scholarly journals The Role of Nutrition in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara Mentella ◽  
Franco Scaldaferri ◽  
Antonio Gasbarrini ◽  
Giacinto Abele Donato Miggiano
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Pertinent Literature ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Complications And Mortality

SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 disease, is posing unprecedent challenges. In the literature, increasing evidence highlights how malnutrition negatively affects the immune system functionality, impairing protection from infections. The current review aims to summarize the complex relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and nutritional status and the effects of malnutrition in terms of disease severity, patients’ recovery time, incidence of complications and mortality rate. Current studies evaluating the possibility of modulating nutrition and supplementation in combination with pharmacological treatments in the clinical setting to prevent, support, and overcome infection are also described. The discussion of the most recent pertinent literature aims to lay the foundations for making reasonable assumptions and evaluations for a nutritional “best practice” against COVID-19 pandemic and for the definition of sound cost-effective strategies to assist healthcare systems in managing patients and individuals in their recovery from COVID-19.

Professional Analysts and the Ongoing Construction of IT Governance

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
It Governance ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Chief Information Officers ◽  
Intended Target ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Commercial Research

This article addresses the role of the professional analysts as actors within the field of IT Governance. Through a content analysis of over 400 reports from the largest commercial research firm, instances of normative statements are identified and analyzed. With the intended target group of the reports being Chief Information Officers, the findings show that the content of IT Governance has changed during the last three years. This is discussed in relation to the role that professional analysts play in an ongoing construction of IT Governance. The article concludes by identifying possible risks and benefits involved in using professional analysts as sources for best-practice, as well as calling for a more practice-based definition of IT Governance.

scholarly journals Smoking cessation treatment for COPD smokers: the role of pharmacological interventions

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Jiménez-Ruiz ◽  
K.O. Fagerström
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Smoking Cessation Treatment ◽  
Cessation Treatment ◽  
High Doses

Because stopping smoking is such a pressing necessity for COPD smokers physicians should use smoking cessation treatments aggressively. For optimal efficacy smoking cessation in COPD smokers should combine behavioral and pharmacological treatments. Three types of pharmacological treatments are proven to be safe and effective: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT), Bupropion and Varenicline. Use of NRT, bupropion or varenicline, single or in combination, at standard doses or at high doses, for 8-12 weeks or for more than 6-12 months have proven to help these patients to quit. For optimizing efficacy these medications can also be introduced some weeks before actual quitting. In COPD smoking patients that are not interested in stopping completely or abruptly these medications can be used to aid cessation in a more gradual way. Pharmacotherapy to aid cessation in COPD smokers have proven to be highly cost effective.

scholarly journals Nested pool testing strategy for the diagnosis of infectious diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Armendáriz ◽  
Pablo A. Ferrari ◽  
Daniel Fraiman ◽  
José M. Martínez ◽  
Hugo G. Menzella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Rna Quantification ◽  
Pooling Strategy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Self Consistency

AbstractThe progress of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic requires the design of large-scale, cost-effective testing programs. Pooling samples provides a solution if the tests are sensitive enough. In this regard, the use of the gold standard, RT-qPCR, raises some concerns. Recently, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was shown to be 10–100 times more sensitive than RT-qPCR, making it more suitable for pooling. Furthermore, ddPCR quantifies the RNA content directly, a feature that, as we show, can be used to identify nonviable samples in pools. Cost-effective strategies require the definition of efficient deconvolution and re-testing procedures. In this paper we analyze the practical implementation of an efficient hierarchical pooling strategy for which we have recently derived the optimal, determining the best ways to proceed when there are impediments for the use of the absolute optimum or when multiple pools are tested simultaneously and there are restrictions on the throughput time. We also show how the ddPCR RNA quantification and the nested nature of the strategy can be combined to perform self-consistency tests for a better identification of infected individuals and nonviable samples. The studies are useful to those considering pool testing for the identification of infected individuals.

scholarly journals Biological approaches of termite management: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Preeti Mishra ◽  
Monica Verma ◽  
Saket Jha ◽  
Arpita Tripathi ◽  
Anand Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Vast Area

For increased crop production, the role of chemical termiticides cannot be neglected as they have provided the efficient way to achieve green revolution. But the present scenario has forced mankind to search for alternative options. While keeping in mind the concept of sustainable agriculture, pest management including termites and other phyto-diseases etc. needs to be focused. For the achievement of the above stated goal, eco-friendly and cost-effective strategies need to be emphasized. Biopesticidal agents that mainly comprise of herbal and microbial formulations are known to exhibit anti termite activity and have a pivotal role in the production of organic food products. In order to reduce the chemical consumption, the vast area of biological alternatives needs to be explored as they provide us with many beneficial aspects like sustainability, suitable application, biodegradable nature, target specificity etc. Further, the bioactive components of such biological agents can later be used as commercially viable termiticides in the form of formulations. These herbal and microbial termiticides are effective and have immense scope to be used in future for sustainable development.

scholarly journals Critical issues in the Supervision of Post-Graduate Dissertations in Distance Education Environments

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kofi Poku Quan-Baffour ◽  
Maurice Taonezvi Vambe
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Reflective Assessment ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Post Graduate ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Residential University ◽  
Definition Of

The main aim of this paper to identify, explain and advance as best practice, the principles of an alternative framework of postgraduate supervision in the context of distance education. This framework, we describe as Dynamic facilitation. Thepaper starts with a critique of the African Union Commission Plan of Action of the Second Decade for Education in Africa (2006-2015), highlighting the document’s unfortunate silence on the role of distance education in Africa’s Higher education. Wesuggest that this silence is due to African educationists’ reliance on old theories of learning and supervising dissertations whose main limitations are their narrow definition of higher education as residential university, and also the dominance ascribed to the pedagogic role of supervisors in the Behaviourist and Cognitivetheories of learning. We critique these theories for their inherent limitations and proceed to suggest that the context of distance education has its unique features and particularities that must be robustly engaged with, in the areas of learning and supervising of postgraduate dissertations. We then propose ‘dynamic facilitation’ as a type of supervision suited to distance education contexts. Our basic argument is that dynamic facilitation empowers postgraduate students because it allows for their initiative in generating new knowledge systems. We conclude by suggesting that dynamic facilitation takes into account the ‘distance-ness’ between supervisor and thesupervised; it integrates methods of assessment ranging from the main dissertation, to continual self-reflective assessment achieved through maintaining journal notes on work done and portfolio of the supervised’s experience during the process ofsupervision.Key words: Supervision, Distance Education, Post-Graduate, Critical, Dissertation, Context, Dynamic facilitation.

Barriers and facilitators to catch-up vaccination in migrant populations: defining effective and cost-effective implementation strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E De Vito
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Catch Up

Abstract In this talk, EdV will discuss barriers and facilitators to vaccination uptake in a range of diverse migrant groups in Europe, explore the role of vaccine hesitancy in vaccine uptake in migrant populations, and define effective and cost-effective strategies to improve coverage.

Professional Analysts and the Ongoing Construction of IT Governance

2012 ◽  
pp. 74-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
It Governance ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Chief Information Officers ◽  
Intended Target ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Commercial Research

This article addresses the role of the professional analysts as actors within the field of IT Governance. Through a content analysis of over 400 reports from the largest commercial research firm, instances of normative statements are identified and analyzed. With the intended target group of the reports being Chief Information Officers, the findings show that the content of IT Governance has changed during the last three years. This is discussed in relation to the role that professional analysts play in an ongoing construction of IT Governance. The article concludes by identifying possible risks and benefits involved in using professional analysts as sources for best-practice, as well as calling for a more practice-based definition of IT Governance.

Non-pharmacological approaches to dementia: An overview of foundations & considerations

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Linda Carozza ◽  
Lisa-Marie Serrone ◽  
Lara Sugatan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Technological Interventions

Dementia is a syndrome characterized by the progressive degeneration of one's cognitive function. The syndrome inflicts one in every nine individuals 65 and older; and 200,000 individuals under the age of 65. Currently, no cure exists; thus, finding the highest quality treatment to reduce the symptoms of the disease must become priority. Maintaining or increasing one’s quality of life is the utmost goal of any therapy for individuals with dementia. Currently, non-pharmacological approaches for suppressing concomitant symptoms of the disease have become highly debated and researched for their usefulness and for their ability to achieve this goal. Several therapeutic methods that can be considered non-pharmacological - music therapy, narrative telling , poetry, art therapy, technological interventions, and exercise and dance movement programs. A literature review was completed in order to determine the role of theseapproaches on dementia. Findings indicate that there is a small effect on cognition during these therapies presently, but there is still insufficient research in the area to conclude a sufficient difference. Non-pharmacological treatments yield potential quality of life benefits while additionally being cost-effective compared to medical interventions. Due its prevalence, further research on this topic is warranted and necessary.

scholarly journals Role of Inflammation in Muscle Homeostasis and Myogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domiziana Costamagna ◽  
Paola Costelli ◽  
Maurilio Sampaolesi ◽  
Fabio Penna
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Intracellular Pathways ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Muscle Homeostasis ◽  
Myogenic Program

Skeletal muscle mass is subject to rapid changes according to growth stimuli inducing both hypertrophy, through increased protein synthesis, and hyperplasia, activating the myogenic program. Muscle wasting, characteristic of several pathological states associated with local or systemic inflammation, has been for long considered to rely on the alteration of myofiber intracellular pathways regulated by both hormones and cytokines, eventually leading to impaired anabolism and increased protein breakdown. However, there are increasing evidences that even alterations of the myogenic/regenerative program play a role in the onset of muscle wasting, even though the precise mechanisms involved are far from being fully elucidated. The comprehension of the links potentially occurring between impaired myogenesis and increased catabolism would allow the definition of effective strategies aimed at counteracting muscle wasting. The first part of this review gives an overview of skeletal muscle intracellular pathways determining fiber size, while the second part considers the cells and the regulatory pathways involved in the myogenic program. In both parts are discussed the evidences supporting the role of inflammation in impairing muscle homeostasis and myogenesis, potentially determining muscle atrophy.

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