scholarly journals Effect of High Fat and Fructo-Oligosaccharide Consumption on Immunoglobulin A in Saliva and Salivary Glands in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
Yuko Yamamoto ◽  
Toshiya Morozumi ◽  
Toru Takahashi ◽  
Juri Saruta ◽  
Wakako Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activation

Consumption of indigestible dietary fiber increases immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in saliva. The purpose of this study is to clarify the synergistic effect of the intake of a high amount of fats and indigestible dietary fiber on IgA levels in saliva and submandibular glands (SMG). Seven-week-old Wistar rats were fed a low-fat (60 g/kg) fiberless diet, low-fat fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS, 30 g/kg) diet, high-fat (220 g/kg) fiberless diet, or high-fat FOS diet for 70 days. The IgA flow rate of saliva (IgA FR-saliva) was higher in the low-fat FOS group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the concentration of tyrosine hydroxylase (a marker of sympathetic nerve activation) in the SMG was higher in the low-fat FOS group (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with the IgA FR-saliva (rs = 0.68. p < 0.0001. n = 32) in comparison to that in the other groups. These findings suggest that during low-fat FOS intake, salivary IgA levels may increase through sympathetic nerve activation.

scholarly journals A High-Fat Diet Containing 50% Egg-Phosphatidylcholine Increased the Proportion of T Cells Expressing a Memory Marker in Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1140-1140
Author(s):  
Tianna Rusnak ◽  
Jessy Azarcoya Barrera ◽  
Bethany Wollin ◽  
Anna Thomsen ◽  
Alexander Makarowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Helper T Cells ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Egg Pc

Abstract Objectives Studies have suggested that high-fat (HF) diets are associated with immune dysfunction, which results in a lower production of IL-2 and a lower proportion of helper T cells. Providing a diet containing 100% phosphatidylcholine (PC), a form of choline mainly found in eggs, has been shown to increase IL-2 production early in life. However, this is of no relevance for human consumption since no human diet will contain 100% PC. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the dose effect of egg-PC added to a high fat diet compared to a control high fat and low fat diets on T cell function in male Wistar rats. Methods At four weeks of age, male Wistar rats were randomized to consume one of 6 diets: 1- Control low fat (CLF, 10%wt/wt fat, 100% free choline (FC), n = 10); 2- Control high fat (CHF, 25% wt/wt fat, 100% FC, n = 10); 3- 100% PCHF (100PCHF, 25% wt/wt fat, 100% PC, n = 10); 4- 75% PCHF (75PCHF, 25% wt/wt fat, 75% PC, 25% FC, n = 10); 5- 50% PCHF (50PCHF, 25% wt/wt fat, 50% PC, 50% FC, n = 10); 6- 25% PCHF (25PCHF; 25% wt/wt fat, 25% PC, 75% FC, n = 10). Fatty acid composition was closely matched in all of the diets. Anthropometric data was collected through the duration of the study (12 weeks). At the end of the study, splenocytes phenotypes were measured by flow cytometry. Results From week 1 to week 10 there was no difference in body weight between the diets. Starting from week 2 the CLF group had a higher food intake compared to the other groups. The 50PCHF diet had a higher proportion of helper T cells (CD4+) compared to the CLF and CHF diets. In addition, 50PCHF had a higher proportion of helper T cells expressing IL-2 receptors (CD4+CD25+) compared to 25PCHF (P &lt; 0.05). 50PCHF also had a higher proportion of T cells expressing a memory marker (CD3+CD27+) compared with all HF diets (all P &lt; 0.05) but not the CLF diet. Conclusions Our results suggest that a diet providing 50% of total choline in the form of egg-PC normalizes the proportion of T cells expressing CD27 in the context of a HF diet which may lead to a better immune response if a second exposure to a pathogen occurs. Whether the higher proportion of helper T cells expressing the IL-2 receptor in the 50PCHF group is associated with better T cell response upon challenge remains to be investigated. Funding Sources Egg farmers of Canada, NSERC.

Effects of swim training on liver carcinogenesis in male Wistar rats fed a low-fat or high-fat diet

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Aguiar e Silva ◽  
Ivan José Vechetti-Junior ◽  
André Ferreira do Nascimento ◽  
Kelly Silva Furtado ◽  
Luciana Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Liver Carcinogenesis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of swim training on the promotion–progression stages of rat liver carcinogenesis. Male Wistar rats were submitted to chemically induced liver carcinogenesis and allocated into 4 major groups, according their dietary regimen (16 weeks) and swim training of 5 days per week (8 weeks): 2 groups were fed low-fat diet (LFD, 6% fat) and trained or not trained and 2 groups were fed high-fat diet (HFD, 21% fat) and trained or not trained. At week 20, the animals were killed and liver samples were processed for histological analyses; immunohistochemical detection of persistent or remodeling preneoplastic lesions (pPNL and rPNL) expressing placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) enzyme; or proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cleaved caspase-3, and bcl-2 protein levels by Western blotting or malonaldehyde (MDA) and total glutathione detection by HPLC. Overall analysis indicated that swim training reduced the body weight and body fat in both LFD and HFD groups, normalized total cholesterol levels in the HFD group while decreased the MDA levels, increased glutathione levels and both number of GST-P-positive pPNL and hepatocellular adenomas in LFD group. Also, a favorable balance in PCNA, cleaved caspase-3, and bcl-2 levels was detected in the liver from the LFD-trained group in relation to LFD-untrained group. The findings of this study indicate that the swim training protocol as a result of exercise postconditioning may attenuate liver carcinogenesis under an adequate dietary regimen with lowered fat intake.

scholarly journals Pretreatment Fasting Glucose and Insulin as Determinants of Weight Loss on Diets Varying in Macronutrients and Dietary Fibers—The POUNDS LOST Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Hjorth ◽  
George Bray ◽  
Yishai Zohar ◽  
Lorien Urban ◽  
Derek Miketinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Pre Treatment

Efforts to identify a preferable diet for weight management based on macronutrient composition have largely failed, but recent evidence suggests that satiety effects of carbohydrates may depend on the individual’s insulin-mediated cellular glucose uptake. Therefore, using data from the POUNDS LOST trial, pre-treatment fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FI), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were studied as prognostic markers of long-term weight loss in four diets differing in carbohydrate, fat, and protein content, while assessing the role of dietary fiber intake. Subjects with FPG <100 mg/dL lost 2.6 (95% CI 0.9;4.4, p = 0.003) kg more on the low-fat/high-protein (n = 132) compared to the low-fat/average-protein diet (n = 136). Subjects with HOMA-IR ≥4 lost 3.6 (95% CI 0.2;7.1, p = 0.038) kg more body weight on the high-fat/high-protein (n = 35) compared to high-fat/average-protein diet (n = 33). Regardless of the randomized diet, subjects with prediabetes and FI below the median lost 5.6 kg (95% CI 0.6;10.6, p = 0.030) more when consuming ≥35 g (n = 15) compared to <35 g dietary fiber/10 MJ (n = 16). Overall, subjects with normal glycemia lost most on the low-fat/high-protein diet, subjects with high HOMA-IR lost most on the high-fat/high protein diet, and subjects with prediabetes and low FI had particular benefit from dietary fiber in the diet.

scholarly journals Dietary fat and fiber impacts intestinal microbiome resilience to antibiotics and Clostridoides difficile infection in mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Z. Hazleton ◽  
Casey G. Martin ◽  
Kathleen L. Arnolds ◽  
Nichole M. Nusbacher ◽  
Nancy Moreno-Huizar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Diet

AbstractClostridoides difficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and there has been a steady increase in the number of new infections, emphasizing the importance of novel prevention strategies. Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and disruption of the intestinal microbiome is one of the most important risk factors of CDI. We used a murine model of antibiotic-induced CDI to investigate the relative contributions of high dietary fat and low dietary fiber on disease pathogenesis. We found that high fat, but not low fiber resulted in increased mortality from CDI (HR 4.95) and increased levels of C. difficile toxin production compared to a regular low-fat/high-fiber mouse diet even though we did not observe a significant change in C. difficile carriage. The high-fat diet also increased levels of primary bile acids known to be germination factors for C. difficile spores. Mice fed low-fat/low-fiber diets did not show increased CDI pathogenesis, but did have a larger antibiotic-induced gut microbiome disturbance compared to mice fed a high-fiber diet, characterized by a greater decrease in alpha diversity. This microbiome disturbance was associated with a loss of secondary bile acids and short chain fatty acids, which are both microbial metabolic products previously shown to protect against CDI. These data suggest that a low-fiber diet contributes to antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, while a high-fat diet promotes CDI pathogenesis. These findings indicate that dietary interventions that increase fiber and decrease fat may be an effective prevention strategy for individuals at high risk of CDI.One Sentence SummaryHigh dietary fat promoted mortality in a mouse model of antibiotic-induced C. difficile infection and low dietary fiber caused higher microbiome disturbance upon broad-spectum antibiotic exposure, suggesting that diets low in fat and high in fiber may protect against C. difficile pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Effect of cold exposure on energy balance and liver respiratory capacity in post-weaning rats fed a high-fat diet

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Iossa ◽  
Lillà Lionetti ◽  
Maria P. Mollica ◽  
Raffaella Crescenzo ◽  
Antonio Barletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fat Feeding

Variations in energy balance, body composition, and nutrient partitioning induced by high-fat feeding, cold exposure or by concomitant high-fat feeding and cold exposure were studied in young Wistar rats. Changes in hepatic metabolism as well as in serum free triiodothyronine and leptin levels were also evaluated. Rats were exposed to either 24 or 4°C and fed either a low- or high-fat diet (10 % or 50 % energy respectively) for 2 weeks. Relative to low-fat feeding at 24°C, both energy intake and expenditure were increased by high-fat feeding or by cold exposure, and these changes were accompanied by increased serum triiodothyronine levels. In response to concomitant high-fat feeding and cold exposure, serum triiodothyronine tended to be further elevated, but no further increases in energy intake or energy expenditure were observed. Independently of diet, the increased energy expenditure in cold-exposed rats was not completely balanced by adaptive hyperphagia, with consequential reductions in protein and fat gain, accompanied by marked decreases in serum leptin. Furthermore, unlike high-fat feeding at 24°C, cold exposure enhanced hepatic mitochondrial oxidative capacity both in the low-fat- and high-fat-fed groups. It is concluded that in this strain of young Wistar rats, despite similarly marked stimulation of energy expenditure by high-fat feeding at 24°C, by cold exposure and by concomitant high-fat feeding and cold exposure, an increased hepatic oxidative capacity occurred only in the presence of the cold stimulus.

interactive Potential of Omega-3 Fatty Acids with Clofibrate or DEHP on Hepatic Peroxisome Prolifieration in Male Wistar Rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Marie Wysynski ◽  
Linda A. Baldwin ◽  
Denise A. Leonard ◽  
Edward J. Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The interactive potential of three known peroxisome proliferators, omega-3 fatty acids, clofibrate and di(2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), was evaluated in male weanling Wistar rats for the effect on peroxisomal beta-oxidation. Omega-3 fatty acids were supplied by menhaden oil which was fed in six regimens: low fat (5% w/w), low fat and clofibrate (0.3% w/w) or DEHP (0.25% w/w), high fat (20% w/w), high fat and clofibrate or DEHP in the aforementioned concentrations. Induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation was measured by changes in liver-to-body weight ratio, fatty acyl-CoA oxidase (FAO) activity, and peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme (PBE) quantity. Analysis of transformed data indicated a less than additive response in FAO activity with no deviation from additivity seen with liver-to-body ratios and PBE.

scholarly journals Rapid Onset of Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activation in Rabbits Fed a High-Fat Diet

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Armitage ◽  
Sandra L. Burke ◽  
Larissa J. Prior ◽  
Benjamin Barzel ◽  
Nina Eikelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Renal Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activation ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

723-P: Effect of Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat vs. High-Carbohydrate Low-Fat Diet on HbA1c Control in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 723-P
Author(s):  
LINGWANG AN ◽  
DANDAN WANG ◽  
XIAORONG SHI ◽  
CHENHUI LIU ◽  
KUEICHUN YEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Hba1c Control

scholarly journals Berberine elevates cardiolipin in heart of offspring from mouse dams with high fat diet-induced gestational diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Cole ◽  
Genevieve C. Sparagna ◽  
Marilyne Vandel ◽  
Bo Xiang ◽  
Vernon W. Dolinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat

AbstractBerberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid from plants known to improve cardiac mitochondrial function in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) offspring but the mechanism is poorly understood. We examined the role of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) in mediating this cardiac improvement. C57BL/6 female mice were fed either a Lean-inducing low-fat diet or a GDM-inducing high-fat diet for 6 weeks prior to breeding. Lean and GDM-exposed male offspring were randomly assigned a low-fat, high-fat, or high-fat diet containing BBR at weaning for 12 weeks. The content of CL was elevated in the heart of GDM offspring fed a high fat diet containing BBR. The increase in total cardiac CL was due to significant increases in the most abundant and functionally important CL species, tetralinoleoyl-CL and this correlated with an increase in the expression of the CL remodeling enzyme tafazzin. Additionally, BBR treatment increased expression of cardiac enzymes involved in fatty acid uptake and oxidation and electron transport chain subunits in high fat diet fed GDM offspring. Thus, dietary BBR protection from cardiac dysfunction in GDM exposed offspring involves improvement in mitochondrial function mediated through increased synthesis of CL.

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