scholarly journals Dietary Aspects to Incorporate in the Creation of a Mobile Image-Based Dietary Assessment Tool to Manage and Improve Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Yue Qin ◽  
Marah Aqeel ◽  
Fengqing Zhu ◽  
Edward J. Delp ◽  
Heather A. Eicher-Miller
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Dietary Behavior ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Essential Components

Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in United States. Dietary intake and behaviors are essential components of diabetes management. Growing evidence suggests dietary components beyond carbohydrates may critically impact glycemic control. Assessment tools on mobile platforms have the ability to capture multiple aspects of dietary behavior in real-time throughout the day to inform and improve diabetes management and insulin dosing. The objective of this narrative review was to summarize evidence related to dietary behaviors and composition to inform a mobile image-based dietary assessment tool for managing glycemic control of both diabetes types (type 1 and type 2 diabetes). This review investigated the following topics amongst those with diabetes: (1) the role of time of eating occasion on indicators of glycemic control; and (2) the role of macronutrient composition of meals on indicators of glycemic control. A search for articles published after 2000 was completed in PubMed with the following sets of keywords “diabetes/diabetes management/diabetes prevention/diabetes risk”, “dietary behavior/eating patterns/temporal/meal timing/meal frequency”, and “macronutrient composition/glycemic index”. Results showed eating behaviors and meal macronutrient composition may affect glycemic control. Specifically, breakfast skipping, late eating and frequent meal consumption might be associated with poor glycemic control while macronutrient composition and order of the meal could also affect glycemic control. These factors should be considered in designing a dietary assessment tool, which may optimize diabetes management to reduce the burden of this disease.

scholarly journals Effect of Manual Data Cleaning on Nutrient Intakes using the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine Y Bouzid ◽  
Joanne E Arsenault ◽  
Ellen L Bonnel ◽  
Eduardo Cervantes ◽  
Annie Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Data Cleaning ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Background Automated dietary assessment tools such as ASA24® are useful for collecting 24-hour recall data in large-scale studies. Modifications made during manual data cleaning may affect nutrient intakes. Objectives We evaluated the effects of modifications made during manual data cleaning on nutrients intakes of interest: energy, carbohydrate, total fat, protein, and fiber. Methods Differences in mean intake before and after data cleaning modifications for all recalls and average intakes per subject were analyzed by paired t-tests. Chi-squared test was used to determine whether unsupervised recalls had more open-ended text responses that required modification than supervised recalls. We characterized food types of text response modifications. Correlations between predictive energy requirements, measured total energy expenditure (TEE), and mean energy intake from raw and modified data were examined. Results After excluding 11 recalls with invalidating technical errors, 1499 valid recalls completed by 393 subjects were included in this analysis. We found significant differences before and after modifications for energy, carbohydrate, total fat, and protein intakes for all recalls (p < 0.05). Limiting to modified recalls, there were significant differences for all nutrients of interest, including fiber (p < 0.02). There was not a significantly greater proportion of text responses requiring modification for home compared to supervised recalls (p = 0.271). Predicted energy requirements correlated highly with TEE. There was no significant difference in correlation of mean energy intake with TEE for modified compared to raw data. Mean intake for individual subjects was significantly different for energy, protein, and fat intakes following cleaning modifications (p < 0.001). Conclusions Manual modifications can change mean nutrient intakes for an entire cohort and individuals. However, modifications did not significantly affect correlation of energy intake with predictive requirements and measured expenditure. Investigators can consider their research question and nutrients of interest when deciding to make cleaning modifications.

The Role of Teaching Materials in Cognitive Development Focusing on the “Emergence of Symbolic Functioning” and Behaviour Issues

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-97
Author(s):  
Eiko Tatematsu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Teaching Device ◽  
Symbolic Functioning

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the role of teaching materials focusing on the “Emergence of Symbolic Functioning” and latent behaviour issues. First, a literature review is performed on the behaviour issues associated with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Three kinds of assessment tools used in this study are described with underlying developmental meanings. Especially, one of those tools, a teaching device named “Tamahimo” is introduced as a practical assessment tool to visualize participants' cognitive conditions. Three cases, two adolescents and one young adult with ID, are discussed, with their autism-like behaviours and characteristic cognitive profiles evaluated using the assessment tools. All cognitive development is judged as corresponding to the “Emergence of Symbolic Functioning,” that is, the qualitative transition phase from non-symbolic to the explicit existence of a symbolic functioning stage. Factors preventing social adaptation are discussed as they relate to unstable cognitive conditions.

scholarly journals Self Assessment Tools (SAT) as One of the Basic Tools for Performance Management: A Critique

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Thomas Alama Etalong
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
State Government ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Permanent Staff

The alignment of employees to the organizational goal, vision and mission is very imperative and cannot be emphasize enough. As such, there is need for organizations to deliberately bring their workforce on board to achieve this set goals or targets. It is also important for employees to assess themselves from time to time to ascertain that they are up-to- date with the vision, goal and mission of the organization, this literally translate into self-assessment- a process of keeping self in proper check to ascertain correctness and alignment with organizational objective. The central theme of this article is to examine the role of Self-Assessment Tool (SAT) in performance management, the article also examine the shortfall of this tool developed by Bureau for Public Service Reform (BPSR). The method adopted for this study is survey method using questionnaires, one hundred questionnaires were administered among forty (40) junior, thirty (30) senior staff in the Office of the Secretary to the State Government (SSG), Enugu State, twenty (20) contract staff and ten (10) permanent staff of First Bank Plc, presidential road, Enugu. The results from the analysis shows that, the results from Self-Assessment Tool (SAT) are not made public and it gives preferences to government agencies at the detriment of private sector. The paper further X-ray the importance of performance management, ranging from reduced costs in the organization, aligns the organization directly between its employees and the strategic goals and stop project overruns. The paper concludes by noting that the result of the assessment may be made public, to guide policy making process and finally, the private sector should also be incorporated into the tool.

scholarly journals Indian consensus on durability of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes management and role of oral antidiabetic drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3745
Author(s):  
Manoj Chawla ◽  
Pramila Kalra ◽  
A. K. Khanna ◽  
Sisir Kumar Mahapatro
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Antidiabetic Drugs ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic Drugs ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in an alarming way in India as well as across the globe. In order to minimize complications, there is a need to maintain good glycemic control in patients with T2DM and long-term durable glycemic control remains a challenge. Clinically, this challenge was addressed by step-wise intensification of therapy with additional antidiabetic drugs to maintain glycemic control. Various disease and patient-related factors as well as different antidiabetic agents influenced the durability of glycemic control differently. While understanding of the factors that influenced therapeutic outcomes had evolved, there was paucity of information about the durability of glycemic control and the role of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in achieving it. With an objective to understand the role of durability of glycemic response in the management of Indian patients with T2DM, 4 advisory board meetings attended by 48 physicians from across the country were conducted in Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata and Bengaluru. There was consensus to consider durability of glycemic control as an important goal in the management of T2DM. Personalized approach in T2DM management along with early initiation of dual combination therapy were recommended to achieve durability. Age group of patients, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin levels at diagnosis, presence or absence of comorbidities and complications are important factors that need to be considered before initiating dual combination therapy for patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Use of Mobile Apps for Dietary Assessment in Medical Research

10.2196/15619 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. e15619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael Khazen ◽  
Jean-François Jeanne ◽  
Laëtitia Demaretz ◽  
Florent Schäfer ◽  
Guy Fagherazzi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Dietary Behaviors ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Eating Occasions ◽  
Dietary Data

Food intake and usual dietary intake are among the key determinants of health to be assessed in medical research and important confounding factors to be accounted for in clinical studies. Although various methods are available for gathering dietary data, those based on innovative technologies are particularly promising. With combined cost-effectiveness and ease of use, it is safe to assume that mobile technologies can now optimize tracking of eating occasions and dietary behaviors. Yet, choosing a dietary assessment tool that meets research objectives and data quality standards remains challenging. In this paper, we describe the purposes of collecting dietary data in medical research and outline the main considerations for using mobile dietary assessment tools based on participant and researcher expectations.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: The Potential Role of Romosozumab

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Jacqueline So ◽  
Chi Chiu Mok
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Estimation Formula ◽  
Fracture Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
Dose Dependent

Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is a major problem in patients with rheumatic diseases. The deleterious effect of GC on bone turnover is rapid and dose-dependent, with a predilection on the trabecular bone, resulting in vertebral fractures. Early recognition and prompt treatment of GIOP helps prevent bone loss and reduce fractures. There are pitfalls in current assessment tools for GIOP by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) estimation formula. In this review, we evaluate different assessment methods for GIOP and summarize current therapies of GIOP, including the antiresorptive and anabolic agents. The potential role of newer anti-osteoporosis agent romosozumab, an anti-sclerostin monoclonal antibody, is also discussed.

scholarly journals Development of a Sleep Assessment Module in the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool: New Research Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 474-474
Author(s):  
Marissa Shams-White ◽  
Lauren O'Connor ◽  
Sydney O'Connor ◽  
Amy Miller ◽  
Beth Mittl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
Wake Time ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
Sleep Assessment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives To develop a sleep assessment module in ASA24 to capture self-reported sleep behavior as an optional enhancement to the ASA24 Dietary Assessment Tool for adults. Methods Multiple self-reported sleep assessment tools were considered in module development, including the National Sleep Foundation Sleep Diary, the Activities Completed over Time in 24-hours (ACT24), Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), and the Consensus Sleep Diary (CSD) Core. Priority was given to minimal need for adaptation, questionnaire length to reduce survey fatigue, incorporating plain language, and optimizing for implementation in 24 hour recalls (24HR) and food records. Researchers with expertise in meal timing and sleep were consulted for feedback on content and utility and programmers with expertise in survey design were consulted on implementation. Lastly, the online data collection process and ASA24 System's output data files were tested for accuracy. Results The ASA24 sleep module contains ten questions and can be administered immediately following dietary assessment. Eight CSD Core questions were adapted to assess time in bed, time trying to go to sleep, and length of time to fall asleep; number and duration of nocturnal awakenings; wake time and time out of bed for the day; and perceived sleep quality. Two questions were added to capture sleep quality and comparability of reported sleep to a usual night's sleep. For users completing a 24HR, the module includes two questions on time of awakening and sleep quality immediately preceding the first reported meal; all 10 sleep questions are asked for the sleep period immediately following the last meal (i.e., 12 questions total), allowing for assessment of the impact of diet on sleep. In contrast, a food record is completed on the same day users consume the food, and thus all sleep questions address the sleep window prior to the first meal; a single record can be used to assess the impact of sleep on diet. Consecutive days of records can also be collected to capture sleep pre- and post-eating windows. Conclusions The ASA24 sleep module can assess sleep timing and quality and will be available in Fall 2021. Researchers can soon leverage this novel resource to examine the association of sleep with timing of eating and other chrononutrition variables. Funding Sources This project has been funded by the NIH.

scholarly journals Web-Based Interventions for Dietary Behavior in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jedha Dening ◽  
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ◽  
Elena George ◽  
Ralph Maddison
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Dietary Behavior ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Dietary Knowledge ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Dietary Behavior Change

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is among the most prevalent noncommunicable health conditions worldwide, affecting over 500 million people globally. Diet is a key aspect of T2DM management with dietary modification shown to elicit clinically meaningful outcomes such as improved glycemic control, and reductions in weight and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Web-based interventions provide a potentially convenient and accessible method for delivering dietary education, but its effects on dietary behavior in people with T2DM are unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to determine the effectiveness of web-based interventions on dietary behavior change and glycemic control in people with T2DM. METHODS Per PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, systematic literature searches were performed using Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and CINAHL to retrieve papers from January 2013 to May 2019. Randomized controlled trials of web-based interventions in adults with T2DM with reported dietary assessment were included. Population and intervention characteristics, dietary guidelines and assessments, and significant clinical outcomes were extracted. Differences between groups and within groups were assessed for dietary behavior and clinical outcomes. RESULTS There were 714 records screened, and five studies comprising 1056 adults were included. Studies measured dietary changes by assessing overall diet quality, changes in specific dietary components, or dietary knowledge scores. Significant improvements in dietary behavior were reported in four out of the five studies, representing healthier food choices, improvements in eating habits, reductions in carbohydrates, added sugar, sodium, saturated fat and overall fat intake, and/or increases in dietary knowledge. Three studies found significant mean reductions for hemoglobin A1c ranging from –0.3% to –0.8%, and/or weight ranging from –2.3 kg to –12.7 kg, fasting blood glucose (–1 mmol/L), waist circumference (–1 cm), and triglycerides (–60.1 mg/dL). These studies provided varied dietary recommendations from standard dietary guidelines, national health program guidelines, and a very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet. CONCLUSIONS This review provided evidence that web-based interventions may be an effective way to support dietary behavior change in people with T2DM, potentially leading to changes in glycemic control and other clinical outcomes. However, the evidence should be viewed as preliminary as there were only five studies included with considerable heterogeneity in terms of the diets recommended, the dietary assessment measures used, the complexity of the interventions, and the modes and methods of delivery. CLINICALTRIAL

Validating dietary assessment tools with energy expenditure measurement methods: Is this accurate?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal Hejazi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Energy Balance Equation ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutritional Studies

Abstract. Having an accurate dietary assessment tool is a necessity for most nutritional studies. As a result, many validation studies have been carried out to assess the validity of commonly used dietary assessment tools. Since based on the energy balance equation, among individuals with a stable weight, Energy Intake (EI) is equal to Energy Expenditure (EE) and there are precise methods for measurement of EE (e.g. doubly labeled water method), numerous studies have used this technique for validating dietary assessment tools. If there was a discrepancy between measured EI and EE, the researchers have concluded that self-reported dietary assessment tools are not valid or participants misreport their dietary intakes. However, the calculation of EI with common dietary assessment tools such as food frequency questionnaires (FFQs), 24-hour dietary recalls, or weighed food records, is based on fixed factors that were introduced by Atwater and the accuracy of these factors are under question. Moreover, the amount of energy absorption, and utilization from a diet, depends on various factors and there are considerable interindividual differences in this regard, for example in gut microbiota composition. As a result, the EI which is calculated using dietary assessment tools is likely not representative of real metabolizable energy which is equal to EE in individuals with stable weight, thus validating dietary assessment tools with EE measurement methods may not be accurate. We aim to address this issue briefly and propose a feasible elucidation, albeit not a complete solution.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dietary Assessment Tools Used in Bariatric Population

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2250
Author(s):  
Marianne Legault ◽  
Vicky Leblanc ◽  
Geneviève B. Marchand ◽  
Sylvain Iceta ◽  
Virginie Drolet-Labelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Bariatric Patients ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Nutritional Studies

Severe obesity is associated with major health issues and bariatric surgery is still the only treatment to offer significant and durable weight loss. Assessment of dietary intakes is an important component of the bariatric surgery process. Objective: To document the dietary assessment tools that have been used with patients targeted for bariatric surgery and patients who had bariatric surgery and explore the extent to which these tools have been validated. Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify studies that used a dietary assessment tool with patients targeted for bariatric surgery or who had bariatric surgery. Results: 108 studies were included. Among all studies included, 27 used a dietary assessment tool that had been validated either as part of the study per se (n = 11) or in a previous study (n = 16). Every tool validated per se in the cited studies was validated among a bariatric population, while none of the tools validated in previous studies were validated in this population. Conclusion: Few studies in bariatric populations used a dietary assessment tool that had been validated in this population. Additional studies are needed to develop valid and robust dietary assessment tools to improve the quality of nutritional studies among bariatric patients.

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