scholarly journals Ileal Lactase Expression Associates with Lactase Persistence Genotypes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1340
Author(s):  
Jan Krzysztof Nowak ◽  
Emilia Dybska ◽  
Marzena Dworacka ◽  
Natallia Tsikhan ◽  
Victoria Kononets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Mucosal Biopsy ◽  
Geographical Variability ◽  
Monocytes And Macrophages ◽  
Major Allele ◽  
The Relationship

(1) Background: Lactose digestion depends on persistence genotypes (including rs4988235), the frequency of which exhibits broad geographical variability. However, little is known about the relationship between lactase (LCT) genotypes and intestinal expression of LCT. We aimed to investigate ileal expression of LCT depending on main genetic polymorphisms (rs4988235, rs3754689, rs3739022), age, sex, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), and the expression of other genes; (2) Methods: phenotype, array-based genotype, and ileal mucosal biopsy expression data were obtained from the CEDAR study; (3) Results: analyses included 196 healthy Europeans (53.6% women) aged 53.0 ± 13.6 years with a mean BMI of 25.6 ± 4.2 kg/m2, of whom 17.4% were smoking. Ileal LCT expression was mostly independent of age, sex, BMI, or smoking. Rs4988235 homozygous minor allele (GG) associated with lower LCT expression (vs. AG p = 2.2 × 10−6, vs. AA p = 1.1 × 10−7). Homozygous major allele of rs3754689 (GG) was related to higher LCT expression (vs. AG p = 1.7 × 10−5, vs. AA p = 0.0074). Rs3754689 genotype did not modify LCT expression (GG vs. AG p = 0.051) in rs4988235-heterozygous subgroup. Interestingly, CD14, which is a marker of monocytes and macrophages, was the strongest negative transcriptomic correlate of LCT expression (r = −0.57, pFDR = 1.1 × 10−14); (4) Conclusions: both rs4988235 and rs3754689 associated with ileal LCT expression, which did not seem related to age, sex, smoking, or BMI. The inverse correlation between LCT and CD14 expression in the ileum is striking and requires further investigation.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Mass Index, Obesity, and LINE-1 Methylation: A Cross-Sectional Study on Women from Southern Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Martina Barchitta ◽  
Roberta Magnano San Lio ◽  
Giuliana Favara ◽  
Claudia La Mastra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Methylation Level ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Uncovering the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and DNA methylation could be useful to understand molecular mechanisms underpinning the effects of obesity. Here, we presented a cross-sectional study, aiming to evaluate the association of BMI and obesity with long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1) methylation, among 488 women from Catania, Italy. LINE-1 methylation was assessed in leukocyte DNA by pyrosequencing. We found a negative association between BMI and LINE-1 methylation level in both the unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models. Accordingly, obese women exhibited lower LINE-1 methylation level than their normal weight counterpart. This association was confirmed after adjusting for the effect of age, educational level, employment status, marital status, parity, menopause, and smoking status. Our findings were in line with previous evidence and encouraged further research to investigate the potential role of DNA methylation markers in the management of obesity.

scholarly journals Matrix Gla Protein Polymorphism, But Not Concentrations, Is Associated with Radiographic Hand Osteoarthritis

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1960-1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEVYANI MISRA ◽  
SARAH L. BOOTH ◽  
MICHEAL D. CROSIER ◽  
JOSE M. ORDOVAS ◽  
DAVID T. FELSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Matrix Gla Protein ◽  
Hand Osteoarthritis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Major Allele ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hand Radiographs

Objective.Factors associated with mineralization and osteophyte formation in osteoarthritis (OA) are incompletely understood. Genetic polymorphisms of matrix Gla protein (MGP), a mineralization inhibitor, have been associated clinically with conditions of abnormal calcification. We therefore evaluated the relationship of MGP concentrations and polymorphisms at the MGP locus to hand OA.Methods.Ours was an ancillary study to a 3-year randomized trial assessing the effect of vitamin K supplementation on vascular calcification and bone loss among community-dwelling elders. We studied participants who had serum MGP concentration measured and DNA genotyped for 3 MGP genetic polymorphisms (rs1800802, rs1800801, and rs4236), and who had hand radiographs. We evaluated the cross-sectional associations of serum MGP and the 3 MGP genetic polymorphisms, respectively, with radiographic hand OA using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations, adjusting for potential confounders.Results.Radiographic hand OA in ≥ 1 joint was present in 71% of the 376 participants (mean age 74 years, mean body mass index 28 kg/m2, 59% women). No significant association between serum MGP concentrations and radiographic hand OA was found [adjusted OR 1.0 (ref), 1.40, 1.21, and 1.21 for quartiles 1–4, respectively]. Homozygosity of the rs1800802 minor allele was associated with 0.56 times lower prevalence of hand OA compared with having ≥ 1 major allele at this locus (95% CI 0.32–0.99, p = 0.046).Conclusion.There may be an association between hand OA and genetic polymorphism at the MGP locus that is not reflected by total MGP serum concentrations. Further studies are warranted to replicate and elucidate potential mechanisms underlying these observed associations.

scholarly journals Association Between Self-Reported Chewing Status and Glycemic Control in Japanese Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komei Iwai ◽  
Tetsuji Azuma ◽  
Takatoshi Yonenaga ◽  
Daisuke Ekuni ◽  
Kazutoshi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between self-reported chewing status and glycemic control in 32,137 Japanese adults who participated in health checkups. Chewing status was evaluated using a self-reported questionnaire. We defined poor glycemic control as a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level ≥6.5% or the use of medication to control diabetes; 1,891 (5.9%) respondents met these criteria. After adjusting for gender, age, smoking status, exercise habits, body mass index, and eating speed, poor glycemic control was found to be positively associated with male gender (odds ratio [OR], 2.142; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.903 to 2.411; p < 0.001), older age (OR, 1.093; 95% CI, 1.087 to 1.099; p < 0.001), higher body mass index (OR, 1.234; 95% CI, 1.219 to 1.249; p < 0.001), current smoker status (OR, 1.378; 95% CI, 1.223 to 1.552; p < 0.001), and ability to chew well (OR, 0.795; 95% CI, 0.699 to 0.904; p < 0.001). Furthermore, a negative association was found between the ability to chew well and poor glycemic control in those ≥40 years of age, but not in those between 20 and 39 years of age. In conclusion, self-reported ability to chew well was associated with poor glycemic control in Japanese adults aged ≥40 years.

Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goya Wannamethee ◽  
A Gerald Shaper
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

Relationship between Leptin Concentration in Cord Blood and Foetal Growth and Maternal Anthropometry of GDM Mothers at Delivery

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
S Jahan ◽  
TR Das ◽  
KB Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Aims: Cord blood leptin may reflect the leptinemic status of a newborn at birth more accurately than the leptin values of blood collected from other sites. The present study was undertaken to determine the relationship of cord serum leptin concentration at birth with neonatal and maternal anthropometric parameters. Materials and Methods: Blood was taken from the umbilical cord of the babies at delivery. Maternal anthropometric measurements were recorded at admission for delivery. Neonatal anthropometric measurements were recorded within 48 hours after delivery. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between cord serum leptin concentration and anthropometric parameters of the baby and the mother. Both Serum leptin and serum C-peptide levels were measured by chemiluminescence-based ELISA method. Results: The leptin concentration (ng/ml, mean±SD) in cord blood was 39.13±14.44. Cord leptin levels correlated with birth weight (r=0.673, p<0.0001), ponderal index (r=0.732, p<0.0001) but it did not correlate with maternal body mass index, gestational age (r=0.135, p=0.349) at delivery or cord serum C-peptide concentration (r=-0.049, p=0.735) or placental weight (r=0.203, p=0.157). Conclusion: There are associations between cord leptin concentration at delivery and birth weight, ponderal index (PI) of the babies but not body mass index (BMI) of the mothers. High leptin levels of the baby could represent an important feedback modulator of substrate supply and subsequently for adipose tissue status during late gestation. (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 9-13)

scholarly journals Combination of sleep duration, TV time and body mass index is associated with cardiometabolic risk moderated by age in youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. Sehn ◽  
Anelise R. Gaya ◽  
Caroline Brand ◽  
Arieli F. Dias ◽  
Roya Kelishadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Television Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

AbstractObjectivesThe combination of sleep duration, television (TV) time and body mass index (BMI) may be related to the alteration of cardiometabolic risk. However, there are few studies that use these variables grouped, and showing the moderating role of age. This study aimed to verify if the combination of sleep duration, TV time and BMI is associated with cardiometabolic risk and the moderating role of age in this relationship in youth.MethodsCross-sectional study conducted with 1411 adolescents (611 male), aged 10–17 years. Sleep duration, TV time and BMI were assessed and grouped into eight categories. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed by a continuous metabolic risk score, including the following variables: low HDL-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, dysglycemia, high systolic blood pressure, high waist circumference and low cardiorespiratory fitness. Generalized linear models were used to test moderation of age in the relationship between the eight categories of sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk.ResultsCardiometabolic risk factor showed association with all overweight or obesity independent of sleep time and TV time. Age moderated the relationship between sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk. This association was stronger in younger adolescents (11 and 13 years), indicating that individuals with inadequate sleep, prolonged TV time and overweight/obesity present higher cardiometabolic risk values when compared to 15-year-old adolescents.ConclusionOverweight/obesity, independently of sleep duration and TV time, is the main risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders in adolescence. When moderated by age, younger adolescents that presented the combination of risk factors had higher cardiometabolic risk.

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