scholarly journals Rat Milk and Plasma Immunological Profile throughout Lactation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1257
Author(s):  
Blanca Grases-Pintó ◽  
Mar Abril-Gil ◽  
Paulina Torres-Castro ◽  
Margarida Castell ◽  
María J. Rodríguez-Lagunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Tgf Β1

The composition of bioactive factors with immune activity in human breast milk is widely studied. However, the knowledge on rat milk immune factors during the whole lactation period is still scarce. This study aimed to analyze rat breast milk’s immunoglobulin (Ig) content and some critical adipokines and growth factors throughout the lactation period, and to assess relationships with corresponding plasma levels. During lactation, milk concentration of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 and -β3 showed a punctual increase in the first week, whereas adiponectin and leptin remained stable. In the second period of lactation (d14–21), despite the increase in the milk epidermal growth factor (EGF), a decrease in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was detected at day 21. Milk IgA concentration had a progressive increase during lactation, while no significant changes were found in IgM and IgG. Regarding plasma levels, a decrease in all studied adipokines was observed in the second period of lactation, with the exception of IgA and TGF-β1, which reached their highest values at the end of the study. A positive correlation in IgM, IgG, and adipokine concentration was detected between milk and plasma compartments. In summary, the changes in the pattern of these bioactive compounds in rat milk and plasma and their relationships during lactation are established.

scholarly journals Elevated plasma levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and TGF-β2 in patients with disseminated malignant melanoma

1998 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1492-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Krasagakis ◽  
D Thölke ◽  
B Farthmann ◽  
J Eberle ◽  
U Mansmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Tgf Β1

The proliferative responses of porcine thyroid follicular cells to epidermal growth factor and thyrotrophin reflect the autocrine production of transforming growth factor-β1

1996 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Cowin ◽  
E L Heaton ◽  
S H Cheshire ◽  
S P Bidey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Thyroid Follicular Cells ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Tgf Β1

Abstract The present study has investigated an involvement of autocrine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in regulating the proliferative response of porcine thyroid follicular cells (TFCs) to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and TSH. Primary monolayer TFC cultures exposed to EGF over the range 0–0·4 nmol/l showed a dose-dependent increase in [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation, whereas higher EGF doses were associated with a reduction in the level of [methyl-3 H]thymidine incorporation. TGF-β immunoneutralisation had little effect on the stimulatory action of low EGF doses, but led to an increase in [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation at higher EGF levels. In TFC cultures exposed to TSH, the level of [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation attained at a dose of 1 U TSH/1 was enhanced in the presence of TGF-β1 antiserum, although the similar stimulatory effect of 8-bromo cAMP was unaffected. Treatment of TFCs with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (8 nmol/l) to activate protein kinase C (PKC) led to an enhanced incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine which was increased further after neutralisation of endogenous TGF-β1. While confirming, therefore, a role for autocrine TGF-β1 in maintaining control of TFC DNA synthesis in vitro, these findings provide evidence that an increase in the availability of autocrine TGF-β1 effected by EGF and TSH may play an instrumental role in limiting the cellular hyperplasia induced by these factors within the thyroid follicular microenvironment. Moreover, the present data also suggest that the availability of active autocrine TGF-β1 to TFCs under such conditions may be dependent upon a PKC-mediated mechanism. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 148, 87–94

TGF-β1-mediated hypertrophy involves inhibiting pRB phosphorylation by blocking activation of cyclin E kinase

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. F186-F194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baolian Liu ◽  
Patricia Preisig
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Cyclin E ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Tgf Β1

When renal epithelial cells are exposed to epidermal growth factor-transforming growth factor-β1 (EGF-TGF-β1) the typical EGF-mediated hyperplastic growth response is converted to a hypertrophic growth response. Hypertrophy in this setting involves cell entrance into G1, but arrest of cell cycle progression at the G1/S interface. Late G1 arrest is mediated by retaining retinoblastoma protein (pRB) in its active, hypophosphorylated state. The present studies examine the mechanism by which pRB is retained in its active state. The results demonstrate that TGF-β1-mediated conversion of hyperplasia to hypertrophy involves preventing activation of cdk2/cyclin E kinase but has no effect on cdk4(6)/cyclin D kinase activity. Preventing activation of cyclin E kinase is associated with 1) decreased abundance of cdk2/cyclin E complexes and 2) retention of p57Kip2 in formed cdk2/cyclin E complexes. The development of hypertrophy does not involve regulation of either cdk2, cyclin E, or cdc25A protein abundances, or the abundance of p27Kip1 or p21 in formed complexes.

Elevated plasma levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in patients with advanced breast cancer: association with disease progression

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Ivanović ◽  
Nataša Todorović-Raković ◽  
Miroslav Demajo ◽  
Zora Nešković-Konstantinović ◽  
Vesna Subota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Advanced Breast Cancer ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Advanced Breast ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Tgf Β1

scholarly journals Impact of Auditory Integrative Training on Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Its Effect on Behavioral and Social Emotions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Al-Ayadhi ◽  
Abdulrahman Mohammed Alhowikan ◽  
Dost Muhammad Halepoto
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tgf Β1

Objective: To explore the impact of auditory integrative training (AIT) on the inflammatory biomarker transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and to assess its effect on social behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Subjects and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 15 patients (14 males and 1 female) with ASD aged 3-12 years were recruited. All were screened for autism using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Plasma levels of TGF-β1 were measured in all patients using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) immediately and 1 and 3 months after the AIT sessions. Pre- and post-AIT behavioral scores were also calculated for each child using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and the Short Sensory Profile (SSP). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 21.0 for Windows). Results: Plasma levels of TGF-β1 significantly increased to 85% immediately after AIT (20.13 ± 12 ng/mL, p < 0.05), to 95% 1 month after AIT (21.2 ± 11 ng/mL, p < 0.01), and to 105% 3 months after AIT (22.25 ± 16 ng/mL, p < 0.01) compared to before AIT (10.85 ± 8 ng/mL). Results also revealed that behavioral rating scales (CARS, SRS, and SSP) improved in terms of disease severity after AIT. Conclusion: Increased plasma levels of TGF-β1 support the therapeutic effect of AIT on TGF-β1 followed by improvement in social awareness, social cognition, and social communication in children with ASD. Furthermore, TGF-β1 was associated with severity in all scores tested (CARS, SRS, and SSP); if confirmed in studies with larger sample sizes, TGF-β1 may be considered as a marker of ASD severity and to assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Modulation of the Systemic Immune Response in Suckling Rats by Breast Milk TGF-β2, EGF and FGF21 Supplementation

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1888
Author(s):  
Paulina Torres-Castro ◽  
Blanca Grases-Pintó ◽  
Mar Abril-Gil ◽  
Margarida Castell ◽  
María J. Rodríguez-Lagunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β2 ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Spleen Lymphocytes ◽  
Immune Maturation

Breast milk is a rich fluid containing bioactive compounds such as specific growth factors (GF) that contribute to maturation of the immune system in early life. The aim of this study was to determine whether transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), compounds present in breast milk, could promote systemic immune maturation. For this purpose, newborn Wistar rats were daily supplemented with these GF by oral gavage during the suckling period (21 days of life). At day 14 and 21 of life, plasma for immunoglobulin (Ig) quantification was obtained and spleen lymphocytes were isolated, immunophenotyped and cultured to evaluate their ability to proliferate and release cytokines. The main result was obtained at day 14, when supplementation with EGF increased B cell proportion to reach levels observed at day 21. At the end of the suckling period, all GF increased the plasma levels of IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes, FGF21 balanced the Th1/Th2 cytokine response and both EGF and FGF21 modified splenic lymphocyte composition. These results suggested that the studied milk bioactive factors, mainly EGF and FGF21, may have modulatory roles in the systemic immune responses in early life, although their physiological roles remain to be established.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Tetes Telinga Serum Autologous dengan Amnion untuk Penutupan Perforasi Membran Timpani

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayatul Fitria ◽  
Yan Edward
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforation ◽  
Autologous Serum ◽  
Membrane Perforation ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Tgf Β1

Abstrak Latar Belakang: Gangguan pendengaran atau ketulian mempunyai dampak yang merugikan bagi penderita , keluarga, masyarakat maupun negara. Salah satu penyebab ketulian yang sering dijumpai adalah radang telinga tengah, terutama yang disertai perforasi membran timpani yang menetap. Penutupan perforasi membran timpani dapat dilakukan dengan operatif dan konservatif. Secara konservatif sudah banyak cara yang dilakukan. Salah satunya dengan mengkaustik tepi perforasi dengan menggunakan silver nitrat untuk membuat luka baru, kemudian digunakan amnion sebagai jembatan (bridge) dan faktor regulasi yang terdapat pada tetes telinga serum autologous. Tujuan: Untuk menjelaskan gambaran penggunaan amnion sebagai jembatan dan tetes telinga serum autologous sebagai faktor regulasi. Tinjauan pustaka: Penutupan perforasi membran timpani dapat dilakukan secara konservatif salah satunya dengan menggunakan tetes telinga serum autologous sebagai faktor regulator, amnion sebagai jembatan dan penggunaan silver nitrat pada tepi perforasi untuk membuat luka baru. Serum autologous memiliki asselerator pertumbuhan yaitu epidermal growth factor (EGF) , transforming growth factor β1 (TGF- β1) dan fibronektin. Asselerator pertumbuhan ini dapat kita temukan pada penyembuhan membran timpani normal. Sedangkan membran amnion adalah jaringan semi transparan tipis yang membentuk lapisan terdalam membran fetus dengan susunan membran basalis yang tebal dan jaringan stroma avaskuler. Membran amnion mempercepat pembentukan epitel normal dengan menekan pembentukan jaringan fibrosis. Sel epitel amnion memproduksi faktor pertumbuhan seperti fibroblast growth factor dan transforming growth factor beta. Faktor pertumbuhan akan membantu komunikasi antara epitel dan sel fibroblast stroma untuk menekan proliferasi dan diferensiasi jaringan fibrosis. Kesimpulan: Diperlukan tiga elemen pada penutupan perforasi membran timpani yaitu faktor regulasi, jembatan (bridge) dan membuat luka baru pada tepi perforasi. Kata kunci: tetes telinga serum autologous, membran amnion, perforasi membran timpani Abstract Background: Hearing loss or deafness have an adverse impact on patients, families, communities and the country. One cause of deafness that often met is middle ear inflammation, especially those with persistent tympanic membrane perforation. Closure of tympanic membrane perforation can be performed with operative and conservative. The conservatives have done with a lot of ways. One of them is cauterize edge of perforation by using silver nitrate to make a new wound, then used the amnion as a bridge and regulatory factors present in autologous serum eardrops. Objective: To describe the use of amnion as a bridge and autologous serum eardrops as a regulatory factor. Literature review: Closure of tympanic membrane perforation conservatively can be done either by using the autologous serum eardrops as a factor regulator, amnion as a bridge and the use of silver nitrate on the edge of the perforation to create a new wound. Autologous serum have asselator growth of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1) and fibronectin. Asselerator growth factor can be found on normal tympanic membrane healing. While the amniotic membrane is semi-transparant thin tissue that forms the deepest layer of fetal membranes with formation of a thick basement membrane and tissue stroma avaskuler. Amniotic membrane accelerate the formation of normal epithelial tissue by pressing the formation of fibrosis. Amniotic epithelial cells produce growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor beta. Growth factors will help the communication between epithelial and stromal fibroblast cells to suppress proliferation and differentiation of tissue fibrosis. Conclusion: It takes three elements on the closure of tympanic membrane perforation factor regulation, bridge and make new cuts on the edge of the perforation. Keywords: autologous serum eardrops, amnion membrane, tympanic membrane perforation

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