBMT-48. TARGETING METABOLIC REPROGRAMMING WITH NANOCURCUMIN IN GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi43-vi43
Author(s):  
Hamid Suhail ◽  
Rattan Ramandeep ◽  
Giri Shailendra ◽  
Ana deCarvalho ◽  
Steven Kalkanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
Ampk Activity

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly glycolytic aggressive brain tumor characterized by increased proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. AMPK has been reported as tumor suppressor and reprograms the cellular metabolic pathways and produces a metabolic checkpoint on the cell cycle though mTORC1, p53 and other modulators involved in cell proliferation, growth, survival and autophagy. The AMPK activity is diminished in gastric, breast and ovarian tumor cells by activated PI3K-AKT pathways. Cancer cells are able to reprogram their energy metabolism to compensate their high bioenergetic demands needed for their aggressive growth and survival. Curcumin exhibits pleiotropic properties and activate MAPK and leads to suppress p53, Wnt/β-catenin, SHH and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Curcumin or diferuloylmethane is a yellow polyphenol extracted from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa). The absorption, biodistribution, metabolism, and elimination studies of curcumin have, unfortunately, shown only poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and elimination of curcumin as major reasons for poor bioavailability of this interesting polyphenolic compound. We have engineered a curcumin-based nanoparticle (Curc-NP) which demonstrates high water solubility. Curc-NP was effectively transported into the cells by nanoparticles through endocytosis and localized around the nuclei in the cytoplasms. In vitro studies proved that the cytotoxicity of Curc-NP is more effective against U-251 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Systemic delivery of Curc-NP led to preferentially accumulation in an orthotopic preclinical glioma model minimizing systemic toxic effect. Multicolor microscopy images of the tumor tissue showed that Curc-NP particles were internalized inside tumor cells selectively and localized within nuclei. Curc-NP demonstrated to restore the dysregulated AMPK activity in glioma cells. Curc-NP-induced AMPK activation resulted in inhibition of oncogenic signalling pathways in glioma. Curc-NP-induced metabolic reprograming in glioma cells will be examined and the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of Curc-NP in an experimental rat model of GBM will also be evaluated.

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