scholarly journals Breakfast and Exercise Improve Academic and Cognitive Performance in Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1278
Author(s):  
Masato Kawabata ◽  
Kerry Lee ◽  
Hui-Cheng Choo ◽  
Stephen F. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Mathematical Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Word Task ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mathematics Score

This study examined the combined effects of breakfast and exercise on short-term academic and cognitive performance in adolescents. Eighty-two adolescents (64 female), aged 14–19 years, were randomized to four groups over a 4-hour morning: (i) a group who fasted and were sedentary (F-S); (ii) a group who ate breakfast but were sedentary (B-S); (iii) a group who fasted but completed a 30-min exercise bout (F-E); and (iv) a group who ate breakfast and completed a 30-min exercise bout (B-E). Individuals completed academic and cognitive tests over the morning. Adolescents in B-E significantly improved their mathematics score (B-E: 15.2% improvement on correct answers, vs. F-S: 6.7% improvement on correct answers; p = 0.014) and computation time for correct answers (B-E: 16.7% improvement, vs. F-S: 7.4% improvement; p = 0.004) over the morning compared with the F-S group. The B-E group had faster reaction times for congruent, incongruent and control trials of the Stroop Color-Word Task compared with F-S mid-morning (all p < 0.05). Morning breakfast and exercise combine to improve short-term mathematical task performance and speed in adolescents.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of Yoga on Executive Function

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Gothe ◽  
Matthew B. Pontifex ◽  
Charles Hillman ◽  
Edward McAuley
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Despite an increase in the prevalence of yoga exercise, research focusing on the relationship between yoga exercise and cognition is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an acute yoga exercise session, relative to aerobic exercise, on cognitive performance.Methods:A repeated measures design was employed where 30 female college-aged participants (Mean age = 20.07, SD = 1.95) completed 3 counterbalanced testing sessions: a yoga exercise session, an aerobic exercise session, and a baseline assessment. The flanker and n-back tasks were used to measure cognitive performance.Results:Results showed that cognitive performance after the yoga exercise bout was significantly superior (ie, shorter reaction times, increased accuracy) as compared with the aerobic and baseline conditions for both inhibition and working memory tasks. The aerobic and baseline performance was not significantly different, contradicting some of the previous findings in the acute aerobic exercise and cognition literature.Conclusion:These findings are discussed relative to the need to explore the effects of other nontraditional modes of exercise such as yoga on cognition and the importance of time elapsed between the cessation of the exercise bout and the initiation of cognitive assessments in improving task performance.

Effectiveness of yogic visual concentration (Trataka) on cognitive performance and anxiety among adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ida Sherlee ◽  
Anita David
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Group Control Group ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackgroundCognition is the mental process of acquiring knowledge, understanding senses and synchronizing all the electrical activity that is constantly received and generated through the eye. Purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of yogic visual concentration (Trataka) on cognitive performance and anxiety among adolescents studying in selected schools at Chennai.MethodologyThis study was designed to assess cognitive performance and anxiety among students using quantitative approach. True Experimental study design was used for this study. Pretest assessment of cognitive performance and anxiety was done by standardized tools (Stroop color word test, Hamilton anxiety scale) for Experimental and Control groups. Intervention of yogic visual concentration (Trataka) was experimented in one group. Control group were kept on routine activities. Post test assessment of cognitive performance and anxiety by standardized tools was performed on experimental and control groups. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The 0.05 level of significance was used.ResultsA significant difference in the mean difference of color word score, color score, word score and inference score between the study and control groups at the level of p<0.0001 was observed. Results indicate an association in the cognitive performance (word) with background variables such as, gender, father’s occupation in the study group during the post test and no association in the control group. There were no associations between anxiety cognitive performance (color and word) and demographic variables in both groups.ConclusionThe study concluded that there is a greater effect on Yogic visual concentration (Trataka) on cognitive performance and anxiety among adolescent students, therefore the study proved the hypothesis.

Effect of Preexercise Soup Ingestion on Water Intake and Fluid Balance During Exercise in the Heat

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil M. Johannsen ◽  
Zebblin M. Sullivan ◽  
Nicole R. Warnke ◽  
Ann L. Smiley-Oyen ◽  
Douglas S. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Word Task ◽  
Ad Libitum

Purpose:To determine whether chicken noodle soup before exercise increases ad libitum water intake, fluid balance, and physical and cognitive performance compared with water.Methods:Nine trained men (age 25 ± 3 yr, VO2peak 54.2 ± 5.1 ml · kg−1 · min−1; M ± SD) performed cycle exercise in the heat (wet bulb globe temperature = 25.9 ± 0.4 °C) for 90 min at 50% VO2peak, 45 min after ingesting 355 ml of either commercially available bottled water (WATER) or chicken noodle soup (SOUP). The same bottled water was allowed ad libitum throughout both trials. Participants then completed a time trial to finish a given amount of work (10 min at 90% VO2peak; n = 8). Cognitive performance was evaluated by the Stroop color–word task before, every 30 min during, and immediately after the time trial.Results:Ad libitum water intake throughout steady-state exercise was greater in SOUP than with WATER (1,435 ± 593 vs. 1,163 ± 427 g, respectively; p < .03). Total urine volume was similar in both trials (p = .13), resulting in a trend for greater water retention in SOUP than in WATER (87.7% ± 7.6% vs. 74.9% ± 21.7%, respectively; p = .09), possibly due to a change in free water clearance (–0.32 ± 1.22 vs. 0.51 ± 1.06 ml/min, respectively; p = .07). Fluid balance tended to be improved with SOUP (–106 ± 603 vs. –478 ± 594 g, p = .05). Likewise, change in plasma volume tended to be reduced in SOUP compared with WATER (p = .06). Only mild dehydration was achieved (<1%), and physical performance was not different between treatments (p = .77). The number of errors in the Stroop color–word task was lower in SOUP throughout the entire trial (treatment effect; p = .04).Conclusion:SOUP before exercise increased ad libitum water intake and may alter kidney function.

The Relation Between Aerobic Fitness and Cognitive Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hao Wang ◽  
Chun-Ming Shih ◽  
Chia-Liang Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Attention Performance ◽  
P3 Amplitude ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This study aimed to assess whether brain potentials have significant influences on the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognition. Behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) data was collected from 48 young adults when performing a Posner task. Higher aerobic fitness is related to faster reaction times (RTs) along with greater P3 amplitude and shorter P3 latency in the valid trials, after controlling for age and body mass index. Moreover, RTs were selectively related to P3 amplitude rather than P3 latency. Specifically, the bootstrap-based mediation model indicates that P3 amplitude mediates the relationship between fitness level and attention performance. Possible explanations regarding the relationships among aerobic fitness, cognitive performance, and brain potentials are discussed.

Do the processing speed index and working memory index of the WAIS-IV predict performance on the Stroop Color-Word task?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Yassin ◽  
Kayla Spengler ◽  
Jared S. Link ◽  
Corrine Babika ◽  
Victoria Sterk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Processing Speed Index ◽  
Word Task

scholarly journals Higher Handgrip Strength Is Linked to Better Cognitive Performance in Chinese Adults with Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Shenghua Lu ◽  
Fabian Herold ◽  
Yanjie Zhang ◽  
Yuruo Lei ◽  
Arthur F. Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: There is growing evidence that in adults, higher levels of handgrip strength (HGS) are linked to better cognitive performance. However, the relationship between HGS and cognitive performance has not been sufficiently investigated in special cohorts, such as individuals with hypertension who have an intrinsically higher risk of cognitive decline. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between HGS and cognitive performance in adults with hypertension using data from the Global Ageing and Adult Health Survey (SAGE). Methods: A total of 4486 Chinese adults with hypertension from the SAGE were included in this study. Absolute handgrip strength (aHGS in kilograms) was measured using a handheld electronic dynamometer, and cognitive performance was assessed in the domains of short-term memory, delayed memory, and language ability. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to examine the association between relative handgrip strength (rHGS; aHGS divided by body mass index) and measures of cognitive performance. Results: Overall, higher levels of rHGS were associated with higher scores in short-term memory (β = 0.20) and language (β = 0.63) compared with the lowest tertiles of rHGS. In male participants, higher HGS was associated with higher scores in short-term memory (β = 0.31), language (β = 0.64), and delayed memory (β = 0.22). There were no associations between rHGS and cognitive performance measures in females. Conclusion: We observed that a higher level of rHGS was associated with better cognitive performance among hypertensive male individuals. Further studies are needed to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms, including sex-specific differences driving the relationship between measures of HGS and cognitive performance in individuals with hypertension.

scholarly journals Correlating cognition and cortical excitability with pain in fibromyalgia: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Srishti Nanda ◽  
Suvercha Arya ◽  
Uma Kumar ◽  
Ratna Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Corticomotor Excitability ◽  
Word Task ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal symptoms, primarily attributed to sensitization of somatosensory system carrying pain. Few reports have investigated the impact of fibromyalgia symptoms on cognition, corticomotor excitability, sleepiness, and the sleep quality — all of which can deteriorate the quality of life in fibromyalgia. However, the existing reports are underpowered and have conflicting directions of findings, limiting their generalizability. Therefore, the present study was designed to compare measures of cognition, corticomotor excitability, sleepiness, and sleep quality using standardized instruments in the recruited patients of fibromyalgia with pain-free controls. Methods Diagnosed cases of fibromyalgia were recruited from the Rheumatology department for the cross-sectional, case-control study. Cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination, Stroop color-word task), corticomotor excitability (Resting motor threshold, Motor evoked potential amplitude), daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) were studied according to the standard procedure. Results Thirty-four patients of fibromyalgia and 30 pain-free controls were recruited for the study. Patients of fibromyalgia showed decreased cognitive scores (p = 0.05), lowered accuracy in Stroop color-word task (for color: 0.02, for word: 0.01), and prolonged reaction time (< 0.01, < 0.01). Excessive daytime sleepiness in patients were found (< 0.01) and worsened sleep quality (< 0.01) were found. Parameters of corticomotor excitability were comparable between patients of fibromyalgia and pain-free controls. Conclusions Patients of fibromyalgia made more errors, had significantly increased reaction time for cognitive tasks, marked daytime sleepiness, and impaired quality of sleep. Future treatment strategies may include cognitive deficits and sleep disturbances as an integral part of fibromyalgia management.

scholarly journals Bioimpedance Guided Fluid Management in Peritoneal Dialysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Tian ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Qunying Guo ◽  
Qian Zhou ◽  
Chunyan Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Technique Survival ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Clinical Methods ◽  
And Control

Background and objectivesBioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices can help assess volume overload in patients receiving maintenance peritoneal dialysis. However, the effects of BIA on the short-term hard end points of peritoneal dialysis lack consistency. This study aimed to test whether BIA-guided fluid management could improve short-term outcomes in patients on peritoneal dialysis.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsA single-center, open-labeled, randomized, controlled trial was conducted. Patients on prevalent peritoneal dialysis with volume overload were recruited from July 1, 2013 to March 30, 2014 and followed for 1 year in the initial protocol. All participants with volume overload were 1:1 randomized to the BIA-guided arm (BIA and traditional clinical methods) and control arm (only traditional clinical methods). The primary end point was all-cause mortality and secondary end points were cardiovascular disease mortality and technique survival.ResultsA total of 240 patients (mean age, 49 years; men, 51%; diabetic, 21%, 120 per group) were enrolled. After 1-year follow-up, 11(5%) patients died (three in BIA versus eight in control) and 21 patients were permanently transferred to hemodialysis (eight in BIA versus 13 in control). The rate of extracellular water/total body water decline in the BIA group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The 1-year patient survival rates were 96% and 92% in BIA and control groups, respectively. No significant statistical differences were found between patients randomized to the BIA-guided or control arm in terms of patient survival, cardiovascular disease mortality, and technique survival (P>0.05).ConclusionsAlthough BIA-guided fluid management improved the fluid overload status better than the traditional clinical method, no significant effect was found on 1-year patient survival and technique survival in patients on peritoneal dialysis.

scholarly journals Are you Watching Me? Interacting Effects of Fear of Negative Evaluation and Social Context on Cognitive Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin L. Maresh ◽  
Bethany A. Teachman ◽  
James A. Coan
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Fear Of Negative Evaluation ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Improved Accuracy

Socially anxious individuals exhibit cognitive performance impairments; it is unclear whether this is due to trait differences in abilities or effects of the experimental context. This study sought to determine how social context, individual differences in fear of negative evaluation (FNE), and task difficulty interact to influence working memory performance as indicated by effectiveness (accuracy) and efficiency (reaction times). Participants (N = 61) performed the n-back task at 2-back and 3-back difficulty levels under three conditions: alone (“Anonymous”), in presence of a non-evaluative experimenter (“Presence”), and under explicit performance evaluation by the experimenter (“Threat”). Overall, participants showed improved accuracy during Threat, but only on 2-back trials. FNE was positively associated with longer reaction times during Threat on 3-back trials. FNE did not relate to accuracy, suggesting that threat-related impairments tied to social anxiety may alter efficiency rather than effectiveness. Thus, social anxiety may elicit cognitive performance impairments even in minimally evaluative environments.

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